• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.2 s.74
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• pp.159-166
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between fertility rate and the women's employment experience in household having one child, to observe the effects of related personal factor, family factor and social factor. The sample population included 276 married women in the reproductive ages(25$\~$45 years old) which are no additional pregnant or delivery after the first child birth. The major findings of the research are as follows: First, it shows some relevance between the plan of child birth and the experience of women for employment. Specially, the married women experiencing discontinuance of employment become to have a plan and motivation about the second child birth. Second, the motivations of child birth in woman of lower fertility household are related to her age, the existence of young child, and the education. Thirdly, as a result of Logit analysis, they have the plan to deliver additionally after first child birth in case of younger age and higher educational achievement than Master degree.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.59-70
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• 2016

This study aimed to find effective policies to cope with low birth rate in local authorities. It was analyzed the variables-a number of child-care facilities, paid parental leave, labor force participation, and total working hours-using panel analysis from 2005 to 2014. The results were as follows. First, after testing the whole years, we found that the fittest model was the fixed-effects model of 2 models(fixed-effects model, random effects model). A number of child-care facilities had positive effects, and a number of child-care facilities, and total working hours in women influenced negative effects on total fertility rate. Second, during the former time and the period of plan for low birth rate and aging society, a number of child-care facilities influenced negative effects on total fertility rate. Third, a number of child-care facilities had negative effects on total fertility rate in Busan, Daegu, and Kwangju. Paid parental leave influenced positively on total fertility rate in 5 cities and a province. Women's total working hours were a significant variable of total fertility rate in Jeju. This study found that the variables which influenced on total fertility rate were different by local authorities, and a number of child-care facilities and paid parental leave were very important variables on total fertility rate.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.729-736
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• 2023

Traditionally, Germany, a conservative welfare state, has pursued a male breadwinner model based on gender division of labor. For a long time, Germany tried to address low fertility through economic support centered on cash benefits, but it was not successful. In 2007, the German government began to shift the paradigm of family policy for work-life balance under the slogan of "A mix of time policy, income transfer, and infrastructure." When the issue of low birth rates emerged as a national concern in Germany, there was a growing social sentiment that not only the government but also private companies should contribute to increasing fertility by providing family-friendly personnel policies and working conditions. Private companies have been voluntarily improving family-friendly working conditions beyond legal obligations, aiming to secure personnel and prevent turnover. Germany's fertility rate is currently rising toward the European average level in 2023, which can be attributed to the government's work-life balance policies and the participation of private companies. In terms of improving work-life balance policies in Korea, it has been proposed to change the perception of the need for fathers to participate in child care, to make parental leave compulsory for men, to guarantee employment for women after childbirth, to expand child care facilities, and to revitalize family-friendly policies in companies.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2007

This study analyzes the contents of low birthrate measures by the government and their effectiveness. The discussion on the measures being promoted by the government is conducted by considering the analysis on the cause of low birthrates, introduction of overseas policies and government policy propositions, etc. The evaluation on effectiveness is conducted by considering the recognition of the policies by women who are the subject of childbirth and preceding studies. Low birth rates are not the problem of an individual anymore, but a task that the whole of society has to resolve. The comprehensive measures should be made including the elements that influence birth rate such as reducing the cost of raising a child, creating a favorable environment in society and worksite, and improving the nurturing environment, etc.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.137-163
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• 2010

This study examines how individual, familial, and social factors are associated with persistent very low fertility in Busan Metropolitan City and contemplates family-friendly environments and social strategies for fertility increase. Fertility decline in Busan Metropolitan City recorded the lowest birth rate nationwide recent years among metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea. Birthrates are low partly because of multiple factors such as high age at childbearing and at marriage, decline in marriage, high divorce rate, the phenomena of marriage avoidance among unmarried women, traditional gender role attitude of men, low domestic work participation of husbands among dual career couples, low marital satisfaction and family life satisfaction, abortion, and more broader attiributes such as family policy, availability of childcare, education expenses, and family-friendlyness of a society. In addition, women of dual career couples in Busan strained from domestic work overload under traditional norms of gender role, and marital satisfaction recorded below average nationwide along with espeacially low marital satisfaction of wives compared to that of husbands. Major aspects of implications and considerations for higher birth rate and family friendly policy in Busan are discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.421-437
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• 2020

This paper implemented a method to predict the fertility rate, mortality rate, and international migration rate using the R program, which has been widely used in recent years, that calculates population projection by substituting the results into the Leslie matrix. In particular, the generalization log gamma model for the fertility rate by Kaneko (2003), LC-ER model for mortality rate by Li et al. (2013), and functional data model for international migration rates proposed by Ramsay and Silverman (2005) and Hyndman and Booth (2008), Hyndman et al. (2013) can be directly demonstrated with R programs. Demography and bayesPop have been introduced as a representative demographic package implemented in R; however, it can be analyzed only for data uploaded to Human Mortality Database (HMD) and Human Fertility Database (HFD) with data changes and modifications requiring application of other data. In particular, in Korea, there is a limitation in applying this package because it is provided only for short-term data in HMD. This paper introduces an R program that can reflect this situation and the different patterns of low fertility, aging, migration of domestic and foreigners in Korea, and derives a population projection for the year 2117.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.137-143
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to propose an effective PR plan for government policies in order to make the people aware of the importance of the fertility rate by seeking strategies to counter the low fertility rate. Focus group interviews were conducted with 6 experts with high expertise in government policy advertising and public relations among advertising and public relations academics and practitioners. It was found that low fertility PR strategy raised the problems of integrated public relations and budgeting. PR message strategy was lacked a creative approach suitable for the target, and the media strategy did not reflect the characteristics of the younger generation. Based on these research results, an improvement plan for government PR to counter the low fertility was proposed, and it is expected that it will be used for policy making in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.523-534
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to forecast the numbers of students in a capital areas until 2027 year by using the moving average methods for estimating the number of student at the elementary, meddle and high-school. It is analyzed the third student number at the high schools and the entrance quota of colleges and universities around capital areas until 2027. The result of this paper is that there are no problems to keep the current entrance quota of colleges and universities around capital areas until 2027.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.241-268
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• 2006

This study aim to examine the optimum population in Korea, which has the lowest fertility rate in the world. This study has significance because this rapid decline in the fertility rate is expected to bring the decrease of the population and unbalance in the population composition in Korea. From the social welfare perspective, the optimum population is guided by maximization of the social welfare level per person or the social welfare level in a society. The optimum population can be defined as follows: The proportion of older adults 65 and over is 15-17%, the proportion of work force is 64-69%, the index of aging is 72-104. Within the current population and population composition, the optimum population is estimated as 4.85-4.95 million. These findings imply that we need to remove causes of low fertility rate and prepare for policies encouraging immigration of labor force from foreign countries. In addition, policies and programs where children can be grown up in good environments and women and older adults can participate in labor force should be established.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.29-53
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• 2012

This research studies how women's hourly wages affect childbearing using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The results of discrete time hazard model show that the relationship between women's hourly wage and fertility is dynamic. Overall relationship looks negative, but they are not consistent across education levels. Women who have a high school diploma or less have a tendency to decrease childbearing when their wages increase. But women who have some college experience or a college degree are likely to have children when their wages increase. It means that only for highly educated women who are likely to be in high paying decent jobs, the rise of income can be used as a resource for reconciling the mother's and worker's roles. Or, for less educated women who are likely to be in the low paying jobs, the rise of income is not large enough to lessen role incompatibility.