• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1998

Primary lung cancer has recently increased progressively in its incidence in Korea. It is clearly evident that surgical resection offers the best offortunity for cure of non-small cell carcinoma. This study was designed to analyse the clinical data of 100 primary non-small cell carcinoma patients who underwent lung resection surgery from January 1992 to July 1995 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Sugery, Kyungpook National University Hospital. There were 86 males and 14 females(6:1). In the age distribution, the peak incidence was recorded in the seventh decade(43%). The methods of tissue diagnosis were bronchoscopic biopsy in 53 patients(50.5%), percutaneous needle aspiration in 17 patients(16.2%), transbronchial lung biopsy in 11 patients(10.5%), mediastinoscopic biopsy in 2 patients (1.9%), sputum cytology in 2 patients(1.9%), and thoracotomy in 20 patients(19.0%). Fifty-five lobectomies, 22 pneumonectomies, 15 bilobectomies, 2 segmentectomies, 4 sleeve lobectomies, a sleeve pneumonectomy, and a wedge pneumonectomy were performed. Operative mortality occured in 4 cases(sepsis in 2 cases, respiratory failure in 1 case, and acute myocardiac infarction in 1 case). The histologic types of tumor were 67 squamous cell carcinomas, 26 adenocarcinomas, 6 large cell carcinomas, and an adenosquamous cell carcinoma. Eighteen patients with N2 mediastinal lymph node metastases had 8 squamous cell carcinomas(11.9%), 9 adenocarcinomas(34.6%), and a large cell carcinoma(16.7%). The primary tumors in these patients were in the right upper lobe in 4 patients, the right middle and lower lobe in 9 patients, the left upper lobe in 3 patients, and the left lower lobe in 2 patients. With regard to pathologic stages, 45 patients had stage I disease; 13 patients, stage II; 36 patients, stage IIIa; 5 patients, stage IIIb; and 1 patient, stage IV. The overall actuarial survival rate was 77.5% at 12 months, 56.1% at 24 months and 43.7% at 43 months. The actuarial survival rates at 43 months were 81.3% in Stage I, 20.8% in Stage II, 27.9% in Stage IIIa, 25.0% in Stage IIIb and 33.3% in Stage IV. These facts suggest that early detection and surgical resection are recommended for favorable postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

There is no established treatment for esophageal carcinoma with metastasis. For the metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, chemotherapy or best supportive care according to patient's performance status are accepted as an available treatment. We report a case of complete remission after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with metastatic lesion in 5th thoracic vertebrae. A 57-year-old man with ongoing dysphagia and weight loss was admitted to our hospital. On the endoscopic and radiologic imaging evaluation,the patient was diagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus with solitary metastatic lesion in 5th thoracic vertebrae. The patient was treated with combination chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin) and concurrent radiotherapy for two months to relieve dysphagia. Because metastatic lesion in thoracic vertebrae was located near the primary esophageal tumor, the metastatic lesion could be included within the radiation field. After concurrent chemoradiotherapy, consecutive 4 cycles of chemotherapy had been carried out. Primary esophageal tumor with metastatic lymph nodes and metastatic lesion in 5th thoracic vertebrae disappeared on follow up computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT). Follow up endoscopic biopsy revealed no remnant malignant cells at previous primary cancer lesion.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.210-217
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• 2009

Purpose: To assess the influence of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression on the survival of patients with a combination of rectal cancer and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: The study included rectal cancer patients treated by radical surgery and postoperative radiotherapy at the Dong-A university hospital from 1998 to 2004. A retrospective analysis was performed on a subset of patients that also had lymph node metastasis. After excluding eight of 86 patients, due to missing tissue samples in three, malignant melanoma in one, treatment of gastric cancer around one year before diagnosis in one, detection of lung cancer after one year of diagnosis in one, liver metastasis in one, and refusal of radiotherapy after 720 cGy in one, 78 patients were analyzed. The immunohistochemistry for COX-2 was conducted with an autostainer (BenchMark; Ventana, Tucson, AZ, USA). An image analyzer (TissueMine; Bioimagene, Cupertino, CA, USA) was used for analysis after scanning (ScanScope; Aperio, Vista, CA, USA). A survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan Meier method and significance was evaluated using the log rank test. Results: COX-2 was stained positively in 62 patients (79.5%) and negatively in 16 (20.5%). A total of 6 (7.7%), 15 (19.2%), and 41 (52.6%) patients were of grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively for COX-2 expression. No correlation was found between being positive of COX-2 patient characteristics, which include age (<60-year old vs. $\geq$60), sex, operation methods (abdominoperineal resection vs. lower anterior resection), degrees of differentiation, tumor size (<5 cm vs. $\geq$5 cm), T stages, N stages, and stages (IIIa, IIIb, IIIc). The 5-year overall and 5-year disease free survival rates for the entire patient population were 57.0% and 51.6%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates for the COX-2 positive and negative patients were 53.0% and 72.9%, respectively (p=0.146). Further, the 5-year disease free survival rates for the COX-2 positive and negative patients were 46.3% and 72.7%, respectively (p=0.118). The 5-year overall survival rates were significantly different (p<0.05) for the degree of differentiation, N stage, and stage, whereas the 5-year disease free survival rates were significant for N stage and stage. Conclusion: Being positive for and the degree of COX-2 expression did not have a significant influence on the survival of rectal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis. However, N stage and stage did significantly influence the rateof survival. Further analysis of a greater sample size is necessary for the verification of the effect of COX-2 expression on the survival of rectal cancer patients with lymph node involvement.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was designed to describe outcomes of pain management, to identify pain intensity, pain management and barriers to pain management, and to test correlation among the variables in cancer patients who are registered in public health centers. Methods: By using a descriptive survey design, 3 instruments were used to collect data: the Numeric Rating Scale for pain, the Barriers Questionnaire-Korean version, and a one-item self-report tool about patient satisfaction. A sample of 190 patients with cancer was recruited from a public health center. Results: The mean rating for pain during the past 24 hours was mild and the mean score of barriers to pain management was 3.20. Patients were satisfied with pain management but they also had concerns it. A negative correlation was found among pain severity, pain relief and satisfaction of pain management. However, there was not significant correlation between the patient-related barriers to pain management and other variables. Conclusion: These results suggest that the intervention for cancer patients should focus not only on patient-related barriers to pain management, but also address health-care system related barriers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2001

배경: 폐암발생에 EGF의 자가 분비는 암의 성장과정에 직, 간접적인 영향을 주고 있으며, TNF-$\alpha$는 면역 반응의 급성체로서 폐암의 발생을 억제하고 이미 발생한 폐암종의 치료에도 이용되고 있는 실정이다. 폐암 조직과 혈장에서 epidermal growth factor(EGF)와 tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$)를 면역 방사선 분석법을 이용하여 정량분석 하여 발현 정도를 분석해보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 폐암환자 20례와 양성종양 및 육아종 환자 4례에 대해서 AJCCS에 의한 조직학적 분류와 TNM 분류에 따라 구분하여 절제수술을 받은 환자를 대상으로 수술전 혈액을 채취하고 수술직후 적출한 표본을 암이 없는 건강하다고 판단되는 대조조직과 폐암조직에서 일정량의 조직을 절취하여 액화질소 내에 실험시까지 급속 냉동보관 하였다. 수술후 혈액을 재 채취하여 혈장을 분리하여 냉동고에 검사시까지 보관하였다. EGF의 정량은 Human Epidermal Growth Factor kit(Amersham Phamacia Biotech, England)를 사용하였으며, TNF-$\alpha$ 정량은 TNF-$\alpha$ IRMA kit(Biosouce, Belgium)을 사용하여 IRMA 방법으로 각각 정량분석하여 표현유무를 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 결과: 1. 대조조직, 양성종양 및 육아종과 폐암 수술전후의 조직과 혈청 모두에서 EGF와 TNF-$\alpha$가 발현되었다. 2. EGF와 TNF-$\alpha$의 농도는 대조조직과 양성종양(0.11$\pm$0.06 ng/ml, 20,3$\pm$9.08 pg/ml)에 비하여 폐암조직(0.13$\pm$0.05 ng/ml, 34.34$\pm$47.74pg/ml)에서 유의하게 높은 농도가 발현되고 있었다. 3. 폐암중 선암조직에서 특히 TNF-$\alpha$(80.92$\pm$104.08 ng/ml)의 발현이 강하게 나타났다. 4. 혈청내의 EGF와 TNF-$\alpha$의 발현되는 양이 조직내의 양보다도 높았다. EGF는 5.7배정도 TNF는 1.3배정도 강하게 표현되었다. 5. 폐암의 조직학적 종류에 따라서 EGF는 거의 차이가 없었으나 TNF-$\alpha$ 정량치에는 차이가 있었다. 6. TNM stage가 진행함에 따라 EGF는 농도가 증가하였고 TNF-$\alpha$는 오히려 감소하는 반대되는 교차현상이 있었다. 7. 수술직후 EGF는 증가하였으나 TNF-$\alpha$는 오히려 감소하였다. 결론: 결론적으로 저자는 암조직과 대조조직간에 EGF와 TNF-$\alpha$의 표현량의 차이가 있음을 관찰하였으며 또한 조직과 혈청사이에도 표현량에 차이가 있으며 조직보다도 오히려 혈청내의 농도가 높다는 사실을 관찰하였다. EFG와 TNF-$\alpha$는 정상조직이나 양성조직과 폐암조직 모두에서 분비작용되는 cytokines으로 세포기능에 따라 다양하게 표현이 되며 계속적인 연구로서 밝혀야만 할 과제라고 판단된다.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of hope intervention on the hope and quality of life of cancer patients staying at home. Method: The study adopted the randomized control group design. The subjects consisted of randomly selected forty cancer patients who were registered at S-Gu Public Health Center. Hope intervention which was composed of hope assessment, positive self identity formation, hope objective setting. therapeutic relationship and spiritual & transcendental process improving, and hope evaluation was provided from October 22, 2007 to November 30, 2007. Result: Hypothesis 1-1 "The experimental group that received hope intervention will have a higher score of hope than the control group", was supported(t=-3.108, p=.004). Hypothesis 1-2 "The experimental group that received hope intervention will have a higher level of hope index than the control group". was supported(t=-4.219. p=.000). Therefore, Hypothesis 1 "The experimental group that received hope intervention will have a higher level of hope than the control group" was supported. Hypothesis 2 "The experimental group that received hope intervention will have a higher level of quality of life than the control group", was not supported(t=-1.726, p=.092). Conclusion: Hope intervention is an effective nursing intervention to enhance hope for patients with cancer staying at home.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.62-63
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• 2000

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.163-177
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of quality of life (QOL) for terminal cancer patients admitted into the community health center, and to establish a hypothetical model to explain and verify causative relationships among the variables. Methods: Data were collected from January 2015 to June 2016. Participants were 237 registered patients in Busan Metropolitan City hospice & palliative care center. The descriptive and correlation statistics were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 24.0, and the structural equation modeling procedure was performed using the AMOS 24.0 program. Results: The results of this study showed that the physical symptoms of terminal cancer patients were the most direct factors affecting the QOL, and satisfaction with health care services has a direct effect on the QOL. Conclusions: The study contributes to drawing up measures to improve QOL for terminally ill cancer patients who are living in the end-of-life section of the community by revealing the causal relationship to the QOL for terminal cancer patients.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 1997

Oriental medicine as a candidate for effective cancer treatment recently gain positive concerns in fields of therapeutic oncology. that is why some herbal medicines have been empirically safer in toxicity than anticancer drugs used in western medicine, and to show excellent therapeutic efficacy in human trial. Thus, these effects by clinically applied-herbs have not yet fully demonstrated in experimental tumor model. This study was initiated to evaluate the antitumor effect of Insambaekhaptang as candidate of antitumor-herbal agent against B16 melanoma metastasized into C57BL/6 mice lung. In experiment to test whether Insambaekhaptang can directly kill cancer cells in vitro or not, Insambaekhaptang showed direct killing action in concentration or higher against B16 melanoma cells using MTT assay, and showed lower IC50. Another experiment to know whether Insambaekhaptang can inhibit growth and metastasis of cancer cell or not, Insambaekhaptang significantly inhibited Solid tumor by intraperiperal injected-melanoma and lung metastasis induced by intravenous injected-melanoma in inbred C57BL/6 mice. When quantitative survival time increasing, we could obtain results that increased 113% in treated by Insambaekhaptang. These results show that Insambaekhaptang can inhibit growth of B16 melanoma cells through various biological mechanisms.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.75-77
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• 2014

Ampulla of Vater (AOV) cancer is rare malignant tumor which arises within the vicinity of the AOV. Metastatic AOV adenocarcinoma has poor prognosis, with an overall survival rate at 2 years ranging from 5 to 10%. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute indicated that lymph node metastasis was present in as many as half of patients which were associated with poor prognosis and liver was the second most common site of distant metastasis in AOV cancer. In this case report, we describe a case of complete resolution of AOV cancer, which was already spread to retroperitoneal lymph node and liver. The patient underwent gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy for palliative aim. After 12 month of chemotherapy, image study showed partial remission, so intraoperative radiofrequency ablation therapy and pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was done. AOV cancer was completely resected and the patient was followed up without recurrence for 7 months.