• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.309-319
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• 1991

A continuous stirred tank membrane reactor(CSTMR ) was developed and optimized for the production of cod skin gelatin hydrolyzates using endo-protease Alcalase. A experimental design methodology was used to optimize the four performance variables: enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, permeate flux and reactor volume. All four variables studied had an effect on substrate conversion, with enzyme and substrate concentrations being predominant. Conversion increased with the increase in enzyme concentration, with the decrease in substrate concentration, at high volumes and low flux. A strong interaction was observed between enzyme and substrate concentrations and smaller interactions between enzyme and flux and substrate and flux. The optimum operating conditions for the CSTMR process for an initial substrate concentration for 10% were $50^{\circ}C$, pH 8, flux 7.3ml/min, residence time 82 min, and Alcalase to substrate ratio 0.02(w/w). A gradual decay in reactor activity during 8 hrs was 2.1% conversion/hr. Enzyme leakage through the 10, 000 MWCO membrane was 16% at $50^{\circ}C$ and 12% at $35^{\circ}C$, 6hrs. However, there was no apparent correlation between enayme leakage and substrate conversion. The Km value for the CSTMR was 20 times higher than the batch reactor. The productivity(expressed as mg product/mg enzyme) of the CSTMR was more than six fold higher than the batch at $50^{\circ}C$. The hydrolyzate was non-bitter.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2008

This study is focused on the numerical predictions of heat and smoke exhaust characteristics in an underground subway station stopping a fire train. Various ventilation operating modes with the fan equipped the platform and tunnels are considered. Distributions of temperature, carbon monoxide and visibility at a height of 1.7 m(breath height) above the platform are analysed for different ventilation fan operation mode. The numerical results show that smoke and heat is rapidly removed through tunnel by operating the tunnels fans. We suggested that during evacuation of passengers is not completed, the ventilation system in the platform is activated. After completion of passenger evacuation tunnel fans are activated but the fans in the platform are stopped.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.383-389
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• 1998

시스템에 대한 예방 관리 모형을 고려한다. 시스템이 고장을 일으키면 즉시 최소 수리가 이루어지고 임의로 방문하는 전문 관리인에 의해 시스템을 점검했을 때 연속하는 고장의 수가 적정 개수이상이거나 또는 시스템의 총 작동 시간이 적정 시간이상이면 시스템을 동일한 것으로 교체한다고 한다. 적절한 비용을 부과한 다음 시스템의 단위 시간당 평균 비용을 계산하고 그 비용을 최소화하는 최적의 점검 속도를 찾는다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1727-1736
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 자체 제작된 헬름홀쯔형 맥동 연소기를 이용하여 작동원리와 연소특성을 조사함으로써 맥동연소현상을 물리적으로 이해하는 것이다. 주기적 화염 의 직접가시화, 연소장의 시간평균 온도 및 농도분포, 변동압력의 크기와 공기흡입량 을 조사함으로써 맥동에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 그리고 이것이 어떠한 변화를 야기시키는가를 살펴보고자 한다. 이렇게 얻어진 결과의 종합을 통해 장치의 형상이 결정된 일반적인 맥동연소기가 자발적인 상태에서 작동될 때 작동결정인자가 무엇인가 를 알수가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51.3-51.3
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• 2016

흠경각루(欽敬閣漏)는 1438년 장영실(蔣英實)이 제작한 수격식 천문시계이다. 흠경각루의 작동메커니즘은 물시계, 수차, 수차제어시스템, 기륜, 주전, 각종 기어 등이 유기적으로 작동하여 가산 위의 태양운행장치와 37명의 시보인형들을 움직이게 하는 것이다. 이 연구는 흠경각루의 작동 메커니즘에 따른 가산 내부의 공간구성에 관한 것이다. 특히, 흠경각루의 동력발생 장치 부분인 물시계와 수차의 위치, 시보대 위의 신호발생장치인 주전(籌箭)에 대하여 연구하였다. 주전은 시보인형들이 종, 북, 징을 타격하여 12시와 경점시간을 알리게 하는 신호를 주는 것이다. 이를 위해 흠경각루의 기륜을 움직이기 위해 필요한 물시계와 수차의 크기를 결정하였다. 또한 주전의 작동메커니즘에 대해 분석하고, 구체적인 주전의 형태를 3D 모델링으로 구현하였다.

• Composites Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

This paper presents an experimental approach to design a bending-type actuator by using a shape memory alloy wire (SMA), composite strip, and spring. The SMA wire is attached to two edges of the bent strip to apply pre-stress to the SMA wire. The spring is used to provide recovery force right after actuation of the SMA wire. To investigate thermo-mechanical characteristics of the SMA wire, a series of DSC tests have been conducted and tensile tests under various levels of pre-stress and input power have been performed. Based on the measured properties of the SMA wire, bending-type actuators are designed and tested for different combination of strip, number of springs, and input power. It has been found that a bending-type actuator with a proper combination shows fast actuation performance and low power consumption.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.190-191
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• 2017

본 연구는 산림 공간에서 산불소화시설인 수관수막타워의 방수시간에 따른 화재에 미치는 영향을 FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator, 화재시뮬레이션)로 비교하였다. 본 연구를 진행하기 위한 기본 조건은 수관수막타워 높이 20m, 방수길이 40m, 방수량 400Lpm으로 해석공간 상에 수막타워를 3기 설치하였다. 수관수막타워 작동 초반 화재온도 $668.5^{\circ}C$에서 작동 450초 후 $145.6^{\circ}C$으로 감소되는 효과를 볼 수 있다. 이는 '산불소화시설 설치 및 운영 관리 지침'의 제3조 11절 6항의 '수관수막설비는 산불 접근 예상시간보다 10분전에 가동되도록 해야 한다.'의 타당성을 마련할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.725-730
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• 2011

A 2-way solenoid valve regulates to maintain the pressure of ullage volume of propellant tanks when the command is given by control system for the liquid-propellant feeding system of space launch vehicle. The simulation model of solenoid valve for pressurization is designed with AMESim to verify the designs and evaluate the dynamic characteristics and pneumatic behaviors of valve. To validate a valve simulation model, the simulation results of their operating durations of valve by AMESim analysis are compared with the results of experiments. Using the model, we analyze performance of valve; opening/closing pressure, operating time on various design factors; shape of control valve seat, basic valve seat, rate of sealing diameter. This study will serve as one of reference guides to enhance the developmental efficiency of ventilation-relief valves with the various operating conditions, which shall be used in Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.35-40
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• 2013

This study investigated the evacuation characteristics of student of elementary school with single unit fireproof shutter. In particular, we gathered the data about fireproof shutter and checked the data. And we made comparison and did an analysis of the evacuation characteristics of elementary school student according to working of single unit fireproof shutter for fires. As a result, it took the last occupant 130 seconds to escape from the school with no fire shutter case. But it took time 190 seconds to escape when the single unit fireproof shutter worked. Some of elementary school students could not open the door installed on the shutter when the single unit fireproof shutter worked. Considering this circumstance, it can be led to time delays of escaping when the single unit fireproof shutter work. And many students can be exposed to the fire hazards. Therefore, the study on the power to open the door installed on the shutter must be done in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.123-128
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• 2012

According to the sequence of pintle operation, the performance characteristics of pintle nozzles are analyzed. The pintle movement was simulated using unsteady numerical techniques, the response lag and sensitivity at the chamber and nozzle are estimated for movable pintle. Three operation sequences of the pintle are considered for evaluating whether the rate of the chamber pressure increase and the operation sequence will have any significant impact towards the rocket performance. Three operation sequencies are as following; the pintle moves toward the nozzle throat, it turns instantly (case 1), stops at the nozzle throat for some time(0.5sec) (case 2), and stops at the nozzle throat (case 3). As a result, the dynamic characteristics according to the operation sequence and pintle shape were analyzed to take account the rocket performance.