• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2021

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of 63 patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who received Korean medicine treatment. Methods This study identified and retrospectively reviewed the first visit records and clinical characteristics of all of the patients who visited the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital and Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong in South Korea with ASD as their chief complaints. The herbal medicines that were prescribed according to the patient's symptoms were analyzed by separating them into categories. Results The data of 83 children with ASD were collected. Among them, the primary medical record charts of 63 patients were reviewed. Additional analysis was performed for 56 patients who were treated with herbal medicine. Through a retrospective chart review, the patients' clinical characteristics and the tendency of the prescribed herbal medicine was identified. Conclusions This study was conducted to provide preliminary data that proposes Korean medicine as a new alternative medical treatment. Our study is meaningful as it used the demographic and clinical records of 63 patients with ASD in Korea who visited an Korean medicine hospital in the last 11 years to identify tendencies and analyzed the prescriptions of two or more Korean medicine pediatricians.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.122-138
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to widely utilize the clinical practice guideline for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by investigating parents who have children with ASD about their perception in ASD and their thoughts on Korean medicine treatment to treat ASD. Methods We conducted a survey on 'perception of ASD' and 'perception and preference of Korean medicine treatment for ASD' on the parents of 22 children with ASD (age 4-6) who visited department of pediatrics of Korean medicine at Kyunghee University Korean medicine hospital at Gangdong and Kyunghee University Korean medicine hospital. Results Of the parents, 20 (90.91%) said their children had no experience with Korean medicine treatment. Among them, 11 (35.48%) chose 'I didn't know that Korean medicine treats ASD' for the reason (multiple choice). When questioned what the worries are for Korean medicine treatment, 13 (30.95%) chose 'worries about probability of side effects of herbal medicine' as the most worrisome reason (multiple choice). On the question about the necessity of Korean medicine for the treatment of ASD, most chose 'Korean medicine treatments are necessary for children with ASD' (9, 40.91%). Conclusions It is necessary to develop a clinical practice guideline that reflects comprehensive evidence for side effects as well as the effectiveness of Korean medicine for ASD, and is necessary to promote the effectiveness and evidence-based Korean medicine treatment to patients and their caregivers through various distribution tools.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2023

임신 중 감염에 의한 산모의 면역 활성화는 조현병과 자폐 스펙트럼 장애를 포함한 신경 발달 질환의 위험을 증가시킨다. 여러 연구에서 poly (I:C) 또는 LPS를 사용하여 모체 면역 활성화 유도한 자손에서 비정상적인 행동과 뇌 발달을 관찰하였다. 또한 최근 뇌에 상주하며 면역 세포로 기능하는 미세아교세포가 MIA 유발 자손의 행동 이상과 뇌 발달에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것이 보고되고 있으나 아직 메커니즘은 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 GPCR의 구성원인 GPR56의 미세아교세포 특이적 억제가 행동 이상과 뇌 발달을 유발하는지 여부를 조사하였다. 먼저, MIA 유도는 발달 중인 뇌의 미세아교세포 집단에 영향을 미치지 않으나, 미세아교세포를 분리하여 GRP56의 발현을 조사한 결과, MIA 유도 태아에서 성별에 관계 없이 E14.5와 E18.5 사이에서 GPR56 발현이 억제됨을 관찰하였다. 그리고 미세아교세포 특이적 GPR56 억제는 MIA 유도 자손에게서 나타나는 사교성 결손, 반복적인 행동 패턴 및 증가된 불안 수준과 같은 비정상적인 행동을 관찰하였다. 미세아교세포 GPR56 억제 마우스에서는 MIA 유도 자손과 같은 비정상적인 피질 발달이 관찰되지 않았지만, c-fos 염색을 통해 뇌 활동이 관찰되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 미세아교세포 특이적 GPR56 결핍이 이상 행동을 유발함을 시사하며, 추후 연구를 통해 MIA 자손의 행동 결손 진단 및/ 치료 표적을 위한 바이오마커로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2023

목적 : 본 연구는 Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist(이하 SPSRC)의 국내사용을 위해 일반아동과 자폐스펙트럼장애(Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD) 아동을 대상으로 타당도와 신뢰도 검증을 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 동시타당도를 검증하기 위해 Short Sensory Profile(SSP)을 사용하여 피어슨 적률 상관계수 (Product-moment correlation coefficient)를 산출하였다. 구성타당도는 두 집단의 감각처리능력과 자기조절능력을 비교하여 검증을 실시하였다. 신뢰도 검증을 위한 내적 일치도의 경우 Cronbach's α를 산출하였으며, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 피어슨 상관계수(Pearson correlation coefficient)를 통해 검증하였다. 결과 : 동시타당도의 검증 결과 한글판 SPSRC와 SSP는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈으며(p<.01), 구성타당도는 한글판 SPSRC의 영역 및 하위항목에 대해 두 집단이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다(p<.001). 내적 일치도는 Cronbach's α값의 범위가 .700 ~ .975로 나타났으며, 검사재검사 신뢰도는 상관계수의 범위가 .937 ~ .997로 나타났다. 결론 : 한글판 SPSRC는 높은 타당도와 신뢰도를 가지는 평가도구로 확인되었다. 따라서 임상에서 치료목표를 계획하기 위한 평가도구로 사용되는 것 뿐만 아니라 향후 관련된 연구에 의미 있는 근거자료로 사용되기를 기대한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2015

Objectives : The purposes of this study were to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Social Communication Questionnaire (K-SCQ) and to determine cut-off scores for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods : A total of 166 subjects with ASD and their 186 unaffected siblings were recruited through child psychiatry clinics of university hospitals. Board certified child psychiatrists screened all probands suspected to have ASD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. To confirm the diagnoses, the Korean versions of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R) were administered to all the subjects. All parents completed the K-SCQ and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). The non-ASD siblings were evaluated with the same instruments as the probands with ASD. We performed a factor analysis to examine the structure of K-SCQ. For testing the validity of K-SCQ, we compared the difference in Lifetime and Current scores of probands with ASD and their non-ASD siblings using t-test and analysis of covariance. Correlations between the K-SCQ and other measurements of ASD symptomatology, including K-ADI-R totals and domain scores and SRS, were examined. Receiver operation characteristic curve analysis was performed to extract cutoff scores discriminating affection status. Results : Four factors were extracted through factor analysis of K-SCQ ; 1) social relation and play, 2) stereotyped behavior, 3) social behavior, and 4) abnormal language. Cronbach's internal consistency was .95 in K-SCQ Lifetime, and .93 in K-SCQ Current. There were significant differences in total score of K-SCQ, both in Lifetime and Current between the ASD group and non-ASD siblings group (p<.05). K-SCQ scores were significantly correlated with K-ADI-R subdomain scores and SRS total scores (p<.05). The best-estimate cut-off scores of K-SCQ for diagnosis of ASD were 12 for 48 months and over, and 10 for below 47 months. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that the K-SCQ is a reliable and valid instrument for screening autistic symptoms in the Korean population. Lower cut-off scores than the original English version might be considered when using it as a screening instrument of ASD.