• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.1234-1243
• /
• 1990

Double coaxial are jets(annular and coaxial air jets) between which propane gas is fed was selected to study the structure of diffusion flames in turbulent shear flow. Schlieren and direct photographs are taken to visualize the flame structure. Mean and fluctuating temperatures and ion currents were measured to investigate the macroscopic and the instantaneous flame structure. The objective of this study is to understand the interaction between combustion and mixing process especially in the transition region of turbulent shear flow. The investigation reported in this paper focuses on the macroscopic and the instantaneous structures of three flames obtained. The increased mixing effect resulting from increase of Reynolds number of central air jet makes the flame bluish and short. When the velocity of surrounding air stream is higher than that of central air jet, the instantaneous flame structure is composed of coherent structure. It is considered that the flame structure of transitional region of mixing layer depends on the structure of mixing layer of non-reacting conditions.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 2010

We measured shear viscosity of copoly(styrene(St)/butyl methacrylate(BMA)) (co-PSB) particles, with a capillary rheometer at $170^{\circ}C$, prepared by suspension polymerization with hydrophobic silica as a stabilizer. co-PSB particles with the weight average molecular weights of lower than 74,800 g/mol displayed a Newtonian behavior at low shear rates. With the weight average molecular weight exceeding 136,800 g/mol, co-PSB particles showed shear thinning against shear rates and the absolute value of the slopes between shear viscosity vs. shear rate increased. When the ratio between St and BMA changed from 7/3 to 5/5 to 3/7, shear viscosity and glass transition decreased despite similar molecular weights. When the ratio was 1/9, it showed a large increase in initial shear viscosity despite reduced glass transition. Shear viscosity exhibited an increase in proportion to carbon black concentration. The effect of carbon black concentration on the shear viscosity of co-PSB composites was less pronounced compared to varying molecular weights and/or compositional ratio.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.15 no.6 s.67
• /
• pp.621-628
• /
• 2003

Stud shear connectors are the most commonly used shear connectors: up to 22mm studs are usually used in steel-concrete composite structures. To expand the current design codes for stud connectors, large studs with a diameter of more than 25mm should be investigated. Through push-out tests on large stud shear connectors that transcend the limitation of current design codes, fatigue behavior was investigated and comparisons with design equations performed. The shear stiffness of the connectors in elastic range was evaluated through shear tests on 25mm, 27mm, and 30mm studs and compared with those from static tests. The fatigue behavior of large studs was discussed in terms of residual slip and load-slip curves. The initiation of fatigue cracks in the welding part could be detected through the history of displacement range. Test results showed that the design fatigue endurance of S-N curves in current design codes could be applied to large stud shear connector.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.15 no.6 s.67
• /
• pp.611-620
• /
• 2003

Shear studs with a diameter of 19mm or 22mm are typically used in steel-concrete composite bridge. For the simplification of details in steel bridges, the convenience of removing concrete slab, and the efficient distribution of shear pockets for precast decks, large studs can be an excellent alternative. Through push-out tests on large stud shear connectors that transcend the limitation of current design codes, static behavior was investigated and comparisons with design equations performed. The shear stiffness of the connectors in elastic range and trilinear load-slip curves were proposed after shear tests on 25mm, 27mm, and 30mm studs. The ultimate slip capacity and ultimate strength of large studs were also evaluated, with the test results revealing conservative values for the design shear strength in Eurocode-4. For 30mm stud shear connectors, the welding quality and bearing capacity of concrete slab should be improved.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.430-433
• /
• 2010

최근 모바일 기기로 획득된 영상을 이용한 다양한 분야의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 스마트폰의 보급이 확대되면서 증강현실을 지원하고자 자연영상으로부터 문자정보를 추출 및 인식하여 이미지 검색을 가능하도록 하는 많은 연구도 진행되고 있다. 자연영상에서 한글문자 영역 검출은 한글문자 인식을 위한 전단계로서 다양한 환경에 노출된 문자영역을 정확히 검출하는 것이 인식 성능을 결정함으로 중요한 전처리 단계이다. 본 연구는 한글문자 영역의 에지 및 지역적 연결요소 성분 특징을 이용하여 한글문자 영역을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 에지 및 연결요소 성분의 특징을 검출하고, 그 결과를 레이블화하고 이를 분석함으로서 한글문자 후보 영역을 검출한다. 검출된 후보영역은 검증과정을 수행하여 최종적인 한글문자 영역을 추출한다. 제안한 방법은 다양한 환경에서 얻어진 자연영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 에지 및 연결요소 성분의 두 가지 특징을 결합함으로서 한글 문자영역 검출의 정확도를 향상하였다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2012.05b
• /
• pp.716-718
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 모바일 폰으로 획득한 영상의 텍스트영역 검출을 제안한다. 최근 모바일 폰을 이용한 영상기반 응용 분야의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 특히 영상에서 텍스트를 인식하기 위한 전단계로 텍스트 영역 검출은 중요하다. 본 논문은 텍스트 영역 검출을 위해 먼저, 컬러 영상을 입력 받아 그레이 이미지로 변환하여 영상내에 내포된 잡음을 제거하고 열림/닫힘 연산의 특징을 이용해 각 연결요소를 검출하고 검출된 요소들을 레이블링 한다. 레이블링 된 영상은 텍스트가 갖는 특정 조건에 의해 텍스트 영역인지 텍스트 영역이 아닌지를 검출하고 검출된 텍스트 영역은 검증을 통해 최종 텍스트 영역을 검출한다. 제안한 방법은 기존의 택스트 영역 겁출보다 정확도가 향상할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 1991

상업적으로 많이 이용되는 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트(PET)에 액정중합체(LCP)인 열방성 폴리에스터를 첨가하여 유변학적 특성을 조사하고 전단속도와 혼합비에 따른 LCP domain의 형태 변화를 고찰하였다. 모체고분자 내 구형과 타원형을 이루는 LCP domain들 은 신장력에 의해 피브릴 구조의 변형되고 이 피브릴은 흐름방향으로 배향되어 용융체에 윤 활제와 같은 역할을 함으로써 용융점도의 감소를 보이는데 특히 높은 전단속도 영역에서 LCP가 30wt%까지 첨가될수록 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 주사식 현미경(SEM)의 관찰로부터 LCP domain의 피브릴구조를 확인할 수 있었고 또한 LCP domain의 형태 변화가 용융점도 가 감소에 직접 관계됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 1998

셀룰로오스/N-methyl morpholine N-oxide(NMMO)용액에 있어서 셀룰로오스의 분 자량 및 농도, 그리고 NMMO의 수화도가 유변학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 12wt%의 경우 NMMO의 수화도가 감소할수록 더 높은 온도에서 lower Newtonian 흐름영 역이 사라졌다. 15wt%에서는 측정된 전단영역에서 lower Newtonian 유동영역의 관찰되지 않았다. 동일한 농도에서 NMMO의 수화도가 감소할수록 점도가 증가하였으나 중량평균중 합도가 940인셀룰로오스/NMMO 용액의 경우 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 점도가 오히려 낮아졌다. 뿐만아니 라 이온도에서 power-law의 급작스런 감소도 나타낫다. NMMO의 수화도가 클수록 제1법 선응력차나 연신점도에 대한 온도의 영향이 증가하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.3C
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2008

The stress-strain behavior of soils can usually be regarded as non-linear, while it is also known that the soil exhibits the linear-elastic behavior at pre-failure state (very small strain range, $<10^{-3}%$). This study aims to analyze the variation of anisotropic elastic shear moduli of granular soils in various stress conditions. The stress probe experiments with the triaxial testing device equipped with local strain gages and multi-directional bender elements were conducted. When the stress ratio exceeds the range between -0.5 and 1.5, the elastic shear stiffness in the axial direction deviates from the empirical correlation with current stresses, which indicates that the yielding of soils alters the internal pathway through which the elastic shear wave propagates. The experimental results show that the variation of elastic shear moduli in the horizontal direction closely relates to the volume change of soils.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.772-781
• /
• 2020

A direct shear member resists external forces through the shear transfer of reinforcing bars placed at the concrete interface. The current concrete structural design code uses empirical formulas based on the shear friction analogy, which is applied to the horizontal shear of concrete composite beams. However, in the case of a member with a large amount of reinforcing bars, the shear strength obtained through the empirical formula is lower than the measured value. In this paper, the limit state of newly constructed composite beams on an existing concrete girder is defined using stress field theory, and material constitutive laws are applied to gain horizontal shear strength while considering the tension-stiffening and softening effects of concrete struts. A simplified method of calculating the shear strength is proposed, which was validated by comparing it with the related design code provisions. As a result, it was confirmed that the method generally shows a similar tendency to the experimental results when the shear reinforcing bar yields, unlike the regulations of the design code, where differences in the predicted value of shear strength occur according to the shear reinforcement ratio.