• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2000

Osgood-Schlatter's disease is generally treated conservatively. However, surgical treatment is necessary for some patients with recurrent or persistent pain that does not respond to conservative treatment. Most authors recommend the excision of the loose ossicles present around the distal end of the patellar tendon. The authors report the technique of arthroscopic removal of the ossicles for Osgood-Schaltter's disease instead of the conventional technique through the incision at the tibial tuberosity. The advantages of this technique are less damage to the patellar tendon, early postoperative recovery, making no incisional scar in front of the tuberosity which causes the scar discomfort in kneeling, and more cosmetic result.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.553-555
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• 2002

Transabdominal approach in redo coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) may avoid the risk related to repeat sternotomy. Redo CABG using this approach can be performed safely in selected cases. We report a case of redo off-pump CABG through a transabdominal approach in a 59-year-old woman with recurrent unstable angina after a previous CABG. Through a curvilinear epigastric incision, right gastroepiploic artery(RGEA) was harvested as a graft, and the RGEA-to-right coronary artery anastomosis was performed on the beating heart. A 1-day postoperative angiographic study showed the patent RGEA graft, and she was discharged on postoperative 4th day without any complication.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1133-1137
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• 1996

From September 1994 to October 1995, we are reporting clinical results of 67 patients whom underwent video-assisted trio rabic surgery(VATS). 1. They were diagnosed as spontaneous pneumothorax In )5, diffuse interstitial lung disease in 9, empyema in 7, hemothorax in 5, malignant pleural effusion in 3, hyperhidrosis in 3, foreign body in chest cavity in 2, mesothelioma in 1, miliary tuberculosis in 1 and organizing pneumonia in 12. In pneumothorax, bullectomy in 33 and open bellectoiny in 2 due to pleural adhesion was done Hemostasis in 5, irrigation in 7, foreign body removal in 2, talcum powder insufrlation in 3, sympathectomy 3 as done. Thoracoscopic biopsy watt done In 12 3. For pneumothorax, operation was indicated as recurrent pneumothorax in 18, persistent air leak in 12, visible bullae In chest X-ray in 5. 4 Thoracoscopic biopsy was done in 12. They were interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in 9, miliary tuberculosis in 1, mesothelioma in 1, and organizing pneumonia in 1 .Among interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, usual interstitial pneumonia were 2 and diffuse interstitial pneumonia were 7. 5. Wo complication was found in 6) patients among 67 patients. The complication was found in 4 patients (2 persistent air leak, 2 contralateral lung atelectasis). We concluded that VATS was safe and beneficial in reducing postoperative complication and the role of thoracic surgery will increase markefdly.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.422-426
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• 2003

Primary cardiac tumor has very low incidence, especially in cases of malignancy. A 29 year old male patient visited our cardiologic clinic for recent aggrevation of dyspnea on exertion and palpitation. Echocardiography showed a large tumor in the left atrium, which suggested the left atrial myxoma. Urgent open heart surgery was taken. The operative finding was fossa ovalis based a large tumor (35$\times$90$\times$50 mm) that invaded the posterior wall of LA and right superior pulmonary vein directly. The tumor was excised well by simple dissection, and the final pathologic report was malignant myxofibrosarcoma. His postoperative course was smooth and he was discharged in good health. Postoperative radiation and chemotherapy had taken with satisfactory clinical outcome.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.3 s.25
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• pp.128-134
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• 2005

Up to now, the various water proofing methods and materials have been developed. For the water proofing methods, poly-urethane membrane method is one of the commonly used and increase market share in water proofing industry due to it's many advantages. However, in spite of it's many advantages over other water proofing methods, water proofing defect occurs frequently. With this respect, the study investigate water proofing defect causes in roof water proofing. The study investigate 13 water proofing construction site in Sunchon city in oder to find urethane membrane defection causes and their type. As a results of the study, the followings are founded. 1) Among various water proofing defection causes, problems of water remain phenomenon due to surface horizontal level defect which occupy $25\;\%$ of total defect causes is the most commonly occur. 2) The second defect cause which occupy $15\;\%$ of total defect causes is the swell up phenomenon due to surface dry problem. For the prevention of water proofing defection in roof using urethane membrane, the followings are recommended. 1) Faultless surface treatment before using urethane membrane 2) Develop improved urethane membrane material 3) Improve urethane membrane construction technique

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 1999

Purpose : After the total or partial meniscectomy of the lateral discoid meniscus, many patients complain the residual pain or the recurrent symptoms of the meniscus, and some of them need reoperation. We analyzed the causes of the reoperation after initial meniscectomy. Material & Method : Two hundred seventy three patients with the symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus were treated by arthroscopic meniscectomy between October, 1989 and September, 1998. Of the 273 patients, 69 patients were treated by total meniscectomy and 204 patients were treated by partial meniscectomy. The male to female sex ratio was 1:1.04, and the average of the age was 23.1 years old(from 4 to 59 years old). The reoperation was done in 8 patients, of which 1 was the case of total meniscectomy at the initial operation, and the rest 7 were the case of partial meniscectomy. Results : Of the 8 reoperations, 3 patients recurred the meniscal symptoms within the 3rd week after the initial operation, and 5 patients recurred beyond the 3rd week after the initial operation. Among the 3 patients of carly recurrence, 2 patients showed inadequate sizes of the remnant meniscus, and 1 patient showed posterolateral instability of the remained meniscus. Among the 5 patients of late recurrence, 3 patients showed rerupture of the meniscus, and 2 patients showed associated pathology of degenerative arthritis following osteochondritis dissecans. Conclusions : The reoperation rate after initial meniscectomy of the lateral discoid meniscus was higher in partial meniscectomy than total meniscectomy. During the operation of the lateral discoid meniscus, we must determine the adequate resectional margin, confirm the remnant meniscus by probing, and look for the associated pathologies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1197-1204
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• 1997

Between April 1981 and June 1996, 65 patients had aortic root replacement at our institution. Disease entities were pure aortic annuloectasia in 31 patients(47.7%), Stanford type A aortic dissection with annuloectasia in 8(43.1%), atherosclerotic aneurysm with aortic regurgitation in 4(6.2%), and paravalvular leakage after aortic valve replacement in 2(3.1 %). 34 patients(52.3%) had the clinical stigmata of the Marfan syndrome. The operative procedures were Bentall operation in 61 patients(93.8%); 3 of conventional procedure and 58 of Cabrol's modification, aortic valve-sparing operation in 2(3.1 %), and root replacement with homograft in 2(3.1%). Hospital deaths occurred in 3 patients(4.8%) because of uncontrolled bleeding(1) and bypass weaning failure due to low cardiac output(2), and all had emergency operation with Cabrol's procedure. Postoperative complications developed in 19(29.2%) patients and most of them were transient. Surviving 62 patients have been followed up to cumulative total 315.0 patient-years(mean 60.2 $\pm$42.4 months). Late deaths occurred in 7 patients(11.3%), aneurysmal changes of remaining aorta were detected in 12 patients(19.4%). Actuarial survival rate at 10 years was 72.0 $\pm$ 9.7%, and the subsequent aortic operation-free rate at 10 years was 68.0$\pm$ 8.9% In a multivariate analysis, Marfan syndrome, emergency operation, preoperative dissection, combined arch replacement, and total circulatory arrest emerged as significant risk factors for hospital death or subsequent aortic operation. Over 60 years of age was the only risk factor for late death. Our 16 years'cummulative experience shows that aortic root replacement, mainly by means of Cabrol's procedure, can be applied successfully to variety of aortic root disease. However, long-term follow up will be needed to determine the late result of aortic valve-saving operation and root replacement with homograft. When dissection is present or the distal native aorta is diseased in'Marfan patients, close follow-up is necessary because of the subsequent aneurysmal change of remaining aorta.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.1 s.258
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• pp.56-59
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• 2006

Background: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a relatively rare and benign condition that generally occurs in young adults without any precipitating factor or disease. The purpose of this study was to assess whether more uncomforting diagnostic procedures are necessary and to establish standards in the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Material and Method: A retrospective study was done on 18 patients from the hospitals of Hanyang University Seoul Hospital and Hanyang University Guri Hospital between February, 1997 and June, 2004. All patients had presence of mediastinal air without a pneumothorax and no evidence of trauma or barotrauma. Result: Among the 18 patients, the majority were male patients with only two female patients. Their mean age was 20.95 years old with standard deviation of 14.3 years. The most common complaints were chest pain, dyspnea, and coughing. Evaluation included simple chest roentgenogram in all patients, 10 patients had a chest tomographic scan, 10 patients had an esophagoscopic exam, 6 patients had a bronchofiberoscopic exam, and 3 patients had an esophagogram done. The mean hospital stay was 10.9 days. All patients were treated conservatively and in a follow-up of 1 $\∼$ 8 years only one recurrence was found. Conclusion: SPM is caused by alveolar rupture in the pulmonary interstitium leading to dissection of air towards the hilum and mediastinum. Although SPM is a self-limiting condition, evaluation should include chest roentgenogram and chest tomographic scans to rule out any other secondary condition. More aggressive evaluation seems unnecessary.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 1997

We present a etrospective analysis of arterial embolectomies performed at the Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital. During the period of March 1987 Feburary 1996 twenty-six patients underwent embolectomies, eighteen patients were male and eight patients were female, mean age of patients was 56.8 years. Rest pain was the chief complaint in 24 patients, the remaining two patients complained of long term history of claudication after recovery of acute symtoms. But only 10 patients had sensBrylmotor symtoms. Heart was the most common source of embolization and frequent predisposing factor of embolism was ischemic heart disease in 8 cases and valvular heart disease in 11 cases. The sites of embolization were upper extremities artery in 6 cases, saddle embolism in 2 cases, lower extremities artery in 18 cases and the most common site of embolism was femoral artery in 1 1 cases. Preoperative angiography was taken in the diagnosis and planning of the embolectomy in 1) patients while in the other patient p eoperative angiography was not taken. Only two cases were operated within the golden period of 6 hours and other cases were operated in more than 6 hours after embolization. In all patients, the Fogarty embolectomy catheter was used without bypass surgery via bachial ateriotomy in the embolism of upper extremities artery, bilateral groin approaches in the saddle embolism and transfemoral approach in the embolism of lower extremities artery. However 3 patients were re-operated via transpopliteal approach in the distal poplitiotibial embolism. Eighteen patients received perioperative anticoagulation therapy by heparin or fraxiparine and wafarin was used in 17 patients at the time of discharge and the indication of anticogulation was patients of valvular heat disease andfor atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery atherosclerosis and recurrent embolism. Postoperative results of the embolectomy were as follows: fouteen pateints had excellent results, five cases had symtom improvement after re-operation, B. K. amputation in 1 case who had severe atherosclerosis of lower extremities, recurrent embolism in 1 case and death in 2 cases the cause of death were acute renal failure and cerebral artery embolism, respectively. The complications of the embolectomy were reperfusion syndrome, pseudoaneurysm and intimal dissection in one case each. Conclusively the problems of embolism is delayed diagnosis and increasing number of old aged patient who had suffered from ischemic heart diease. Preoperative angiography was not always needed for embol ectomy. Selective anticoagulation therapy can decrease incidence of re-embolism. In the distal poplitiotibial embolism, embolectomy of tibial artery was difficult.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2003

최근, 새로운 전자재료로서 GaN 분말의 합성과 응용에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. CaN 분말은 열처리 과정 중 분해를 방지하기 위한 표면 보호용 소재, CaN 박막 또는 벌크 결정을 성장하기 위한 precursor 및 대면적 평판표시소자 제작을 위한 전기발광소자용 소재 등에 적용되고 있다. 일반적으로 100$0^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서Ga과 NH$_3$를 반응시키거나, Ga이 포함된 화합물반도체 또는 산화물 및 질산염 등을 NH$_3$ 분위기에서 가열시켜 GaN 분말을 합성시키고 있다. 본 논문에서는 출발물질로서 GaOOH를 채택하고, 이를 NH$_3$ 가스를 흘리면서 가열 반응시켜 GaN 분말을 합성하고 X선 회절분석 방법을 사용하여 GaN의 합성에 대한 반응기구를 조사하였다. GaN 분말을 합성하기 위하여 GaOOH 분말 1g을 석영 용기에 담아 석영 반응관 내에 위치시키고, 반응관 내부를 $10^{-3}$ torr의 진공으로 배기한 후 $N_2$를 주입하면서 전기로의 온도를 1$0^{\circ}C$/min으로 승온시켰다. 반응온도는 300~l17$0^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 변화시켰고, 반응시간은 10분부터 24시간까지 변화시켰으며, NH$_3$의 유량은 300~700 sccm의 범위에서 변화시켰다. GaN의 반응역학을 조사하기 위하여 X선 회절도에서 특정 성분의 회절강도는 시료 내에 포함된 특정 성분의 량에 직접 비례한다고 가정하고, 2$\theta$=37$^{\circ}$부근에서 관찰되는 GaN의 (101)면에 의한 회절강도를 측정하고, 이를 GaN의 생성량으로 고려하였다.}C$로 소결 하였다. coating 결과 박리현상은 없었으나, 표면과 단면의 SEM분석결과 다소 porous한 박막층이 형성되었으며, Ca이온이 지지체로 permeation되는 현상이 발생하였다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 보다 치밀한 박막생성을 위해, slurry 제조조건을 변화시켰으며, Ca이온의 migration을 막기 위해 barrier layer를 이용하였다 완전 소결된 지지체는 가스투과도와 전기전도도측정을 통하여 특성을 평가하였다.였다.다.m이하의 NH$_3$ 가스를 검출할 수 있었다.기 화강암 관입 이전에 좌수향 전단 운동에 의해 부분적으로 재활성 되었으며, 후기 화강암의 관입 이후에 재차 우수향 전단운동으로 활성화 되었음을 알 수 있다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 호남전단대는 쥬라기 중기에 발생한 광역적인 우수향의 연성전단운동이나, 운동 특성은 연속적이기 보다는 단속적으로 일어난 것으로 생각된다.리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술은 통증이 적고, 입원기간이 짧고, 사회로의 복귀가 빠르며, 고위험군에 적용할 수 있고, 무엇보다도 미용상의 이점이 크다는 면에서 자연기흉에 대해 유용한 치료방법임에는 틀림이 없으나 개흉술에 비