• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1468-1473
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• 2018

The importance of communication and data processing is increasing with the advance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Hence, the importance of video and data processing technologies, which directly influence the accuracy and reliability of equipment, is also increasing. In this research report we propose an algorithm for calculating the final output by estimating the standard deviation and estimate required for removing AWGN while adapting to changes in the frequency factors of video. This algorithm calculates the final output by checking an estimated value against the effective pixel range, which is obtained from the standard deviation of mask factors. Subsequently, the weighted value is computed, taking into account the filter output. To evaluate the functionality of this algorithm, it is compared with the most-commonly used present method through simulation. The simulation results show that the important features of the image are preserved and efficient noise cancellation performance is demonstrated.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.500-511
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• 1999

Background: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) using facial or nasal mask have been widely used for several years in stable patients with chronic neuromuscular disease or central alveolar hypoventilation, and recently have been tried in patients with acute respiratory failure. In a few studies, NPPV was also used to rescue the patients with post-extubation respiratory failure. However, yet it has not been adopted as a weaning method in patients on long-term mechanical ventilation. So we performed this prospective clinical study to evaluate the usefulness of NPPV as a weaning method after removing endotracheal tube intentionally in patients on long-term mechanical ventilation. Method: Twelve patients who had been on invasive mechanical ventilation over 10 days were enrolled and 14 trials of NPPV were done. All had failed at least one weaning trial and showed ventilator dependence(pressure support requirement between 8-15cm $H_2O$, and PEEP requirement between 5-10cm $H_2O$), so tracheostomy was being considered. After removing the endotracheal tube, NPPV was applied using facial mask. Respiratory rate, arterial blood gas, pressure support level, and PEEP level were monitored just before intended extubation, at 30 minutes, 1 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24 hours, 2nd day, and 3rd day following initiation of NPPV, and just before weaning from NPPV. The successful weaning was defined as spontaneous breathing off the ventilator for 48 hours or longer without respiratory distress. Results: The weaning through NPPV after intended extubation was successful in 7(50%) of 14 trials, and tracheostomy could be avoided in them. There were no differences in age, sex, APACHE III score, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, baseline respiratory rate, $PaCO_2$ $PaO_2/FiO_2$, and ventilatory requirement(PS and PEEP) between the success and failure groups. In the success group, respiratory rate, pH, $PaCO_2$, and $PaO_2/FiO_2$ were not different between invasive MV and NPPV period. But in the failure group, pH decreased after 30 minutes of NPPV initiation compared with that of invasive MV($7.40\pm0.08$ vs. $7.34\pm0.06$, p<0.05). The causes of failure were worsening of ABG(n=3), retained tracheal secretion(n=2), mask intolerance(n=1), and flail chest(n=1). Conclusion: NPPV may be worth trying as a bridge method in weaning patients on long-term invasive mechanical ventilation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.90-99
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed the new class-E frequency multiplier design that include the highest efficient characteristics. The proposed frequency multiplier is designed for 5.8[GHz] output using the frequency multiplier about 2.9[GHz] input signal. And studying in this paper is for the design and the implementation of the class E frequency multiplier. For the result, the maximum highest efficient characteristics 32[%] which is with output power 24.5[dBm] and 8.5[dB], is shown with frequency multiplier for the 2.9/5.8[GHz] class E. And we applied the linear method to the implemented class E frequency multiplier. As a result, the output spectrum for the linear is upgrade to 12[dB], 12[dB], 13[dB] of the ACPR characteristics on the +11[MHz], +20[MHz], +30[MHz] offset frequency in the center frequency. The result is satisfied with the 3.83[%] of the lineared EVM for the 64-QAM modulated method with the 54[Mbps] transmission velocity. In this paper, we show that the good compensation result of the linearity and the efficiency through the digital pre-linear method of the distortion with the frequency multiplier. Therefore, we suggested the frequency multiplier method are applying to WLAN, cellular, PCS, WCDMA, and etc.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.136-143
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• 2013

In this paper, a algorithm to find joints of a small animal like a lizard from the multiple-view silhouette images is presented. The proposed algorithm is able to calculate the 3D coordinates so that the locomotion of the lizard is markerlessly reconstructed. The silhouette images of the lizard was obtained by a adaptive threshold algorithm. The skeleton image of the silhouette image was obtained by Zhang-Suen method. The back-bone line, head and tail point were detected with the A* search algorithm and the elimination of the ortho-diagonal connection algorithm. Shoulder joints and hip joints of a lizard were found by $3{\times}3$ masking of the thicked back-bone line. Foot points were obtained by morphology calculation. Finally elbow and knee joint were calculated by the ortho distance from the lines of foot points and shoulder/hip joint. The performance of the suggested algorithm was evaluated through the experiment of detecting joints of a small lizard.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.643-649
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• 1998

Background: For the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring long-term oxygen therapy, oxygen concentrator machines are already widely available for use in home. In this study, we used mongrel dogs as test subjects to compare the functional efficiency and safety of the oxygen concentrator developed by our own research team with those of the imported FORLIFE(TM) machine made by AIRSEP Corp. Method and method: To test mechanical reliability, the concentrations of oxygen delivered were measured after 4 hours of continuous operation. Sixteen mongrel dogs were divided into two equal groups. Mongrel dogs in group A were given oxygen using the imported oxygen concentrator, and those in group B using the machine developed. 5 l/min of oxygen were given, after which vital signs were analyzed, arterial blood gases measured, and blood chemistry tests carried out. Results: After 4 hours of continuous operation, the imported model performed better, giving 98${\pm}$3% oxygen, compared to our model, which gave 91${\pm}$1%. In the animal experiments, oxygen concentrations were measured at the inlet of face mask 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after continuous administration, and there was no statistically significant difference(repeated measures of analysis of variance p=0.70) between the values of 70.6${\pm}$2.5%, 67.1${\pm}$2.9%, 68.2${\pm}$2.6%, and 64.9${\pm}$3.9% that were measured from group A, and the values of 65.1${\pm}$4.8%, 65.2${\pm}$3.6%, 68.7${\pm}$4.3%, and 66.0${\pm}$5.0% measured from group B. Before oxygen administration, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after oxygen administration, arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen 87.2${\pm}$2.5 mmHg, 347.4${\pm}$29.3 mmHg, 353.4${\pm}$21.2 mmHg, 343.0${\pm}$28.8 mmHg, and 321.6${\pm}$24.4 mmHg, respectively, were read from group A, which were not statistically different (p=0.24) to the values of 102.5${\pm}$9.6 mmHg, 300.3${\pm}$17.1 mmHg, 321.6${\pm}$23.7 mmHg, 303.4${\pm}$27.4 mmHg, and 273.5${\pm}$25.9 mmHg read from group B. Nonetheless, the arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen values appear to be somewhat higher in dogs that were given oxygen using the imported oxygen concentrator. Conclusions: From these results the prototype oxygen concentrator developed appears to function relatively satisfactorily compared to the imported, established model, but may be criticized for the excessive noise generated and poor long-term endurance or consistency, which need improvement.