• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 1995

Samples from the L, F, H and $A_1$ horizons of the Phragmites longivalvis grassland were collected in a delta of the Nakdong River and the removal rates of N, P, K, Ca and Na were investigated. The results obtained in this study can be abstracted as follows; The removal fractions of N, P, K, Ca and Na of the litter were 0.56, 1.22, 1.95, 0.65 and 0.53, respectively. The half times of N, P, K, Ca and Na required for the remove or accumulation of the litter on the grassland floor were 1.23, 0.57, 0.36, 1.06 and 1.32 years, respectively. The increasing order of the turnover parameters of the elements was Na, N, Ca, P and K.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.331-342
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• 1995

An investigation was performed to reveal the removal rates of organic constituents of the litters in a Phragmithea longivalvis grassland in a Delta of the Nakdong River, The removal rates of the inorganic and organic materials are determined by the mathematical models. The removal rates and time required to decay up to a percentage of each organic constituent were calculated using these new models. The removal rates of cold water soluble fractions, other carbohydrates, hot water soluble fractions, cellulose, crude fat, lignin and crude protein were 2.67, 1.39, 1.25, 1.02, 0.92, 0.49 and 0.47, respectively, The periods required to reach half time to the steady state of the removal and accumulation for cold water soluble fractions, other carbohydrates, hot water soluble fractions, cellulose, crude fat, lignin and crude protein of the litter were 0.26, 0.50, 0.55, 0.68, 0.75, 1.41 and 1.48 years, respectively.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 1996

Seventeen dictyostelids occurred in the southern mountains in Korea. Total clones per site was 7,491 and average number of species was 7.6. Dominant species in the each mountains were as follow; Dityostelium firmibasis in Kayasan, D. minutum in Kyeryongsan, D. firmibasis in Naejangsan, D. brefeldianum in Dukyusan, D. microsporum in Palgougnan, P. pallidum in Tohamnan, P. pallidum in Koryong. However, dominant species was D. brefeldianum in the southern mountains. Average frequency, relative density and presence were impartially high in all sites. It wan not dominant except Dukyusan. And it had not been reported to he common species until now in Korea. D. mucoroides an wan not dominant species in all sites, it wan the dominant species second to D. brefeldianum.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2001

A field trial was initiated to examine the range of inter- and intraspecific variations in morphological and phenological traits with five different accessions of smooth and large crabgrass. In addition, a controlled environment study was conducted to determine the phenotypic plasticity among the accessions of both species in response to 4 daily tempera-ture differentials. In the field experiment, significant inter- and intraspecific variations of smooth and large crabgrass were observed in morphological traits such as leaf length and width. However, most phenological traits were not substantially different between the species and among the accessions of each species. The first seedling emerged at the same time, requiring 9~ 10 days, regardless of the accessions and species. In a controlled environment study, all accessions of each species responded similarly to the 4 temperature differentials in seedling emergence, indicating seedling emergence was not a plastic trait. These results suggest that predicting crabgrass seedling emergence could be independent of geographical regions in the US.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2011

Moths were collected to survey turfgrass pest and to compare species diversity from Jinju Country Club in Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Korea, every 10 days using 200W mercury light trap from middle May to late October in 2008. As the results, only 23 individuals of Pseudaletia separata, Spodoptera depravata, Spodoptera litura, Agrotis segetum, and Agrotis ipsilon were collected as turf grass insect pests. However, 2028 individuals of 388 species in 22 families were collected in total. Dominant species was Culcula panterinaria, Fentonia ocypete, Hypsopygia regina, Culcula panterinaria, Flavocrambus striatellus, and Diarsia camescens in May, June, July, August, September and October, respectively. Species diversity was not different between two surveyed sites, but different among surveyed time. Species richness was more higher in hole 11 (Hole was surrounded by natural forest and located near pond) than hole 15 (Hole was located at the top part of mountain). Dominance index of moth was increased from October compared with diverse index and richness index were decreased from October. A large number of species and individuals were recorded in Noctuidae (502 individuals in 131 species), Geometridae (491 individuals in 84 species), Pyralidae (386 individuals in 73 species), and Notodontidae (277 individuals in 25 species). These four families were 80.9% out of all the collected species.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.306-312
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• 2017

This study was carried out to develop new hybrid zoysiagrass cultivar 'Seah' (The application no. for cultivar protection : 2014-22). Native zoysiagrasses were collected from south-west seaside of Korea from 2010 to 2011. Artificial crossing was conducted to develop F1 hybrid between Z2011 (Z. sinica) and NM1 (Z. matrella) at plastic house in 2011. Among the progenies, 'Seah' showed fine leaf texture and high shoot density from the space planting plots at field. 'Seah' showed genetically light green color, with fine leaf with 1.8mm and height to the lowest leaf blade was 1.94 cm. Ground coverage rate was slower than medium leaf zoysiagrass (Jung-gi), but plant height of 7.1 cm was the lowest among the compared zoysiagrasses and height to lowest leaf of 1.94 cm was lower than most zoysiagrass, which may allow low mowing height.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2012

Large patch caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 (IV) is one of the most serious diseases in zoysiagrass. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the in vitro fungicidal effect and in field control of large patch disease of Paraffin oil. In the field experiments, paraffin oil was applied with 1 L/$m^2$ after diluted at 5 ml to 20 ml of oil/1 L of water for the control of large patch on Zoysia japonica in golf course. The same material was tested for inhibition of mycelial growth in vitro. Paraffin oil at 0.5% and 2.0% had a fungicidal effect by 43 to 67% on R. solani AG2-2 (IV) in vitro. In two locations of the field experiments, the paraffin oil provided moderate protection of large patch. It was effective in suppressing large patch development by 48.0% in comparison with a water check after one time application on mid-September in golf course. Paraffin oil may be used as an alternative control agent for environment friendly management of large patch on Zoysiagrass in golf course.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of the different land covers of an urban park (Hyowon park) in downtown Suwon on the urban thermal variations during a hot summer. The effect of the air temperature reduction in the urban park was 4.4%-4.5% for the downtown residence (Maetan-dong). This value was about 0.8% lower than that of the outskirts residence (Sanggwanggyo-dong). The daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, summer day and heat wave frequency were measured under the different land covers (cement-block, grass, pine-grass, shading area and mixed forest) showed these values generally decreased under natural land cover types. Daily minimum temperature and tropical night frequency didn't seem to correlate with the land cover types. Means of thermal comfort indices (wet bulb globe temperature, heat index and discomfort index) in the shading area, mixed forest and the pine-grass types were lower than those of cement block and grass types. However the levels of those indices were equal to 'very high' or 'caution' levels in the afternoon (13:00-15:00). In the morning (06:00-08:00), thermal comfort indices of the urban park didn't correlate with land cover types. Therefore, to reduce heat stress and to improve the thermal comfort in urban parks, an increase in the area of natural land cover such as grass, forest and open spaces is required.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2009

Occurrence ecology and possibility of mass trapping of Popillia quadriguttata, one of the most serious turfgrass insect pest in domestic golf courses was investigated using pheromone traps in Gimpo and Jinhae. Peak period of adult occurrence of P. quadriguttata was late June and early July in Gimpo Seaside Country Club from 2006 to 2008. It was early and middle July in Youngwon Country Club in 2006. The first catched day of P. quadriguttata adult was 20 June, while the last day was 10 September in Gimpo Seaside Country Club, 2006. Mean catched number of P. quadriguttata adult in Japanese beetle pheromone trap per day in peak period of occurrence were 18.2, 25.7, 29.0, and 15.7 at 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. Mean catched number of P. quadriguttata adult in Japanese beetle pheromone trap were more in fairways or roughs than tees or greens. Possibility of control of scarab beetle using pheromone trap with pesticide treatment was investigated against oriental beetle, Blitopertha orientalis in Dongrae Benest Golf Club. Mean number of dead oriental beetle adult were more higher(2.9 folds) in fenitrothion EC treatment than fenitrothion EC treatment after set oriental beetle pheromone trap.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.163-176
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• 2009

Investigating endophyte distribution, naturally occurring in native grasses, is important for understanding endophyte-grass associations and using the beneficial effects of endophytes in cultivated plants. The goal of this study was to investigate endophytes from natural Festuca spp. in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan Provinces of China, and to study the compatibility between the endophytes and turf type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) which is widely used for lawn and athletic fields in that region. Of 628 accessions in F. ovina, 421 had endophytes identified in leaf sheath from on-site microscopic examination. From Festuca spp, three isolates were obtained from the seeds and ninety isolates were obtained from seedlings established from the collected seeds. The isolates from F. ovina and F. stapfii were tentatively identified as Neotyphodium typhinum and Neotyphodiumstarii, respectively. We tested compatibility of the two fungal species with seven tall fescue cultivars, Little Hero, Sub Boy, Eldorado, Arid III, Millennium, Crossfire, and Fawn. N. typhinum or N. starii did not infect 'Fawn' with either seed injection or seed soaking method. The highest infection rate byboth N. typhinum and N. starii was in 'Sun Boy' and 'Eldorado'. There were significant interaction effects between tall fescue cultivar and type of endophyte on infection.