• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 2002

'Probiotics' as a live microbial feed supplementation which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its microbial balance and it is known to as a substitue for antibiotics in livestock feed industry. Lactic acid bacteria as a Lactobacillus sp. is formed acid and decrease pH in gastro-intestine that is result in suppress harmful microorganism. Lactobacillus sp. also produces vitamin and a variety amino acids. Yeast as a saccharomyces sp. secretes digestive enzymes, decreases ammonia emission and increases feed palatability by alcohol and glutamic acid. The effects of dietary probiotics in monogastric animals that improve weight gain and feed efficiency ratio and decrease diarrhea accurence frequency in pigs. Also, probiotics increase egg production ratio and beneficial microorganisms in laying hens. In broiler, they have more gain weight and lower blood cholesterol concentrations by probiotics. However, the other study reported probiotics supplementation in animal diets has no effect on ADG, G/F or performance. Thus, future study in these area will allow for more efficient use of the probiotics, selection of more superior microorganism and development of more efficient environment-friendly probiotics like a photosynthetic bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.252-260
• /
• 2009

Whereas the numbers of childcare centers and kindergartens are increasing rapidly, systematic management to control the food safety of foodservice operation is not yet well established. Samples from 12 centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were collected to assess the microbiological quality of 32 raw materials, 24 cooked foods, 76 food-contact surfaces (knives, cutting boards, dish towels and gloves), 17 employees' hands and 12 air-borne bacteria. The microbiological analyses were performed for aerobic plate counts (APC), Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli and 7 pathogens (B. cereus, C. jejuni, C. perfringens, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., S. aureus, and V. parahaemolyticus). Among raw materials, E. coli ($1.39{\sim}2.08\;\log\;CFU/g$) were detected in 4 out of 6 meats and 7.46 log CFU/g of APC in tofu. High enterobacteriaceae levels of 4.23, 5.14 and 4.19 log CFU/g were found in cucumber salad, steamed spinach with seasonings and steamed bean sprout with seasonings, respectively. No pathogens were found in all samples except for C. perfringens detected from raw spinach and raw lotus root. Only APC and enterobacteriaceae were found in food-contact surfaces. Two of the 23 knives and three of the 24 kitchen boards showed over 500 CFU/$100\;cm^2$ of APC; also, APC levels (5.03 to 5.44 log CFU/g) were detected in 4 of the 12 dish towels. Only one glove showed Enterobacteriaceae (2.44 log CFU/glove) contamination. Enterobacteriaceae were found in 2 employees' hands ($2.37{\sim}4.44\;\log\;CFU$/hand) among the 16 employees. The contamination levels of air-borne bacteria were shown unacceptable in two (2.25 and 2.30 log CFU/petri-film/15 min) out of the 12 kitchen areas. These results suggest that the microbiological hazards in some foods and environments are not well controlled and thus a guideline should be provided to ensure the food safety in childcare center and kindergarten foodservice operations.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.747-753
• /
• 2019

Cognitive decline is characterized by reduced long-/short-term memory and attention span, and increased depression and anxiety. Such decline is associated with various degenerative brain disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The increases in elderly populations suffering from cognitive decline create social problems and impose economic burdens, and also pose safety threats; all of these problems have been extensively researched over the past several decades. Possible causes of cognitive decline include metabolic and hormone imbalance, infection, medication abuse, and neuronal changes associated with aging. However, no treatment for cognitive decline is available. In neurodegenerative diseases, changes in the gut microbiota and gut metabolites can alter molecular expression and neurobehavioral symptoms. Changes in the gut microbiota affect memory loss in AD via the downregulation of NMDA receptor expression and increased glutamate levels. Furthermore, the use of probiotics resulted in neurological improvement in an AD model. PD and gut microbiota dysbiosis are linked directly. This interrelationship affected the development of constipation, a secondary symptom in PD. In a PD model, the administration of probiotics prevented neuron death by increasing butyrate levels. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been identified in AD and PD. Increased BBB permeability is also associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, which led to the destruction of microtubules via systemic inflammation. Notably, metabolites of the gut microbiota may trigger either the development or attenuation of neurodegenerative disease. Here, we discuss the correlation between cognitive decline and the gut microbiota.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.12
• /
• pp.1079-1087
• /
• 2021

To analyze gut microbiota of livestock in Korea and compare taxonomic differences, we conducted 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis through next-generation sequencing. Fecal samples from broiler chickens, pigs, and cattle were collected from domestic feedlots randomly. α-diversity results showed that significant differences in estimated species richness estimates (Chao1 and ACE, Abundance-based coverage estimators) and species richness index (OUTs, Operational taxonomic units) were identified among the three groups. However, NPShannon, Shannon, and Simpson indices revealed that abundance and evenness of the species were statistically significant only for poultry (broiler chickens) and mammals (pigs and cattle). Firmicutes was the most predominant phylum in the three groups of fecal samples. Linear discriminant (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis was conducted to reveal the ranking order of abundant taxa in each of the fecal samples. A size-effect over 2.0 on the logarithmic LDA score was used as a discriminative functional biomarker. As shown by the fecal analysis at the genus level, broiler chickens were characterized by the presence of Weissella and Lactobacillus, as well as pigs were characterized by the presence of provetella and cattele were characterized by the presence of Acinetobacter. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed that differences of microbial clusters among three groups were significant at the confidence level. (p=0.001). This study provides basic data that could be useful in future research on microorganisms associated with performance growth, as well as in studies on the livestock gut microbiome to increase productivity in the domestic livestock industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1992.05a
• /
• pp.23-23
• /
• 1992

횐 쥐에서 sulfotransferase 양성균주를 검색한 결과 호기성 조건보다는 혐기성 조건의 균이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 곁과는 장내미생물의 대부분이 혐기성균이라는 것과도 일치하는 것이다. 검색용 배지에서 형광을 나타내는 Sulfotransferase를 생산하는 4개 균주에서 가장 활성이 높은 k-36균주에 대하여 동정하였다. K-36 균주는 혐기적 및 호기적 양조건에서 잘 자라는 통성혐기성균이고, Gas를 생산하며 포자를 생성하지 않는 Gram음성의 간균이었다. 이것으로 보아 이균은 Enterobacteriacease의 Klebsiella oxytoca 로 동정했다. K-36에서 분리한 Sulfotransferase의 반응양식은 p-nitrophenylsulfate와 p-nitrophenol이 반응시간과 함께 동량씩 감소하여 반응 생성물인 phenylsulfate와 p-nitrophenol을 생성시켰으며 sulfatase 반응은 진행되지 않았다.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.248-255
• /
• 2019

This research confirmed the diversity and characterization of gut microorganisms isolated from the intestinal organs of Muraenesox cinereus, collected on the Samcheonpo Coast and Seocheon Coast in South Korea. To isolate strains, Marine agar medium was basically used and cultivated at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH7 for several days aerobically. After single colony isolation, totally 49 pure single-colonies were isolated and phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on the result of 16S rRNA gene DNA sequencing, indicating that isolated strains were divided into 3 phyla, 13 families, 15 genera, 34 species and 49 strains. Proteobacteria phylum, the main phyletic group, comprised 83.7% with 8 families, 8 genera and 26 species of Aeromonadaceae, Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Shewanellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Morganellaceae, Moraxellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Vibrionaceae. To confirm whether isolated strain can produce industrially useful enzyme or not, amylase, lipase, and protease enzyme assays were performed individually, showing that 39 strains possessed at least one enzyme activity. Especially the Aeromonas sp. strains showed all enzyme activity tested. This result indicated that isolated strains have shown the possibility of the industrial application. Therefore, this study has contributed for securing domestic genetic resources and the expansion of scientific knowledge of the gut microbial community in Muraenesox cinereus of South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 2003

Feeding probiotics in broiler chicks still critical in several aspects. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of feeding multiple probiotics on performance, intestinal microflora, blood cholesterol and ND antibody vaccine titer in broiler chicks. Three hundred twenty one day old male broiler chicks(cobb ${\times}$ cobb) were divided into four levels of multiple probiotics(0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3%) with five replicates for 35 days. Basal diets contained 21.5, 19.0% CP and 3,100 kcal/kg ME for starting and finishing period, respectively. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were measured weekly. The number of Salmonella, E. coli, Lactobacillus, and yeast were examined from ileum and cecum at the end of experiment. ND vaccine titer, cholesterol were detected from sera. Weight gain of birds fed probiotics were 669.33, 679.75 at the level of 0.1 and 0.2% supplemental groups for starting period. It was also improved in those treatments for finishing period and higher than control for total period. Feed conversion tended to be improved compared to that of control by the supplementation of probiotics for the first three weeks and seemed to show the similar tendency for the rest of two weeks. It was 1.611, 1.621 for the entire feeding period and improved compared with control. Total salmonella, was not decreased in ileal digesta of birds fed the probiotics compared with control, whereas the number of yeast increased in 0.1% treatment. However, the number of Lactobacillus and yeast in cecum was higher than control. Even though the blood cholesterol seem to high in 0.1% probiotics treatment, the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol showed higher than control. ND vaccine titer of birds fed probiotics were significantly higher than control (P<0.05). These results 0.1% multiple probiotics would be possible to improve the performance of broiler chicks and ND vaccine titer.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 1999

The effects of Bifidobacterium longum HY8001 supplement intake on the fecal microflora and fecal bacterial enzyme activity were studied in ten healthy human volunteers, before, during and after intake (respectively for 3 weeks). During intake of B. longum HY8001 supplement, fecal, $\beta$-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities significantly decreased 44.6%(p<0.005) and 32.3%(p<0.01), respectively. Although numbers of major bacterial groups of fecal microflora were not affected by B. longum HY8001 intake for 3 weeks, the number of Bifidobacterium was significantly increased (p<0.05). This result indicates that intake of B. longum HY8001 might be potentially beneficial for the prevention and inhibition of colon cancer and improvement of human intestinal microflora composition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.111-112
• /
• 2003

스테비오사이드를 추출하고 폐기되는 스테비아 부산물의 사료적 가치를 구명하기 위하여 육계사료에 수준별로 급여하여 육계의 생산성, 혈중 콜레스테롤, 장내 미생물 및 계육의 지방산에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다 사료내 영양소 함량은 사육 전기와 후기에 각각 CP 21.5 ％, ME 3,100 kca1/kg와 CP 19 ％, ME 3,100 kcal/kg 수준으로 급여하였다. 처리구는 스테비아 부산물 0, 2, 4, 8 ％ 수준으로 하였고, 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 16수로 총 256수를 공시하였다. 본 시험의 결과, 사육 전기 3주간의 증체량은 스테비아 부산물 8 ％ 급여구가 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으나 후기 2주간에는 차이가 없었다. 또한 전체 사육기간의 증체량에서도 스테비아 8 ％ 급여구는 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 총 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 스테비아 부산물 급여구와 대조구 사이에서 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 스테비아 부산물의 급여가 장내 미생물의 변화에 미치는 영향은 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 맹장의 Salmonella, E coli는 감소하고 Lactobacillus 및 Yeast는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방에서도 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 또한 스테비아 부산물을 급여하여 생산된 가슴육의 지방산 함량에서도 차이가 없었다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
• /
• v.33 no.8 s.382
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 2001

건강한 닭은 병원성 미생물에 대하여 자연적인 저항성을 가지고 있다. 이것은 숙주상태와 장관사이에 서로 밀접한 협력장치가 있기 때문이며 건강한 병아리는 부화된 후 지속적으로 장관내에서 정상적인 세균총을 형성한다.