• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.987-998
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• 2016

Auto insurance is an insurance product that requires the proper application of pricing techniques due to intense market competition and the rate regulations of financial authorities. Especially, population change according to aging and rating faction segmentation mainly affect the pricing process. This study suggests a pricing optimization methodology through the proper estimation of age factors. To properly estimate the future distribution of age factor, age change, renewal and conversion of customers are considered as main effects for the optimization of estimation and application. The properness and effectiveness for the suggested method will be proved by a comparison of results applied (one for current distribution and the other for future distribution) at the off-balance process. This study suggests an appropriate risk estimation methodology based on optimization that uses the proper estimation of future distribution to protect from the over or under estimation of risk.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.61
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• pp.59-91
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• 2018

Using a Consensus Qualitative Research approach, this study aimed to identify the ageism and explore age-integration as a solution of age discrimination that occurs during the delivery of medical services by nine healthcare professionals who have experience in treating elderly patients. There were two-sided confession has shown by health care professionals about the Ageism. They reported that they don't discriminate by age. However, They also appealed an inconvenience due to the elderly. There were real Ageism in the Healthcare Professional site as a way of Unsuitable care, elderly alienation and dependence on caregivers, polarization of medical service and double discrimination against poor elderly. They found it difficult to offer age integrated health care as a means to mitigate or solve. However they have sought to break barriers to communication, provided a comfortable environment not only for senior citizens but also for all others, and have diversified institutional and service standards. To ensure the healthy life and proper medical service of the rapidly increasing elderly patients, we proposed to do critical review of the factors in the Korean medical system that accelerate the Ageism, reorganization of the health care system for the poor elderly, including the curriculum associated with age-integrating within the health care professional education system, raising the Geriatric Medical Service and the relating professionals and improvements in perception of the health care domains for the elderly and older adults.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1995

본 연구는 취업주부의 객관적 및 주관적 자원 가정관리 능력 가정생활만족간의 관 계를 체계론적 관점에 따라 분석하고 각 변인들간의 인관관계를 알아보고자 하는데 그 목적 이 있다 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다 1) 자원적정인지도 생활정보활용도 및 의사소통도는 비교적 높고 스트레스인지도는 비교적 낮은 편이었다 가정관리능력과 가정생활만족은 비교 적 높은 편이었다 2) 취업주부의 연령과 생활정보활용도 의사소통도가 높을 때 가정관리능 력이 높았다 3) 취업주부의 연령이 낮고 자원적정인지도와 의사소통도가 높고 스트레스인지 도가 낮을 때 가정생활만족도가 높았다 4) 취업주부의 가정관리능력이 높을 때 가정생활만족 도가 높았다. 5) 각 변인들 사이에 인과관계가 성립되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.249-252
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 연령증가에 따라 운전에 필요한 신체적, 인지적 능력의 변화가 어떻게 나타나는지 설문을 통해 분석하고, 이것이 교통안전 시설물(신호기, 노면표시, 도로표지판)의 필요성 및 적정성을 평가하는 것과 어떤 관계가 있는 지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 20세 이상 운전면허 소지자를 대상으로 5개 권역, 500명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 이를 분석하였다. 운전능력에 대한 자기평가 점수는 종합적 능력, 개별능력(시력, 청력, 색채식별 등) 모두 연령이 증가함에 따라 점수가 낮아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 시력은 연령증가에 따른 감소폭이 크고, 절대적인 평균점수가 다른 항목에 비하여 낮게 나타났다. 시력의 경우 타 신체적, 인지적 능력에 비해 운전 중 기능의 저하에 따른 체감도가 크기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 설문결과에 따른 분류분석을 통해서는 신체적, 인지적 기능의 저하가 시작되는 연령이 기존의 고령운전자로 판단하는 65세 보다 낮은 48세로 분석되었다. 이것은 연령증가에 따른 기능 저하로 인한 영향을 받는 운전자가 그렇지 않은 운전자보다 더 많다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 시설물에 대한 필요성 인식에 대한 평가 역시 운전능력에서 차이를 나타내는 연령대에서 인식의 차이가 있을 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Teachers' Pension
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• v.5
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• pp.219-241
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• 2020

연기연금제도는 연금 지급개시연령 도달 이후 일정 기간 연금수급을 포기하는 대신 급여에 일정액을 가산하여 지급하는 제도이다. 연기연금은 지급개시연령 도달 이전에 수급을 신청하면 일정액을 가산하여 차감하고 지급하는 조기연금과 상호보완적인 기능을 수행하며 유연은퇴(flexible retirement)의 주요한 축을 구성한다. 연기연금제도의 정책적 목적은 수급자별 다양한 재무적 상황에 따라 보다 유연한 은퇴설계와 노후소득 확충을 지원하는 제도적 장치를 마련하는 것이다. 하지만 현재 연기연금제도는 국민연금에는 시행되고 있으나 사학연금을 비롯한 직역연금에는 도입되지 않고 있다. 최근 공적연금간 급여규정 수렴화에도 불구하고 사학연금을 비롯한 직역연금에서 연기연금을 도입하지 않는 배경에는 공적연금간 급여 형평성 등 많은 쟁점사항들이 영향을 미치기 때문일 것이다. 하지만 이 연구는 그러한 기저의 논쟁에서 벗어나 제도의 재무적 특성 분석을 목적으로 한다. 분석자료는 연금수급을 위한 요건을 충족한 퇴직자 중 연금수급연령 미도달자로 이들 대기자 그룹의 미시자료를 이용해 연기연금 적용 시 제도의 총급여액 증가를 야기하지 않는 재정 중립적 증액률(plan-neutral deferral rate)을 산출하였다. 분석결과, 분석자료를 대상으로 한 산술적 증액률은 6.75%였으나 민감도 분석의 결과를 반영한 적정수준은 6% 이하일 것으로 사료된다. 이는 장기적 추정의 특성상 적용되는 가정변수 수준에 따라 변동폭이 클 뿐만 아니라 하위 구성집단간의 이질적 특성으로 산출되는 증액률의 편차가 크기 때문이다. 따라서 재정 안정성을 훼손하지 않기 위해서는 보수적 관점의 접근이 필수적이다. 연구의 구성은 크게 세 부분으로 II장에서는 소득활동관련 연금의 주요한 수단으로 연기연금의 제도적 필요성을 검토하고, III장에서는 실제 사학연금 가입자 자료를 이용해 재정 중립적 증액률을 산출하고 주요 변수별, 특성 집단별 증액률에 대한 분석결과 및 시사점을 기술하였다. IV장에서는 장기 재정안정성을 저해하지 않기 위해 적정 증액률 산정 시 추가적으로 고려해야 되는 재무적 관련사항을 기술하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.1021-1023
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• 2012

인터넷의 발전은 사용자에게 많은 혜택을 제공하는 한편 다양한 역기능 또한 가져오고 있다. 이러한 역기능을 제거하기 위해서는 온라인 상에서 사용자의 나이를 확인하여 각 연령에 맞는 콘텐츠를 적정하게 제공하여야 한다. 현재 온라인 상에서 나이를 검증하는 기술들은 다양하게 개발되고 있으나 각 기술들간에 나이 정보를 공유하는 기술이 제공되어 있지 않아 효과적인 대처가 어려운 상황이다. 그러므로 나이 정보 공유를 위한 연구개발이 조속히 수행되어야 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2006

Purpose : Ghrelin stimulates the secretion of growth hormone and other pituitary hormones, and has orexigenic effects. It may have a physiologic role in fetal and neonatal growth. Leptin secreted by the adipocytes reflects fat mass in infants as well as adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of cord blood ghrelin and leptin levels to body weight(BW), body mass index(BMI), insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) levels in appropriate for gestational age(AGA) newborns. Methods : Sixty healthy AGA newborns(31 males and 29 females, gestational age[GA] 34-42 weeks) were included in this study, whose BW and BMI were measured at delivery. Umbilical cord venous blood samples were withdrawn, and ghrelin and leptin were measured by radioimmunoassay. Cord blood IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were determined by immunoradiometric assay. Results : The mean levels of ghrelin were inversely correlated with BW(r=-0.29, P<0.05) and GA (r=-0.28, P<0.05), but were not affected by gender. The mean levels of leptin levels showed positive correlation with BW(r=0.44, P<0.01), GA(r=0.36, P<0.01), and BMI(r=0.28, P<0.05). The leptin levels of females were higher than those of males. There was no gender difference in leptin levels in neonates under GA 37 weeks. However, the leptin levels of females were higher than those of males (P<0.01) in newborns with GA 37 weeks or over. There was no correlation between ghrelin and leptin levels. Ghrelin and leptin levels showed no relations to cord blood IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. Conclusion : These data suggest that cord blood ghrelin may have an inverse correlation with BW in AGA newborns, and leptin levels are positively correlated with BW and fat mass. Further study of ghrelin concentrations in cord blood is necessary to elucidate the physiological and pathological roles of ghrelin during the fetal and neonatal periods.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.543-550
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• 2021

Recently, there has been an increase of accidents related to the rise in the use of Personal Mobility Vehicle (PMV). To solve this problem, the National Assembly announced an amendment that restricted the use of PMV to bicycle roads and to prohibited for people under 13 years old to use PMV, but there is no detailed information about travel speed and safety. In this study, a survey was conducted by dividing the group into minors and adults based on the age of obtaining a driver's license to find out the direction of improvement of laws and systems about PMV. Our results showed that adults considered PMV as more dangerous (Adults 5.50, Minors 4.94) and the suggested age for PMV use was lower from minors than adults (Adults 15.70, Minors 13.85). We found that proper travel speed on bicycle roads differed according to the presence of a driveway (Driveway 26.21 km/h, Non-Driveway 23.55 km/h) and minors had higher a travel speed than adults on all types of bicycle road. Also, Helmets for PMV were seen as the most important safety equipment on all types of bicycle road. and the importance of other safety equipment differed according to the presence of a driveway (Driveway Front-Lighting, Non-Driveway Car Horn). Through this study, It proposes that we have to make new regulations about the use of front lights and horns, as well as enforcement measures that differentiate the speed on each bicycle road type as a way to improve the laws and systems for PMV.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.535-544
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• 2015

Yield per recruit model is the most popular method for fisheries stock assessment. However, stock assessment using yield per recruit model can lead to recruitment overfishing as this model only considers the maximum yield per recruit without spawning biomass for reproduction. For this reason, spawning biomass per recruit model which reveals variations of spawning stock biomass per fishing mortality (F) and age at first capture ($t_c$) is considered as more proper method for stock assessment. There are mainly two methods for spawning biomass per recruit model known as age specific selectivity method and knife-edged selectivity method. In the knife-edged selectivity method, the spawning biomass per recruit has been often calculated using biomass per recruit value by multiplying the maturity ratio of the recruited age. But the maturity ratio in the previous method was not considered properly in previous studies. Therefore, a new method of the knife-edged selectivity model was suggested in this study using a weighted average of the maturity ratio for ages from the first capture to the lifespan. The optimum fishing mortality in terms of $F_{35%}$ which was obtained from the new method was compared to the old method for small yellow croaker stock in Korea. The value of $F_{35%}$ using the new knife-edged selectivity model was 0.302/year and the value using the old model was 0.349/year. However, the value of $F_{35%}$ using the age specific selectivity model was estimated as 0.320/year which was closer to the value from the new knife-edged selectivity model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2D
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• pp.235-242
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• 2008

Due to the lack of judgement in an information processing on road sign, older drivers usually are having a hard time driving than young group. Furthermore, according to increasing in aging population, older drivers in Korea have been growing much faster. That means research for older drivers' characteristics and the number of guide name for road sign should be needed. In accordance with suggestions, this study was carried out the number of guide names for road sign with a variety of ages from the twenties to the seventies. For the sake of this study, statistical verification was conducted to confirm a change of speed, a reading time and a misreading rate with Driving Simulator and Electrooculogram tool. As the results of study, change of speed in the age range has shown that the higher the proportion of age, the lower the rate of velocity. Also reading time in the age range with regression analysis found that the higher the proportion of age, the higher the rate of reading time by 0.106sec. Finally, a binary logistic model was used to find the main factors. As the results, 4 number of guide names for road sign have been the best of them for older driver. The result of this study verified the importance of ideal guide numbers on road sign for older driver and proved itself to be an effective method to determine the road safety for the road signs.