• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.3 s.47
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• pp.146-153
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• 2006

A performance test of the stainless steel based sintered metal filter was conducted on the low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) vitrification process. The applicability of the metal filter was based on the test results as well. The baseline pressure drop of the metal filter was evaluated similar to the ceramic filter. During the test, when the flow rate of off-gas was $110Nm^{3}/h$, the total baseline pressure drop was shown as $92mmH_{2}O$. The total pressure drop was attributed to the filter media and the residual dust layer and the value of each was $25mmH_{2}O\;and\;67mmH_{2}O$ respectively. The SEM-EDS spectrum and micrograph of the metal filter specimen showed, no corrosion and no physical damage both at the skin membrane and at the support layer. And most of the baseline pressure drop was caused by the deposition of dust on the surface of the membrane. In conclusion, even though the filter exposure time was short at the test, the performance of the stainless steel based metal filter was acceptable for the treatment of LILW vitrification process.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Pressurized fluidized bed combustion unit is operated at pressures of 1~1.5 MPa with combustion temperatures of 850~87$0^{\circ}C$. The pressurized coal combustion system heats steam, in conventional heat transfer tubing, and produces a hot gas supplied to a gas turbine. Gas cleaning is a vital aspect of the system, as is the ability of the turbine to cope with some residual solids. The need to pressurize the feed coal, limestone and combustion air, and to depressurize the flue gases and the ash removal system introduces some significant operating complications. The proportion of power coming from the steam : gas turbines is approximately 80:20%. Pressurized fluidized bed combustion and generation by the combined cycle route involves unique control considerations, as the combustor and gas turbine have to be properly matched through the whole operating range. The gas turbines are rather special, in that the maximum gas temperature available from the FBC is limited by ash fusion characteristics. As no ash softening should take place, the maximum gas temperature is around 90$0^{\circ}C$. As a result a high pressure ratio gas turbine with compression intercooling is used. This is to offset the effects of the relatively low temperature at the turbine inlet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2011

전류를 흘렸을 때 양극과 음극에 따라 움직이는 미세한 나노입자를 이용하여 색, 글자, 그림 등을 표시하는 응용디스플레이 기술이 전기영동디스플레이(electrophoretic display)이다. 최근 전자종이 등 상품화가 진행되면서 전기영동디스플레이에 대한 관심증대와 함께 기술개발이 지속적으로 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 분산중합을 이용하여 $TiO_2$ core 입자에 polystyrene을 shell로 코팅하여 마이크로캡슐형의 전기영동디스플레이에 적합한 입자를 제조하고 성능을 분석하였다. 먼저 분산제의 종류, 모노머의 농도, 개시제의 농도에 따라 제조된 대전복합입자의 크기 및 분포를 보면, 분산제의 종류를 달리 하였을때를 제외하고 대체로 균일하였다. 입경의 변화를 보면, 약 200-300nm의 $TiO_2$가 개질에 의해 400-500nm의 입경을 나타내는 것으로부터 200nm 두께의 shell층을 갖는다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 분산제의 종류에 따라서는 분산제를 사용하지 않는 경우가 오히려 제조된 입자의 분포가 균일함을 알 수 있었고 모노머의 농도에 따른 변화는 볼 수 없었으며 입경분포가 균일한 입자가 제조되었음을 알 수 있었다. 대전복합입자의 TGA 곡선으로부터 $300^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 polystrene shell에 의한 분해를 볼 수 있었고 $600^{\circ}C$ 이후에 잔류된 core의 $TiO_2$ 입자를 확인 할 수 있었다. 이 결과로부터 $TiO_2$ core-polystyrene shell형의 전자 종이용 대전복합입자의 제조를 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 제조된 대전복합입자의 zeta potential을 보면, (+)전하를 띄며 64.8mV의 비교적 높은 zeta potential을 가지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그리고 $TiO_2$ 대전복합입자와 같은 방법으로 제조된 흑색 대전복합입자를 혼합하여 cell test를 측정한 결과, cell에 ${\pm}$10V의 저전압을 가했을 때에도 비교적 응답속도가 빠른 입자의 구동현상을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.294-305
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• 2008

This study was focused on the investigation of the effects of membrane module configuration and the temperature of feed retentate flowing along with module length on membrane performance through model simulation. A simulation model of pervaporative dehydration through membrane module assemble in which a number of unit modules are connected in parallel or in series has been established. In this study, ethanol/water mixture was used as model mixture. Some of permeation parameters in the model were quantified directly from the real dehydration pervaporation of ethanol through a lab-made membrane. By adopting the coefficients determined empirically the simulation model could be of more practical value. The simulation of pervaporation with two basic module configurations, that is, parallel connection and series connection, could present the importance of process parameters such as feed rate, module connection mode, number of stages, and inter-stage heating.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.7-17
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a single antenna SSD(simultaneous single band duplex) system using turbo equalizer. The proposed system communicates simultaneously on single band. That is the proposed system is full-duplex system. The proposed system uses balanced feed network circuit to improve isolation in single antenna structure. Also, the proposed system uses RF(radio frequency) cancellation and digital cancellation to cancel self-interference. Additionally, the proposed system uses turbo equalizer to equalize ISI(inter-symbol interference) by harsh multipath fading and to collect bit errors by residual self-interference signals. By using turbo equalizer, the proposed system guarantees QoS(quality of service). In this paper, we uses Simulink simulation program to analyze performance of the proposed system. The simulation results confirm that proposed system can communicate simultaneously by using balanced feed network, RF cancellation, digital cancellation and turbo equalizer in harsh multipath channel on single band.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.7 no.4 s.26
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• pp.203-210
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• 2005

The penetration and viscosity tests have been used for the evaluation of the aged asphalt binder performance change. The improved test method has been required because the conventional tests could not evaluate the viscoelastic characteristics and the real behaviour of the aged asphalt binder. The conventional test methods using a different short term aged asphalt binder were tested and the test results were expressed as the penetration index and the residual penetration. The oscillatory and rotational mode tests were performed to find out the rheological characteristics of the short term aged asphalt binder in this study. The test results showed that the change of testing frequency, the speed of the vehicle effects the complex modules and phase angles. The creep compliance and shear viscosity also showed the different test results when the short term aged asphalt binders were tested. The rheological behavior should consider when the pavement design is conducted.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.360-365
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• 2014

Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide(VPHP) has been used as a sterilant in the field of medical and pharmaceutical application due to low corrosive than chlorine contained sterilant. In addition, it is well known that VPHP is effective for decontamination of chemical warfare agents by adding ammonia gas. In this study, the decontamination efficiency was confirmed about CEPS, DFP and dimethoate as simulants of HD, GD and VX using VPHP respectively. For this purpose, VPHP generated from self configured device was injected into decontamination chamber and maintained for reaction time. After the decontamination, the residues are analyzed by GC/MS and decontamination efficiency was calculated. Through by-product for each simulants, the similarities in reaction mechanism of chemical warfare agents were confirmed. CEPS was completely decontaminated at 30% relative humidity within 60 min. By adding ammonia gas, DFP and dimethoate were completely decontaminated within 30 and 150 min respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

A 12b 10MS/s pipelined ADC with low DC gain amplifiers is presented. The pipelined ADC using a reference scaling technique is proposed to compensate the gain error in MDACs due to a low DC gain amplifier. To minimize the performance degradation of the ADC due to amplifier offset, the proposed offset trimming circuit is employed m the first-stage MDAC amplifier. Additional reset switches are used in all MDACs to reduce the memory effect caused by the low DC gain amplifier. The measured differential and integral non-linearities of the prototype ADC with 45dB DC gain amplifiers are less than 0.7LSB and 3.1LSB, respectively. The prototype ADC is fabricated in a $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS process and achieves 62dB SNDR and 72dB SFDR with 2.4V supply and 10MHz sampling frequency while consuming 19mW power.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

The requirements for harsh environment electronic controllers in automotive applications have been steadily becoming more and more stringent. Electronic substrate technologists have been responding to this challenge effectively in an effort to meet the performance, reliability and cost requirements. An effect of the plasma cleaning at the ECM(Engine Control Module) alumina substrate and the intermetallic compound layer between Sn-37wt%Pb solder and pad joints after reflow soldering has been studied. Organic residual carbon layer was removed by the substrate plasma cleaning. So the interfacial adhesive strength was enhanced. As a result of AFM measurement, conductor pad roughness were increased from 304 nm to 330 nm. $Cu_6/Sn_5$ formed during initial reflow process at the interface between TiWN/Cu pad and solder grew by the succeeding reflow process, so the grains became coarse. A cellular-shaped $Ag_3Sn$ was observed at the interface between Ag-Pd conductor pad and solder. The diameters of the $Ag_3Sn$ grains ranged from about 0.1∼0.6 $\mu\textrm{m}$. And a needle-shaped was also observed at the inside of the solder.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

A five mirror system with a reduction magnification(M=+1/5) is designed for DUV optical lithography. First, for spherical mirror systems, the numerical solutions of all zero 3rd order aberrations are derived and the 3-dimensional shape of the solution-domain is obtained. In these solutions, we select solutions which have as less residual aberrations and smaller central obscurration as possible and the aspherization is carried out to the last two spherical mirrors to obtain a system that has as higher NA as possible. Finally we obtain the system of which NA is 0.45, the central obscuration is about 25% and the resolution is about 650 cycles/mm at the 50% MTF value criterion and the depth of focus of 0.8${\mu}m$ for the nearly incoherent illumination (${\sigma}$=1.0) and the wavelength of 0.193${\mu}m$ (ArF excimer laser line).