• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.135-141
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• 2001

Of hot-water extracts prepared from 10 herbal components of Sip-Jeon-Dae-Bo-Tang, Atractylodes lancea DC. (ALR) and Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG) showed the most potent bone marrow cell proliferation activity through intestinal immune system whereas other extracts did not have the activity except for Astragalus membranacues Bunge (ASR) and Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa (AR) having low activity. Especially, ALR had the potent activity irrespective of classes of ALR, a place of production and the condition of breeding. In addition, we found that hot-water extract from Atractylodes lancea DC rhizomes (ALR-0) contributed mainly to Peyer's patch cells mediated-hematopoietic response of Sip-Jeon-Dae-Bo-Tang. ALR-0 was further fractionated into MeOH-soluble fraction (ALR-1), MeOH-insoluble and EtOH-soluble fraction (ALR-2), and the crude polysaccharide fraction (ALR-3). Among these fractions, only ALR-3 showed potent stimulating activity for proliferation of bone marrow cells mediated by Peyer's patch cells, dose-dependently. In treatments of ALR-3 with $NaIO_4,\;NaClO_2$ and pronase, all significantly reduced the intestinal immune system modulating activity of ALR-3, and the activity of ALR-3 was much affected by $NaIO_4$ oxidation particularly. These results reveal that macromolecules, such as polysaccharide, rather than low-molecular-weight substances, are the potent intestinal immune system modulating compound of ALR.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.535-543
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• 2010

장관은 우리 몸에서 가장 넓은 표면적을 가지고 있으며, 외부로부터 침입하는 이물에 대항하여 면역세포의 배치가 필수적이다. 항원과 만난 적이 없는 naive lymphocyte는 임파절 등 2차 임파기관의 수지세포(dendritic cell)가 임파구에 항원을 제시할 때 레티노인산(retinoic acid)을 생산하여 제공함으로써, 소장 조직에 특이적으로 임파구가 호밍(homing)하는 능력을 부여한다. 한편, 장에 있어서는 식품항원에 대한 면역반응을 억제할 필요가 있는데, RA는 T세포의 기능분화를 억제하여 면역관용의 성립에도 관여함이 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.356-362
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• 2010

When pine (Pinus densiflora) needles were fractionated into cold water (PD-CW), hot water (PD-HW) and methanol extract (PD-M), PD-M showed potent simulating activity (1.19-fold of the saline control) for proliferation of bone marrow cells mediated by Peyer's patch cells in vitro. MeOH extracts were prepared by homogenization, stirring or reflux to identify the method of methanol extraction, and MeOH extract by reflux method showed significantly highest intestinal immune system modulating activity (1.30-fold) in vitro. The intestinal immune system modulating effect of orally administered PD-M fractionated from pine needles also were studied in mice. Analyzing intestinal immune system modulating activity mediated Peyer's patch cells from C3H/He mice which had been fed with PD-M at different doses for 7 days, 1.0 g/kg of BW/day indicated that the bone marrow cells had proliferated (3.65-fold of 3% EtOH administered group). In addition, the amounts of IL-6 in the culture supernatant of Peyer's patch cells at 1.0 g/kg of BW/day were increased (1.13-fold) whereas the production of GM-CSF was not dose dependent. These results indicate that oral administration of PD-M enhances the secretion of hematopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF and IL-6 from Peyer's patch cells, and these cytokines also act on modulator of bone marrow cell proliferation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.747-755
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• 1996

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the GIT and pancreas of the Korean mole. Seven kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. Although 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the GIT, they were most predominant in the pyloric gland region. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were restricted on the large intestine. Bovine CG-immunoreactive cells were more frequent in the stomach than in the intestines which were not detected in the duodenum. Numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were found in the pyloric gland region, but rarely in the jejunum and ileum. BPP-immunoreactive cells were observed to be rare in the stomach and ileum but were a few in number in the intestines. In the pancreas, four types, namely, glucagon-, somatostatin-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive cells were identified in the pancreatic islets and exocrine portion. These results suggest that although endocrine cells of the Korean mole is less abundant in the duodenum, the distribution pattern of its gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells is similar to that reported for the Korean hedgehog.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.285.2-285.2
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.378-383
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• 2016

The glasswort is an edible halophyte demonstrating various physiological effects including anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, the effects of glasswort extracts on inflammatory events and interactions of THP-1 monocytes with intestinal epithelial cells were investigated. Five solvent fractions, including the ethylether fraction (Fr.E), were prepared from a 70% methanol extract of glasswort. THP-1 monocytes underwent differentiation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment and were then activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. None of the glasswort fractions tested alone induced COX-2 in differentiated THP-1 cells. Fr.E, however, enhanced LPS-induced COX-2 expression in differentiated THP-1 cells. Culture media of THP-1 cells treated with each fraction stimulated the growth of normal intestinal INT-407 cells more prominently than that of HT-29 colon cancer cells. COX-2 expression in HT-29 cells was inhibited when the cells were exposed to the THP-1 culture medium treated with Fr.E. Thus, glasswort could modulate the interaction between immune cells and intestinal cells.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.450-457
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• 1984

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2015

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2014

To characterize novel biologically-active ingredients in traditional Korean soy sauces, polysaccharide fractions were isolated from two different soy sauces made either commercially (CSP-0) or through a traditional Korean process (KTSP-0), after which their intestinal immune-modulating activities were examined. CSP-0 and KTSP-0 showed enhanced production of interleukine-6 (IL-6) in culture supernatant of Peyer's patch cells. However, KTSP-0 activity was more potent than that of CSP-0. Only KTSP-0 increased in vitro immunoglobulin A (IgA) production by Peyer's patch cells in a dose-dependent manner. KTSP-0 also showed the higher bone marrow cell proliferation activity through Peyer's patch cells than that of the CSP-0 group. To investigate the in vivo effects on the intestinal immune system, CSP-0 and KTSP-0 were administered orally to four experimental groups of mice (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/mouse/day, 30 days). Oral administration of CSP-0 and KTSP-0 induced IgA production by Peyer's patch cells and increased IgA excretion into mouse stools in a dose-dependent manner. Peyer's patch cells from the mice administered both CSP-0 and KTSP-0 showed significantly higher IL-6 production than that of the untreated or CSP-0 groups. However, oral administration of KTSP-0 was more effective at the same dosage. KTSP-0 administration augmented IL-6 content in mouse sera, whereas CSP-0 did not show any effect on IL-6 induction. The above data lead us to conclude that the intestinal immune-stimulating activities of polysaccharides from Korean traditional soy sauce are much better than those of commercial ones.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.369-379
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• 1993

The regional distribution and the relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied in nine portions of the blue fox GI tract, and the distribution pattern and cell types of the pancreatic endocrine cells were also studied in the pancreas by immunohistochemical method. Six kinds of immunoreactive cells were identified in the GI tract, and four kinds of immunoreactive cells were also identified in the pancreas. Although numerous 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughtout the GI tract, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were a few in the intestine. Very numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were restricted generally in the pyloric region and duodenum. Numerous glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and generally a few in the intestine. Moderate number of BPP-immunoreactive cells were found in the stomach except the pyloric region, and a few in the large intestine. Numerous porcine CG-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the cardiac and fundic region. In the pancreas, four types of pancreatic endocrine cells-somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP- and insuline-immunoreactive-were identified in the pancreatic islet and exocrine portion. These results suggest that the regional distribution, the relative frequencies and cell types of the GEP endocrine cells in the GI tract and pancreas varies considerably among the species.