• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.609-609
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• 2012

각종 하천 정비, 개발 등의 사업의 증가와 함께 홍수 등 자연재해의 취약지점으로 주목 받고 있는 하천 합류점에 대한 관심도 높아 가고 있다. 본 논문에서는 특히 자유 수면의 재현을 위하여 3차원 유한요소법 기반의 레블셋 기법을 이용하여 합류부의 수리 특성을 모의하였다. Navier-Stokes 방정식의 공간차분에는 Characteristic Galerkin 기법을, 시간차분에는 Fractional Four-step 기법을 적용하였다. 상류와 사류 상태 모두에 대하여 실험 결과에 근접하는 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 1994

In this experimental research, the maximum scour depth at pier was studied. The model of the pier of San Gye bridge in the Bocheong stream was set for experimental pier scour studies. Several model verification processes were conducted through the roughness comparisons between model and prototype, pursuring scour depth variations with time depending upon channel bed variation, the comparison of the ratio between falling velocities and shear velocities in the model and prototype, and the comparison of pier scour between experimental data and field measuring data. The experiments were conducted in the free flow conditions and pressure flow conditions. The maximum scour depth at piers in the pressure flow conditions is twice as much as compared to the free flow conditions. Also, the maximum scour depth variations are indicated in the figures based on the Froude numbers, opening ratios, water depths and approaching angles in the free surface flow conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.188-193
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• 1999

Transport of pollutants in aquifer largely depends on groundwater flow which is governed by aquifer hydraulic parameters. Determination of these parameters and associated groundwater modeling become essential for adequate remediation of contaminate groundwater. The objective of this paper is to analyze groundwater flow and determine the optimum hydraulic parameters by performing groundwater modeling based on sensitivity analysis for unconfined sandy gavel aquifer constructed in a laboratory scale under various boundary condition. Results revealed that the simulated drawdown was lower than the observed drawdown irrespective of boundary conditions. and specific yield (S$_{y}$) had less effect on the grondwater flow than permeability (K) in the aquifer. Water balance analysis showed that the measured drawdown in neighboring observation wells during pumping was higher than either simulated or recovered water table. The indicated that a difference might exist in the water tables between aquifer and wells. The difference was investigated by time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements on water contents in the region of water table and capillary fringe, and explained by a delayed response of water table during gravitational drainage as the water table was lowered as a result of pumping.g.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2021

계획하폭의 수리설계는 수문분석에 의하여 결정되는 설계홍수량을 주변지역 주택이나 농지 침수를 방지하지 않도록 하도내에서 수위를 과다하게 상승시키지 않은 상태에서 안전하게 하류로 소통시킬 수 있는 가장 경제적인 하도의 폭을 결정하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 현재 소하천 하폭의 수리설계는 지형 또는 현장 여건에 따라 계획홍수량을 결정하고, 경험식에 의한 방법 또는 도식에 의한 방법(방정식과 수리학 공식에 의한 방법)등을 이용하여 하류수위를 산정함으로써 이루어진다. 그러나 하도내 흐름이 자유수면을 가지는 개수로 흐름인 경우 도표 또는 간략화된 경험식을 이용해서는 정확한 하폭을 산정할 수 없다. 기존에 개발된 계획하폭 경험식은 홍수량에 기반한 단일 회귀식과 다양한 하천특성과 흐름특성을 이용한 다중 회귀식으로 구분된다. 그러나 현재 계획하폭 결정에 가장 많이 사용되는 경험식은 홍수량을 이용한 단일 회귀식인데, 이들은 자료수집의 어려움 때문에 지역과 하천특성을 고려하지 않고 모든 하천에 적용 가능하도록 개발되어 적용 시 세심한 주의가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 경험식을 보완함으로써 적용성을 제고하기 위하여 전국 소하천을 지역에 따라 세분화하고 흐름특성과 하천특성 자료를 수집하였다. 이렇게 수집된 자료를 위치에 따라 세분화하고 기존에 개발된 경험식과 동일한 형태로 계획하폭 경험식을 개발하였다. 개발된 경험식을 검증하는 방법은 자료를 두 개의 그룹으로 분리하고 개발에 사용되지 않은 자료 그룹을 사용함으로써 검증의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 더불어 기존의 경험식과 비교하는 방법으로 개발된 회귀식의 적용성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 계획하폭 경험식은 지역특성과 흐름특성을 고려한 계획하폭 산정에 활용이 가능함으로써 홍수에 안전한 소하천 수리설계에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1997

Computational results from Navier-Stokes equations are presented for the Stokes-wave/flat-plate boundary-layer and wake for small wave steepness(Ak=0.01), including exact and approximate treatments of the viscous free-surface boundary conditions. The macro-scale flow indicate that the variations of the external-flow pressure gradients cause acceleration or deceleration of the streamwise velocity component and alternating direction of the cross flow. Remarkably, the wake displays a greater response, i.e., a bias with regard to favorable as compared to adverse pressure gradients. The micro-scale flow indicates that the free-surface boundary conditions have a profound influence over the boundary layer and near/intermediate wake. Order-of-magnitude estimates are conformed to the computational results. And appreciable errors are introduced through approximations to the free-surface boundary conditions.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

In this paper, the rigid lid boundary condition is applied to simulate the influence of floating structures such as ships or pontoons, and the pressure term in both the momentum equations and continuity equation are modified. The pressure of a floating structure under the free surface is dependent on the draft of the structure, generally called a ship. If the free surface is covered by a floating structure, the free surface cannot move freely. The water level should be fixed, using a rigid lid boundary condition. This boundary condition is implemented by reducing the storage area of the grid cell with a factor between zero and one. The numerical model developed by Hong (2009) is verified through a comparison with experimental results, and the influence of the reduction factor is investigated using the verified numerical model.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.467-475
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• 1997

In this study, breakwater model which has several outlet pipes to discharge heated water is settled in the experimental open channel and velocity distribution of wall jet is measured. Numerical simulation of velocity structure of wall jet using 3-dimensional computer model. Fluent model, is also carried out. The calculated results are verified with the experimental results and the flow characteristics of wall jet are investigated. The length of zone of flow establishment of wall jet is shorter than that of free jet, and the diminution rate of jet centerline longitudinal velocity is larger than that of free jet. Characteristics of buoyant jet and non-buoyant simple jet simulated by Fluent model are compared. Near the outlet pipe, in the region where x/lQ is over 15, this is reversed. Comparison of vertical distribution of longitudinal velocity shows that positive velocity of non-buoyant jet is bigger than that of buoyant jet in the bottom layer and in the upper layer, negative velocity of non-buoyant jet is bigger too. Flow separation in free surface of the buoyant jet occurs in smaller distances from the outlet than the non-buoyant jet. Buoyant jet expands faster than the non-buoyant jet in vertical direction.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

Turbulent flow structure in the high amplitude meandering channel is complex due to secondary recirculation with helicoidal motions and shear layers formed by flow separation from the curved sidewall. In this work, the secondary flow and the superelevation of the water surface produced in the high-amplitude Kinoshita channel are reproduced by the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations using the VOF technique for resolving the variation of water surface elevation and three statistical turbulence models ($k-{\varepsilon}$, RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$, $k-{\omega}$ SST). The numerical results computed by a second-order accurate finite volume method are compared with an existing experimental measurement. Among applied turbulence models, $k-{\omega}$ SST model relatively well predicts overall distribution of the secondary recirculation in the Kinoshita channel, while all three models yield similar prediction of water superelevation transverse slope. The secondary recirculation driven by the radial acceleration in the upstream bend affects the flow structure in the downstream bend, which yields a pair of counter-rotating vortices at the bend apex. This complex flow pattern is reasonably well reproduced by the $k-{\omega}$ SST model. Both $k-{\varepsilon}$ based models fail to predict the clockwise-rotating vortex between a pair of counter-rotating vortices which was observed in the experiment. Regardless of applied turbulence models, the present computations using the VOF method appear to well reproduce the superelevation of water surface through the meandering channel.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1999

A finite element model is studied to simulate unsteady free surface flow based on dynamic wave equation and collocation method. The collocation method is used in conjunction with Hermite polynomials, and resulting matrix equations are solved by skyline method. The model is verified by applying to hydraulic jump, nonlinear disturbance propagation and dam-break flow in a horizontal frictionless channel. The computed results are compared with those by Bubnov-Galerkin and Petrov-Galerkin methods. It is also applied to the North Han River to simulate the floodwave propagation. The computed results have good agreements with those of DWOPER model in terms of discharge hydrographs. The suggested model has proven to be one of the promising scheme for simulating the gradually and rapidly varied unsteady flow in open channels.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.spc1
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• pp.1037-1048
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• 2023

Fishways are constructed to ensure the fish migration because river-crossing structures such as dams and weirs cut off the stream longitudinal connectivity and influence on aquatic ecosystems. However, the passage efficiency of fishes varies depending on flow characteristics in the fishway and fish species. In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out using a RANS model and the volume of fluid method for resolving free surface fluctuations to calculate the turbulent flow in the pool and weir type fishway. The Flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy in the pool of fishway are analyzed according to variation of the upstream water level and the length of pool. The present numerical simulations reasonably well reproduce the stream flow and plunging flow characteristics in the pool. The simulation results show that the stream flow changes to the plunging flow as the length of the pool increases. When the upstream level increases, the stream flow becomes more evident. Key parameters related to the fish migration within the fishway such as the flow velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy are examined to assess the ascending possibility of fishes.