• The Korean Literature and Arts
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• v.27
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• pp.273-321
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics and meaning of the Korean American women's poetry in New York area. New York area poetry has been led by women poets from the very beginning of the paragraph. In this paper, set the starting point of "New York Literature" in 1991, and classified the poets who had started their activities in the past as a first generation, and poets who have been active since then, as second generation. The characteristics and meaning of women's poetry were examined by focusing on Kwak Sang-hee, Kim Jung-ki, Kim Song-hee, and Choi Jeong-ja in the first generation, Jo Seong-Ja, and Shin Ji-hye, An Young-ae, Bok Young-mi in the second generation. On the one hand, they share a common sentiment of immigrant women, while on the other they show a slightly different world recognition and identity for each poet. The characteristics of women's poetry in New York area are as follows: ① they express the nostalgia for their experience and home in a strange space, ② that they reveal their identity as a mother and a poet, ③ they show the experience of labor and other consciousness, and ④ shows the changing identity through Nomadistic thought and de-territorialization. Although the content of the prototypes of female poets differ slightly depending on the motive and timing of immigration, in the early days of immigration, mainly the nostalgia for their hometowns and the consciousness of the Gentiles have become a poetic theme, and the alienation ceremony, And as time passes it shows consciousness as a settler who regards America as their second hometown. In the 1990s, most of the first-generation women poets have been harsh with the process of adaptation and settlement, revealing the nostalgia for their hometowns. Jo Seong-Ja and Shin Ji-hye, who are doing their work in the 1990s as a settlement stage, are adapting easily to American society compared to their predecessors. They also show that they are able to overcome ethnicity and race, It shows the open vision and identity to overcome. If the first generation of immigrant women has been leading the flow of New York poetry since the liberation, it is meaningful that second generation of women's poetry can be used as a measure of future change and development of New York poetry.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.801-821
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• 2020

There are a number of prior studies on the poverty experience of Korean women, but little is known about the poverty experience of Korean elderly women in the U.S. The purpose of this study is to examine the poverty experiences of Korean elderly women who immigrated to the U. S. Qualitative case study methods were used to achieve these research objectives. Three Korean elderly women living in Oakland of California who received Supplemental Security Income (SSI) from the U.S. federal government were included in the study. The data were collected by conducting a total of six meetings per participant, and the researcher read the consent form directly to the participants and obtained a hand-written signature. The analysis and interpretation began by repeating the interview transcript several times, and the repeated keywords were to be understood in the context, focusing on time, space, and relationships with other people. The contextual understanding of Korean elderly women's experiences in poverty was interpreted in three dimensions: extending poverty in their mother country, double torture as female immigrants, and limiting labor due to aging and diseases. Before moving to the U.S., they had a difficult livelihood by farming and one of them had to live in poverty due to the bereavement to her husband. But even after moving to the U.S., they have continued to live in poverty. As female immigrants with low education and no special skills, they were incorporated into the periphery of the labor market in the industrialized U.S. and were forced to make a living with low wages. Korean elderly women were unable to return to the labor market in the surrounding areas due to aging and diseases, and were continuing their impoverished lives relying on SSI. From the findings, we discussed the role of the Korean immigrants community as a way to improve the quality of life for Korean elderly women in the U.S.