• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.110.1-110.1
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• 2011

최근 식물성 기름으로부터 생산된 바이오디젤의 보급이 활발해지면서, 그 원료의 안정적 확보에 대한 어려움과 원료가격 상승의 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위한 대안으로 다양한 종류의 기름이 검토되고 있으며, 그 중 하나가 축산 폐유지를 이용한 바이오디젤의 생산이다. 그러나 축산 폐유지로부터 생산된 바이오디젤은 저온유동성이 열악하여 개선이 필요하다. 축산 폐유지 바이오디젤의 저온필터막힘점은 $6{\sim}8^{\circ}C$로 국내 동절기 품질 기준 $0^{\circ}C$ 이하를 만족하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 축산 폐유지로부터 생산된 바이오디젤의 열악한 저온특성을 개선하기 위해 저온필터막힘점 개선 첨가제 6종을 사용하여 각각의 첨가제 혼합에 의한 저온유동성 개선 효과를 분석하였다. 각각의 첨가제를 1,000 ~ 5,000ppm 범위에서 폐돈지 및 폐우지 바이오디젤에 첨가하였다. 그 결과, Wintron을 제외한 나머지 첨가제는 폐돈지 바이오디젤의 저온필터막힘점을 최저 $0^{\circ}C$까지 개선할 수 있었다. 하지만 폐우지 바이오디젤의 경우, 첨가제에 의한 저온유동성 개선의 효과는 매우 적었다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.232-240
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• 2012

Bio-diesel (BD) is the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks like vegetable oils or animal fats. Bio-diesel shows poorer fuel properties than that of diesel fuel in a cold condition. For the diesel fuel, many cold flow improvers have been developed; however, since primary ingredients of bio-diesel are different from those of the diesel fuel, there is a limit to the cold flow improvement when the same cold flow improvers are added to bio diesel. In this study, to improve low temperature properties of bio-diesel, we developed a cold flow improver using an alkyl methacrylate monomer, prepared via ester reaction, and maleic anhydride and also conducted a ring opening reaction using amine. We characterized the products using $^1H-NMR$, FT-IR and GPC methods. In addition, the cold flow improvements of the products in Soybean BD and Palm BD in the concentration rage of 1000~10000 ppm were investigated. It was found that the addition of LMA2SMA6MA2-C8A in Soybean BD improved the pour point by $12.5\;^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2014

In this paper, we have implemented the low temperature fluidity test system with the composited package fuel heater, which has tested the low temperature fluidity and start time to evaluate the performance. Then we have compared the separation and the unified fuel heater type at $+20{\sim}-30^{\circ}C$. Also, we have tested the flowing pressure and start time, power consumption of heater. By comparing the performance with several condition, the experimental results obtain an improved start time of 23% and low temperature fluidity of 19%.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.497-503
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• 2008

A variety of techniques has been employed in order to reduce problems caused by the crystallization of paraffin and saturated fatty acid esters in diesel fuel containing biodiesels. Methacrylate copolymers are known as additives which reduce the pour point and cold filtering plugging point (CFPP) of diesel fuels. This paper describes the synthesis, characterization and low temperature properties, having as an initial step the synthesis of the alkyl methacrylate monomers by esterification of methacrylic acid with C12, C18, and C22 fatty alcohols. The copolymerization of these monomers with styrene was then performed, with molar ratios of 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 for styrene:alkyl methacrylate. All copolymers were characterized by $^1H-NMR$, FT-IR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The poly(styrene-co-alkyl methacrylate)s (PStmSMAn) leads to a large reduction in the pour point and CFPP of poly(styrene-co-alkyl methacrylate) in ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and BD5 with treated 100~5000 ppm of poly(styrene-co-alkyl methacrylate). BD5 fuel containing 5000 ppm of the copolymer (PSt82SMA18) showed a $25^{\circ}C$ and $9^{\circ}C$ reduction in their pour points and CFPP, respectively.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.152-158
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• 2014

It is very important to supply the diesel fuel from fuel tank to combustion chamber in case of cold start procedure. the paraffin hydrocarbons are easily solidified at low fuel temperature and it can be blocking the fuel supply to the high pressure fuel pump. In order to reduce the fuel crystallization (Waxing), it have been used to develop not only cold flow additives but also the proper mounting design of fuel filter. Block heater in the fuel filter assembly have been also contained to improve the cold start and prevent blocking the fuel supply in Common Rail Direct Injection System. we can obtain the fuel pressure drop and fuel flow rate, power consumption of fuel heater to have the cold flow evaluation test with the saperated and composited fuel heater at the low ambient temperature, Due to evaluating cold flow performance of two block heater, we knew that composited package fuel heater was the excellent cold flow performance compared to separated type and obtained the parameters of cold flow.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2014

The compositions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in biodiesel feedstocks are important factors for biodiesel properties including low-temperature fluidity and oxidative stability. This study was conducted to improve low-temperature fluidity of biodiesel by reducing total saturated FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) in animal fat biodiesel fuels via urea-based fractionation and by mixing plant biodiesel fuels (rapeseed-FAME, waste cooking oil-FAME, soybean-FAME, and camellia-FAME) with enriched-polyunsaturated FAME derived from animal fat biodiesel. Our results showed that the reduction of total saturated FAME in animal fat biodiesel lowered CFPP (Cold Filter Plugging Point) to $-15^{\circ}C$. Mixing plant biodiesel fuels with the enriched-polyunsaturated FAME derived from animal fat biodiesel lowered CFPP of blended biodiesel fuels to $-10{\sim}-18^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.420-426
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• 2014

In this paper, we have implemented the low temperature fluidity test system with the composited fuel filter and heater, which has tested the low temperature fluidity of gasoline, an engine start time, the consumption of electricity and power to evaluate the system performance. The test condition have used the diesel fuel, the normal temperature, the diesel fuel supply pressure $3.4kgf/cm^2$ at $-20{\sim}-30^{\circ}C$, the fuel supply quantization 60 l/H, the setting current 30 A and the voltage $13V_{dc}$. In order to simulate the operation of diesel fuel filter, we will establish the composited fuel filter into test jig, and be filled with chamber tank and filter by a constant flow quantization and pressure. After these, it shall be cold for setting time. And then we have measured the consumption current and power of heater, an operating time and pressure of filter.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.419-427
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• 2017

In order to examine the possibility of practical use of aluminate cement concrete at low-temperature environment with insulation method, an experimental studies on flowability, setting time, freezing temperature, size variation and compressive strength of the mortar at low-temperature were conducted. Compressive strength was increased in use of CSA, aluminate cement with gypsum. Workability and physical properties were improved by using aluminate cement and gypsum. In addition, freezing resistance and physical properties were improved by applying the insulation curing method. Especially, when alumina cement and gypsum were used together, the insulation curing method was more effective in improving the compressive strength.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2015

At low temperature, Wax build-up and settling can affect adversely the cold weather performance of the diesel vehicle. In this study, we test the cold properties of diesel by blending ratio of biodiesel, kerosene and WAFI. Also, we test the cold weather performance for diesel vehicle by fuel cold properties. Cold properties of diesel are improved by adding the WAFI, kerosene and get worse by adding the biodiesel. WAFI is effective to improve a cold filter plugging point(CFPP) and Kerosene is effective to improve a cloud point(CP). CFPP and pour point(PP) are related to cold weather performance of diesel vehicle but CP is unrelated. CFPP indicate a limit temperature of vehicle driving possibility.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.7-20
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• 1989

합성윤활유(synthetic lubricant)라 함은 현재까지도 계속되고 있는 광유(mineral oil) 전성시대의 광유에 대응되는 말로써 광유계 윤활유로 부터 얻기 어려운 높은 점도지수, 우수한 저온 유동성 등의 특성을 얻기 위해 유기합성방법에 의해 인위적으로 제조한 윤활유의 총칭이며 작용기의 종류, 합성방법, 등에 따라 다양하게 분류된다. 합성윤활유의 종류에는 합성방법에 따라 폴리머형(P형), 비폴리머형(N형)으로 대별되는데, 폴리머형 합성유에는 poly-butene, poly-$\alpha$-olefin, Polyalky lenglycol, Silicon oil, Chlorofluorocarbon, Perfiuoroalkylpolyether 등이 있으며, 비폴리머형 합성유에는 Alkylbenzene, Dibasicacidester, Polyolester, Silicate-ester Polyphenylether, Complex ester 등이 포함된다. 전자의 경우에는 중합반응 조건을 조절하므로써 여러점도 등급의 합성유들을 얻을 수 있는 반면 후자의 경우에는 분자량이 크지 않으므로 저점도의 것만 얻어지는 것이 특징이다.