• Title/Summary/Keyword: 잔류분

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Adsorption and Volatilization of 2,4-D, Dicamba and MCPP in Soils (토양중 2,4-D, Dicamba 및 MCPP의 흡착과 휘발에 관한 연구)

  • ;Atalay, Asmare
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.72-79
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    • 1997
  • 본 실험은 제초제인 2,4-D, dicamba, 및 MCPP의 토양에서의 이동을 확인하고 평가하기 위하여 토양종류에 따른 이들 제초제의 흡착과 휘발을 일정시간 동안 조사하였다. 제초제의 토양중 흡착은 batch isotherm으로 조사하였는데, MCPP와 2,4-D는 Freundlich식에서 직선으로 나타났으며, dicamba는 곡선으로 나타났다. Silty clay 토양에서 MCPP의 K$_d$ 및 K$_{fr}$값이 가장 높았으며, loamy sand 토양에서는 dicamba의 K$_d$, K$_{fr}$값이 가장 낮았다. 전반적으로 silty clay 토양에서 K$_d$, K$_{fr}$값이 높았고 N값은 낮았다. 토양에 살포된 제초제의 약 40%가 처리 25일 경과시 휘발되거나 분해되었으며, 이들 제초제중 2,4-D가 dicamba와 MCPP에 비하여 분해 및 휘발속도가 빨랐다. 모든 토양에서 이들 제초제의 분해 및 휘발속도는 공기에 노출된 초기에 현저하게 빠른 것으로 나타나고 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 자연환경중에서 이들 제초제의 이동 및 잔류 현황을 예견하는데 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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Tissue Distribution after dipping administration of Oxytetracycline and Tetracycline in Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and Red sea bream (Pagrus major) (Oxytetracycline과 Tetracycline의 약욕에 따른 양식어류 (넙치, 조피볼락, 참돔)의 조직내 잔류량의 변화)

  • Lee, Hu-Jang;Kim, Suk;Ha, Ji-Young;Kang, Seok-Jung;Jung, Won-Cheol;Chung, Hee-Sik;Heo, Sung-Hyek;Shin, Yong-Woon;Kim, Kyoung-Won;Kim, Dae-Geun
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.155-164
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    • 2006
  • Tissue distribution and residue depletion of oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline (TC) following dipping administration were evaluated in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and red sea bream (Pagrus major) under field conditions. Fishes were held in floating cages placed in sea water and fed a commercial diet for 15 days to acclimate to a new surrounding. Fishes were dipped in OTC 50 g/ton water for 30min and TC 18 g/ton water for 5 hours. Blood and muscle were sampled from fishes on 0th, 1th, 2th, 3th, and 5th day after administration. After solid-phase extraction, OTC and TC analyses were carried out by HPLC. The recovery rate of OTC in serum and muscle samples was 71-77% and 78-84%, respectively. Also, the recovery rate of TC in serum and muscle samples was 70-79% and 73-78%, respectively. The results of recovery rate were similar to previous studies reported. At the termination of dipping administration of OTC and TC, residue concentration in muscle samples of rockfish was significantly higher than those of olive flounder and red sea bream. At day 5, residue concentrations of all samples were believed to decrease to lower than 0.05 mg/kg, the detection limit. The present study showed that residue concentrations of OTC and TC decreased to below 0.05 mg/kg after treatment 5th day, faster than the established withdrawal period. The tissue reside depletion time of dipping administration of OTC and TC seems to be shorter than those of oral or parenteral administration.

Acetylcholinesterase-based Biosensor for Detection of Residual Organophosphates and Carbamates Insecticides (유기인계 및 카바메이트계 농약을 측정할 수 있는 바이오 센서의 개발)

  • Kim, Young-Mee;Kim, Jin-Young;Cho, Moon-Jae;Chang Kong-Man;Hyun, Hae-Nam;Cho, Somi K.
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.315-321
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    • 2006
  • Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase(AchE), such as organophosphates and carbamates, interfere the action of AchE in nerve and may lead to a severe impairment of nerve functions or even death. Therefore, insect AchE is the biological target of predominant insecticides used in agriculture. Biosensors are sensitive and can be used as dispoisable sensors for environmental control. In recent years, the use of AchEs in biosensor technology has gained enormous attention, in particular with respect to insecticide detection. The principle of biosensors using AchE as a biological recognition element is based on the inhibition the catalytic activity by the agents to be detected. We here present a strip-type biosensor based on AchE inhibition. In this study, acetylcholinesterase and PVA-SbQ(polyvinyl alcohol functionalized with methyl pyridinium methyl sulfate) were co-immobilized on immobilone-P membranes. Immobilization of the enzymes showed a stability in 6 months without activity loss in $4^{\circ}C$ storage. Enzymes immobilized on surfaces of membrane responded to organophosphates and carbamate more sensitivitive than enzyme in solution. Organophosphates and carbamates concentrations could be detected by entrapped and surface immobilized enzymes, in 5 min. For chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cabaryl, and methidathion, the detection limits of AChE-strip were similar to that of HPLC/GC method.

Biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons by Acinetobacter sp. isolated from activated sludge (활성슬러지에서 단리한 Acinetobacter sp.에 의한 원유탄화수소분해)

  • Dong-Hyuk CHOI;Dong Hoon LEE
    • Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.97-108
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    • 2000
  • A Gram-type negative bacteria that can utilize crude oil as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from an activated sludge of a local sewage treatment plant and identified tentatively as belonging to the genus Acinetobacter. The isolate could degrade n-alkanes and unidentified hydrocarbons in crude oil and utilize n-alkanes, hydrophobic substrates, as sole carbon and energy sources. n-Alkanes from tridecane (Cl3) to triacontane (C30) in crude oil were degraded simultaneously with no difference in degradation characteristics between the two close odd and even numbered alkanes in carbon numbers. The linear growth of the isolate and the degradation characteristics of Pr-alkanes suggested that the transport of substrates from the oil phase to the site where the substrates undergo the initial oxidation in microorganism might be the rate limiting in the biodegradation process of crude oil constituents. The remainder fraction of substrates after cultivation was considered to reflect the hydrocarbon inclusions in the cell mass, characteristics in Acinetobacter species, and to control the transport of substrates from crude oil phase. On the basis of the results, the isolate was considered to play an important role in the degradation study of hydrophobic environmental pollutants.

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Performance Study of Membrane Capacitive Deionization Process Applied by Perfluoropolymer and Aminated Poly(ether imide) Ion Exchange Membranes (불소화고분자와 아민화된 폴리이서이미드 이온교환막을 적용한 축전식 탈염공정의 성능 연구)

  • Kim, Ji Seon;Jeong, Joo Hwan;Rhim, Ji Won
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.60-66
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    • 2015
  • To investigate the performance of the composite carbon electrodes which the ion exchange polymers were directly casted onto porous carbon electrode surfaces, the adsorption/desorption experiments were carried out by varying the feed concentration, feed flow rate, and desorption voltages for the NaCl solution. When the feed concentration was 100 mg/L, the increase of the adsorption time led to the increase of the salt removal due to the increase of the residence time inside the cell while the increase of the feed flow rate from 15 mL/min to 23 mL/min gave the decrease of the salt removal efficiency, 12% because of the short residence time. When the feed concentration was 200 mg/L, the salt removal was shown 10~15% low because of the incomplete desorption within the desorption intervals.

Biodegradation of Diesel in Sea Water by Rhodococcus fascians Isolated from a Petroleum-contaminated Site (유류 오염 토양에서 분리된 Rhodococcus fascians를 이용한 해수에서의 디젤유의 분해)

  • Koo, Ja-Ryong;Moon, Jun-Hyung;Yun, Hyun-Shik
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.453-457
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    • 2009
  • Contamination of marine environment with hazardous and toxic chemicals is more common these days. Bioremediation is the application of microorganism or microbial processes to degrade environmental contaminant. Because of low water solubility and volatility of diesel, bioremediation is more efficient than physical and chemical methods. The objective of this study is biodegradation of diesel in sea water by using Rhodococcus fascians which is isolated petroleum-contaminated soil. R. fascians was cultured on sea water containing diesel to determine the diesel degradability. Changes in biodegradability of diesel with various inoculum sizes, diesel concentrations, initial pH, and culture temperature were analyzed by TPH analysis using gas chromatography. The inoculum size 2% was effective for biodegrdation of diesel in sea water by R. fascians. When diesel concentration was 5%, the growth of cell was inhibited by the toxicity of diesel. The optimal temperature and initial pH for degradation of diesel in sea water were $27^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.

Bioremediation Bentazon using Minari(Oenanthe stolonifera DC.) Plant. (미나리(Oenanthe stolonifera DC.)를 이용한 Bentazon의 생물학적 분해)

  • Shin, Joung-Du;Lee, Myung-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.207-211
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    • 1997
  • Laboratory experiments were conducted to the potential ability of bioremediation with bentazon such as determining the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of $^{14}C-Bentazon$ in minari after foliar applications. The absorption and translocation of $^{14}C-bentazon$ were compared when applied to foliar of minari. In foliar applications, 21% was observed in treated leaves, 66% remained in water extracts of leaf surfaces, and 13% was found in the epicuticular wax layer after 2d. Translocation of the herbicide from treated leaves to roots was very low(79 to 9%). Analysis of methanol-soluble extracts of $^{14}C$ indicated that more than 60% of the foliarapplied herbicide was metabolized in all plant sections after 2d. However, 77% or more of the bentazon was degraded in roots and shoots 2d after root absorption. The major metabolite in these experiments was an unknown compound that was less polar than bentazon and 6- and 8-hydroxy bentazon.

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Hybrid artificial recharge for securing safe water resources (안전한 수자원 확보를 위한 Hybrid 인공함양 기법의 적용)

  • Bang, Woo-Hyuck;Yeom, Hyun;Maeng, Sung Kyu
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2020.06a
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    • pp.286-286
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    • 2020
  • 인공함양은 대수층함양관리 중 하나의 기법이며 하수처리장 방류수의 영향을 직·간접적으로 받은 물을 지하대수층에 함양하여 수질의 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 방류수의 영향으로 인해 다수의 미량유해물질들이 대수층으로 유입됨에 따라 함양 후 회수할 때 이들의 검출이 빈번해졌다. 이에 따라 이 미량유해물질의 제거를 위해 인공함양의 후속 공정으로 나노막 여과를 고려하여 인공함양과 나노막 공정을 통하여 미량유해물질의 거동을 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 인공함양 지하저수지 모사 컬럼을 설계하여 실험하였다. 서울특별시 탄천 하류에서 샘플링한 물을 원수로 사용하였으며 인공함양에 앞서 염소, 과망간산염, 오존의 3종류 산화 전처리를 통하여 그 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 함양기간은 2.5일이었으며 함양 후 나노막 장치를 통하여 최종 유출수를 획득하였다. 인공함양 결과 용존유기물은 45%~63% 수준에서 제거가 되어 인공함양시 용존유기물의 제거가 가능함을 확인하였다. 산화 전처리에 따른 동화가능유기탄소의 증가로 인하여 생분해가 주요 기작인 인공함양 처리를 통하여 동화가능유기탄소의 제거율이 유기용존탄소의 제거율에 직접적으로 영향을 주었음을 알 수 있었다. 미량유해물질로 알려진 과불화화합물의 경우 산화 전처리에 따른 제거는 관찰되지 않았으며 잔류의약물질의 경우 대상 물질의 물리·화학적 특성에 따라 산화시 제거가 가능함을 확인하였다. Iopromide와 같은 조영제의 경우 오존 산화를 통하여 98% 이상 제거되어 산화를 통한 제거가 가능함을 확인하였다. 인공함양시 과불화화합물은 분자량이 큰 PFNA, PFDA, PFOS 등이 제거되었으며 그 제거율은 각각 최대 >99%까지 도달하였다. 분자량이 작은 과불화화합물의 경우 인공함양을 통과하는 경향을 보였다. 잔류의약물질의 경우 생분해가 용이한 물질은 제거가 됨을 확인하였으며 carbamazepine 등 제거가 안 되는 물질은 제거율이 18% 미만으로 확인하였다. 나노막 여과 결과 과불화화합물이 최대 >99%까지 제거됨을 확인하였으며 미량유해물질의 경우에도 대부분의 물질이 제거됨을 확인하였다.

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Studies on Persistence of Pesticides in Soils and Crops under Polyethylene Film Mulching Culture;III. Persistence of Soil Insecticides Endosulfan, Fonofos and Ethoprophos (폴리에틸렌 멀칭재배시(栽培時) 농약(農藥)의 토양(土壤) 및 작물체중(作物體中) 잔류(殘留)에 관한 연구(硏究);제(第)3보(報) 토양살충제 Endosulfan, Fonofos, Ethoprophos의 잔류성(殘留性))

  • Ryang, Hwan-Seung;Moon, Young-Hee;Kim, Nak-Eung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 1988
  • This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyethylene film(P.E.) mulching on degradation of the soil insecticides, endosulfan(6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide), fonofos(O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate), and ethorprophos(O-ethyl S, S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate) in red pepper, peanut, and sesame fields. Degradation of endosulfan, fonofos and ethoprophos in the soils under P.E. mulching and non-mulching followed first-order kinetics. The half-lives of fonofos, ethoprophos, ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-endosulfan$ were $19{\sim}21$, $25{\sim}37$, $33{\sim}39$ and $56{\sim}81$ days, respectively. There were few differences in the half-lives of fonofos in either mulching or non-mulching concitions. However, half-lives of α-endosulfan, ethoprophos, and ${\beta}-endosulfan$ were 6, 12 and 25 days longer under P.E. mulching than under non-mulching conditions, respectively. The effect of P.E. mulching on degradation was remarkable for the slower degrading insecticides. Residues of ethoprophos in the harvested sesame under P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions were 0.024 and 0.074ppm, respectively. Residues of fonofos in the harvested peanuts under P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions were 0.078 and 0.017ppm, respectively. However, no endosulfan was detected in the harvested red peppers under either condition.

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Mobility of pesticides in different slopes and soil collected from Ganwon alpine sloped-land under simulated rainfall conditions (실내 인공강우를 이용한 강원도 고랭지 토양의 토성 및 경사도별 농약 이동특성)

  • Kim, Seong-Soo;Kim, Tae-Han;Lee, Sang-Min;Park, Dong-Sik;Zhu, Yong-Zhe;Hur, Jang-Hyun
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.316-329
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    • 2005
  • Mobility of pesticides can be occurred by run-off and leachate or soil erosion. It is one of the most important factors for environmental contamination, particularly in steep sloped-land as Gangwon alpine region. In this study, the mobility of seven pesticides in different slopes and soil textures was investigated by simulated rainfall under controlled conditions. Simulated rainfall subjected to 60 mm $hr^{-1}$ was treated using rainfall simulator after 12 hr of pesticide treatment. Amounts of the pesticides were measured in run-off and leachate samples. The soil samples collected after rainfall from upper and lower parts and three different depths of sloped-plot were also analyzed. At result, all pesticides from the un-off samples collected from Taebaek(silty clay loam) and Heongseong(sandy loam) soils were detected maximum 96% within 60 minutes after first collection except carbendazim and cypermethrin which have the lowest water solubilities. From the leachate samples, a similar pattern was shown as run-off samples but amount of pesticides was lower than those of run-off samples. In soil samples, the order of the amount of pesticide residues was $0{\sim}5$ > $5{\sim}10$ > $10{\sim}15$ cm of soil depth and no pattern was shown in upper and lower, and different slopes. Comparing to mobility of pesticides in water and soil samples, pesticides in soil samples were higher than those of water samples in Taebaek soil. However, the results using Heongseong soils were in contrast to those of Taebaek soil. These results revealed that mobility of pesticides can be dependant mainly on soil textures and physicochemical properties of pesticides. Therefore, it can be suggested that selection of pesticides should be considered for soil texture and properties of pesticide in the alpine and sloped-land.