• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.399-425
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• 2009

This study aims to conceptualize 'perceived disability discrimination', to evaluate the coverage of Korea's Disability Discrimination Act from the perspective of perceived discrimination, and to discuss the possibility of legal judgement on the perceived disability discrimination. As a general concept, it is the perceived discrimination that people with disabilities feel or experience any type of discrimination based on stigma, disability oppression, prejudice, or stereotype. The Korea's Disability Discrimination Act does not consider some perceived discrimination as a subject of legal judgement. Although indirect discrimination is a very good content to correct wrong social rules, values, institutions, actually, it is confronted with being remained useless. Perceived disability discrimination such as strangers' staring or benevolent disability discrimination are not included in the coverage of Korea's Disability Discrimination Act. The disability discrimination experienced by family members who has a disabled member was not a matter of current Korea's Disability Discrimination Act. Considering perceived disability discrimination, coverage of Korea's Disability Discrimination Act should be extended to the concept of discrimination against disability, not against people with disability. Based on the concept of indirect discrimination, social rules and institutions should be examined if they are discriminative or not in dealing with the matters of people with disabilities. Also, for judging perceived disability discrimination, it is necessary to use 'the standard of reasonable people with disability', which comes from judgement standard of sexual harassments. The reality of oppressive ideology against disability should be socially accepted and the social reconstruction for people with disabilities should go on.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.227-251
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to explore the characteristic of welfare for the disabled on the focus of 'Welfare Law for the Disabled' through multiple paradigm of disability. A proper understanding of disability theory requires more than a distinction between individual and social model approaches. It is also helpful to distinguish between materialist and idealist explanations. These two dimensions are used to generate a four-fold typology. In 'Welfare Law for the Disabled of 1981', individual materialist position was dominated. In 'Welfare Law for the Disabled of 1989', individual idealist position dawned to appear. In 'Welfare Law for the Disabled of 1999' which expanded diverse community services, individual idealist position was strengthened and social creationist position started to appear. Several characteristics are found out after analysis of 'Welfare Law for the Disabled of 1999'. Individual materialist position, individual idealist position, and social creationist position are mixed. Though the goal of the law is based on social creationist position, the central policies and measures are based on individual materialist position and individual idealist position. So it is necessary to amend 'Welfare Law for the Disabled' in the direction of including social creationist position and social constructionist position.

• 가정의 벗
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• v.37 no.1 s.425
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• pp.16-17
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• 2004

우울증은 슬프거나 울적한 느낌이 신체에까지 영향을 끼쳐 개인이나 사회생활에 장애를 초래하는 것을 의미한다. 한의학에서는 이를 기울(氣鬱)이라 하며 억압되고 침울한 마음으로 생리기능이 침체되는 현상으로 이해하고 있다. 우울증을 바로 알고 예방하며 즐거운 마음을 갖고 건강한 생활이 되도록 해보자.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.72-76
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• 2003

The defected ground structure (DGS ) for microstrip structure can be used to protect analog/RF signal from SSN interference of digital circuits on PCB with common ground. However, the basic DGS gives rise to undesired emissions that may interfere with nearby circuitry due to the ground discontinuity. In this paper, we have proposed the modified structure, Corrugated DGS and the method to reduce the radiation by adding the lumped resistor on the proposed Corrugated DGS.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.83-106
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• 2008

The Purpose of this study is to explore if people with intellectual disabilities can play a role as 'meaningful informants' in research process in Korea, by challenging the existing paradigm which consists of suspicion on the communication ability of people with intellectual disabilities and truthlessness of their statements, which results in ignorance on the covered life of people with intellectual disabilities. In this research, lessons which could learn through reinterpretation of my research experience are as follows. Firstly, the deficits of communication ability can be supplemented with restructuring interview instruments such as research questions, visual aids etc and adopting conversation analysis methods. Secondly, Suspicion on the truthlessness of their statements can be restructured by epistemological and methodological reinterpretation on the representation of social reality. Thirdly, the mechanism of exclusion and oppression according to the ignorance can be substituted by 'uncovering the life of people with intellectual disabilities', which can be basis of reconstructing the contents of programmes in the disability service centers and disability policies in the government. With these research results it could be argued that there needs to include people with intellectual disabilities as meaningful informants in the research projects funded by the government and also to provide people with intellectual disabilities with diverse roles in the research process by virtue of the development of qualitative research methods in the near future.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2020

The secondary health status of the disabled is more vulnerable due to the aging of the disabled, the nature of primary disabilities, and social and environmental disability suppression and stress. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the experiences of secondary disabilities of the disabled and how they responded when secondary disorders occurred. A total of 13 people with severe disabilities with secondary disabilities were interviewed in a focus group and analyzed by applying phenomenological research methods. As a result of the analysis, people with disabilities were experiencing secondary disorders due to variations in the experiences of aging and primary disorders, management problems and life accidents in the primary disorder, misunderstanding of the labor market for disorders and health, misunderstanding of risks of secondary disorders and lack of prevention. In response, people with disabilities live alternatively between body and work, body and academic, try to prevent worsening of secondary disabilities at the individual level, continue to enter the hospital, or choose a life that puts health first. While experiencing secondary disabilities, people with disabilities experienced the threat of life, recognized life as having to endure and fought to the end, acknowledged the difference between the disabled and non-disabled people, and standed aloof from their ongoing secondary disability. It also requested institutional support. Based on the results of this study, medical-level measures, institutional support measures in the labor market, and social welfare practices were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Medical Ethics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.301-315
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• 2018

Women have been entrusted with responsibility for pregnancy, childbirth, and nurturing by means of socially imposed 'maternity' along with their physical characteristics. Abortion too involves the bodies of women, and women are the ones most affected by it. However, women do not yet have the right of self-determination over their bodies. In the "pro-choice versus pro-life" abortion debate in South Korea, women's self-determination is often treated with less significance than the alleged "respect for life." Moreover, as Korea's declining fertility rate has become a serious social problem, women's perspectives on the issue of abortion have been sidelined. Yet even in this context, there is a double standard between the treatment of disabled and able-bodied women. The purpose of this study is to examine the issue of self-determination, especially for women with disabilities, from the perspective of a capability approach. The following three recommendations are proposed: (a) that the various contextual variables of disabled women are included in the concept of self-determination; (b) that a solid relationship between individuals and communities is established in order to ensure the realization of the right of self-determination for disabled women; and (c) that the discourse of "reproduction rights" (i.e. comprehensive rights of women with disabilities) be expanded.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-134
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop the Anger Response Scale(ARS), and then to use the scale in clinical practice. Methods First, a preliminary survey was conducted for 123 healthy adults to obtain 16 response items. Second, a preliminary questionnaire was completed by 258 healthy subjects. Third, a comparison was made regarding anger responses among 189 patients(59 with anxiety disorder, 72 with depressive disorder and 58 with somatoform disorder) and 258 healthy subjects. Results : Factor analysis yielded 4 subscales : aggression, irritability, avoidance and anger suppression. Reliability was computed by administering the ARS to 53 healthy subjects during a 2-week interval. Test-retest reliability for 4 subscales and the total score was significantly high, ranging between .53-.71. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for 4 subscales ranged between .62-.72, and .76 for the total score. Convergent validity was computed by correlating the 4 subscales and the total score with the total score of Aggression Questionnaire, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, anger and aggression subscale of Stress Response Inventory and hostility subscale of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The disorder group was significantly higher than normal group in scores of the avoidance and anger suppression subacale. The depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups scored significantly higher on the avoidance subscale than the normal group. Conclusion : These results indicate that the ARS is highly reliable and valid. In addition, avoidance response is likely to be a characteristic anger response of the depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2002

Objectives: Cognitive-behavioral scientists have long been interested in how a pain patient's cognition such as locus of control relates to coping and adjustment. The present study examined the relationship of locus of control orientation to pain coping strategies, psychological distress and perceived pain intensity of patients with pain. Methods : Subjects were 96 patients with pain who visited pain clinic. All patients were administered the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, and rating for perceived pain intensity, distress, and duration. Results : Correlational analysis revealed that patients who viewed outcomes as controlled by internality tended to have better ability to control and decrease pain. Also they tended to be less depressed and anxious. Regression analysis indicated that patients having a internal locus of control were more likely to use coping self-statement and reinterpreting pain sensation. Powerful others and chance locus of control orientation were predicted reliance on catastrophizing. Conclusion : The clinical implication of the present study is that cognitive factors of patients with pain such as locus of control influence emotional distress and coping. this study show that these factors should be applied to cognitive behavioral therapeutic intervention.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 1996

A theroretical study was made on the psychodynamism of somatoform disorder. Somatoform disorder is caused by a defense mechanism of somatization. Somatization is the tendency to react to stimuli(drives, defenses, and conflict between them) physically rather than psychically(Moore, 1990). Ford(1983) said it is a way of life, and Dunbar(1954) said it is the shift of psychic energy toward expression in somatic symptoms. As used by Max Shur(1955), somatization links symptom formation to the regression that may occur in response to acute and chronic conflict. In the neurotic individual psychic conflict often provokes regressive phenomena that may include somatic manifestations characteristic of an earlier developmental phase. Schur calls this resomatization. Pain is the most common example of a somatization reaction to conflict. The pain has an unconscious significance derived from childhood experiences. It is used to win love, to punish misdeeds, as well as a means to amend. Among all pains, chest pain has a special meaning. Generally speaking, 'I have pain in my chest' is about the same as 'I have pain in my mind'. The chest represent the mind, and the mind reminds us about the heart. So we have a high tendency to recognize mental pain as cardiac pain. Kellner(1990) said rage and hostility, especially repressed hostility, are important factors in somatization. In 'Psychoanalytic Observation on Cardiac Pain', psychoanalyst Bacon(1953) presented clinical cases of patients who complained of cardiac pain in a psychoanalytic session that spread from the left side of their chests down their left arms. The pain was from rage and fear which came after their desire to be loved was frustrated by the analyet. She said desires related to cardiac pain were dependency needs and aggressions. Empatic relationship and therapeutic alliances are indispensable to psychotherapy in somatoform disorder. The beginning of therapy is to discover a precipitating event from the time their symptoms have started and to help the patient understand a relation between the symptom and precipitating event. Its remedial process is to find and interpret a intrapsychic conflict shown through the symptoms of the patient. Three cases of somatoform disorder patients treated based on this therapeutic method were introduced. The firt patient, Mr. H, had been suffering from hysterical aphasia with repressed rage as ie psychodynamic cause. An interpretation related to the precipitating event was given by written communication, and he recovered from his aphasia after 3 days of the session. The second patient was a dentist in a cardiac neurosis with agitation and hypochondriasis, whose psychodynamism was caused by a fear that he might lose his father's love. His symptom was also interpreted in relation to the precipitating event. It showed the patient a child-within afraid of losing his father's love. His condition improved after getting a didactic interpretation which told him, to be master of himself, The third patient was a lady transferred from the deparment of internal medicine. She had a frequent and violent fit of chest pains, whose psychodynamic cause was separation anxiety and a rage due to the frustration of dependency needs. Her symptom vanished dramatically when she wore a holler EKG monitor and did not occur during monitoring. By this experience she found her symptom was a psychogenic one, and a therapeutic alliance was formed. later in reguar psychotherapy sessions, she was told the relaton between symptoms and precipitating events. Through this she understood that her separation anxiety was connected to the symptom and she became less terrifide when it occurred. Now she can travel abroad and take well part in social activities.