• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.63-82
• /
• 1999

Recent studies have revealed that Nitric oxide(NO) was one of the demonstration for the physiological regulator, endothelial derived relaxing factor(EDRF) and that NO was produced by ultraviolet irradiation in human. Thus, the present author have carried out a experimental study on the change of hematological, histological value of ultraviolet irradiation in sprague-dawley rats. The subjects were divided into four groups of ten rats each selected at random. There were 4 groups: 1. no irradiation control; 2. ultraviolet $75mJ/cm^2$ irradiation group; 3. ultraviolet $150mJ/cm^2$ irradiation group; 4. ultraviolet $225mJ/cm^2$ group. After a irradiation, hematological and histological tests were performed to observe erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCH, MCHC, MCV, $O_2$ saturation, pH, $PO_2,\;PCO_2$ value and to observe histological changes. In hematological tests, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit significantly increased in $75mJ/cm^2$ than control group and more $150mJ/cm^2$ ultraviolet irradiation group respectively. Also In blood gas tests, $PO_2$ significantly increased in $75mJ/cm^2$ and more $150mJ/cm^2$ group than control group. Whereas $PCO_2$ significantly decreased in $75mJ/cm^2$ and more $150mJ/cm^2$ group than control group (Duncan-Tukey test, P<0.05). In histological tests, control and $75mJ/cm^2$ group unchanged, but more $150mJ/cm^2$ group changed that it was cytolysis, cytotoxic effect, acanthosis, proliferation of keratinocyte, appearance of amorphous cell and pyknotic nucleus, production of sunburn cell. In conclusion, the present author results support the importance of the relation between NO effect and hematological, histological value by ultraviolet B irradiation.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 1997

ZnO thin film had been deposited on the glass by sputtering method, and investigated by optical and electrical properties. When the rf power was 180W and sputtering pressure was $1{\times}10^{-3}$Torr at room temperature, thin lam deposited had strongly oriented c-axis and the lowest resistivity($1{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$), and then carrier concentration and Hall mobility were $6.27{\times}10^{20}cm^{-3}$ and $22.04cm^{2}/V{\cdot}s$, respectively. Transmittance of ZnO thin film in visible range was above 90%, and this thin film cut of the ultraviolet range below 320nm and the infrared range above 850nm. And after annealing in hydrogen atmosphere, the resistivity of ZnO thin film was somewhat decreased, while obtained as stable state.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.1014-1019
• /
• 2011

Curcumin is a natural phytochemical present in turmeric, the ground powder of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Curcumin has been described as having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. However, it is still largely unknown whether curcumin inhibits the UVB-induced inflammatory reaction in HaCaT keratinocyte cell lines. In this study, to confirm the photoprotection properties of curcumin, HaCaT keratinocyte cells were irradiated by UVB, and then treated with curcumin. UVB irradiation induced the increased expressions of IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 in HaCaT cells. These increased expressions of cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2) were down-regulated by curcumin treatment in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. In addition skin of hairless mice were damaged by UVB irradiation, which were evidenced by atrophy of epidermis and decrease of collagen in dermis. However, these damages were protected partially by co-treatment of curcumin. Taken together, this data indicate that curcumin may be a promising photoprotection agent, when used in massage pack or sunscreen product, to reduce cell death in UV-damaged skin.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the relative degradation of commonly known endocrine-disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and 17${\beta}$-estradiol (E2) using ultrasound (US) and pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) in water. The removal efficiency of BPA and E2 was determined as a function of generating power and $H_{2}O_{2}$ production. The ultrasound and PUV irradiation of the aqueous solution was performed in 3 L and 90 L stainless reactor at a constant temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ with an applied power of 200 W and 2000 W, respectively. The removal of BPA and E2 by US and PUV varied with catalysts. The experiments were conducted under the following conditions: total operating time, 30 min; initial concentration, 1 uM. In the case of E2 (10 min), % removal was 92.5/95.8/87.6/82.4, while % removal of BPA (10 min) was 62.3/82.3/91.1/67.0/64.3 in various conditions (PUV, $PUV+H_2O_2$, PUV+wire mesh, $PUV+TiO_2$ coated wire mesh), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2009

Sunlight, and in particular its UV component, is the major environmental trigger that underlies the major signs of human skin and skin cancer in general. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the UV protection effects of R. coreanus. R. coreanus was extracted by ultra high pressure extraction process at 500 MPa and $30^{\circ}C$ for 5 and 15 minutes. The cytotoxicity of the extracts extracted by ultra high pressure process on human dermal fibroblast cell CCD-986sk, human kidney normal cell HEK293, and human lung normal cell HEL299 was measured as 17.5%, 16.5% and 14.0%, respectively in adding $1.0\;mg/m{\ell}$ of the samples, which was much lower than that from conventional water extraction method at $100^{\circ}C$ as 23.2%, 22.5%, 21.2%. The secretion of $NO^-$ from macrophage showed $15.9\;{\mu}M$ on the R. coreanus extract from this process, which was higher than others. Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production from UV-induced human skin cells was also greatly decreased down to $510\;pg/m{\ell}$, compared to the control. From the results, we considered that the extracts from R. coreanus could be potent natural materials for skin anti-inflammation agent, and could be used as a potential anti-aging for the photo-damaged skin.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 2002

The SNF2/SW12 family comprises proteins from a variety of species with in vivo functions, such as transcriptional regulation, maintenance of chromosome stability during mitosis, and various types of DNA repair. This study was shown the characterization of hrp2+ gene which was isolated by PCR amplification using the conserved domain of SNF2 motifs. Sequence analysis of hrp2+ gene showed striking evolutionary conservation among the SNF2 family of proteins. The transcript of hrp2+ gene was found to be a 4.7 kb as identified by Northern hybridization. In addition, to determine the transcription initiation site of hrp2+ gene, primer extension analysis was performed. This result showed the band of 64 bp. The transcriptional start point was mapped to a position of 47 base pair from the first ATG codon of translational initiation codon. In order to investigate the inducibility of hrp2+ gene, transcript levels were examined after treating the cells to various DNA damaging agents. The transcripts of hrp2+ were induced by UV-irradiation. But the transcripts were not induced by treatment of 0.25% Methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). These results implied that the effects of damaging agents are complex and different regulatory pathways exist for the induction of this gene.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2009

A new long persistent phosphors of $CaZrO_3$ was synthesized at high temperature with weak reduction atmosphere by a traditional solid state reaction method. Photoluminescence spectra analysis showed that the $CaZrO_3$ doped with $Tb^{3+}$ emitted green-yellow emission caused by the energy level transition from the $^5D_3$ and $^5D_4$ to $^7F_1{\sim}^7F_6$. The main emission spectra of 542 nm peak by the $^5D_4{\rightarrow}^7F_5$ transition was revealed through synthesizing at high temperature in $N_2$ gas atmosphere. The afterglow emission spectra of $CaZrO_3:Tb^{3+}$ long persistent phosphores arise at 546 nm peak of narrow range. After the 254 nm ultraviolet light excitation source was switched off, the green-yellow long persistent phosphor can be observed which could last for 8 h in the limit of light perception of dark-adapted human eyes ($0.32\;mcd/m^2$).

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.495-501
• /
• 2004

Using numerous ground-based or space-based telescopes by many astronomers, AGN spectroscopic monitoring campaigns have been carried out over many years to study the variability of continua and emission lines. We investigate the SWP IUE spectra of a large aperture configuration for the Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 4151 and NGC 5548. We estimate the BLR electron number densities and their variation from the line ratios of C III] 1909 to Si III] 1892. With the ratios of C IV 1550 to C III] 1909 which give us the information on the ionization parameter of BLR, we try to find the physical conditions of the BLR and activities of he super massive black hole surroundings. The BLR density variations scale as 4 and 8 for NGC 4151 and NGC 5548, respectively. Based on the BLR size and C III] line profiles, we found both black hole masses as about $10^7$ $M_{\odot}$.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.42.1-42.1
• /
• 2011

박막형 디스플레이구서에 있어서 투명전극은 필수적이다. 투명전극은 정보를 표시하기 위해 빛을 외부로 방출시키거나 태양광 등을 소자 내부로 입사시켜야 한다. 또한 전극을 형성하는 박막은 높은 광투과율과 ${\sim}10-4{\Omega}cm$ 정도의 낮은 전기비저항을 가져야 한다. 가장 널리 사용되는 투명전극으로 ITO (Indium Tin Oxide)는 인듐의 독성, 저온증착의 어려움, 스퍼터링시 음이온 충격에 의한 막 손상으로 저항의 증가 및 액정디스플레이의 투명전극으로 사용될 경우 $400^{\circ}C$정도의 높은 온도와 수소플라즈마 분위기에서 장시간 노출시 열화로 인한 광학적 특성변화가 문제로 지적된다. 이러한 문제 해결의 대안으로 ZnO 산화물 반도체가 있는데 ITO 박막에 비해 비저항이 높기 때문에 도핑을 이용한 비저항을 ${\sim}10-4{\Omega}cm$ 정도로 낮추어야 한다. 투명전도막으로는 ITO, FTO 등과 더블어 체적 저항율은 다소 높으나 환원성 분위기에 대한 내성, 가시광 영역에서의 높은 광투과율과 저렴한 가격 등의 장점 등으로 AZO 박막이 주목 받고 있다. ZnO는 ITO 나 FTO에 비해서 700 kJ/mol의 큰 분해에너지를 가지므로 코팅 때 발생하는 전도도 및 투과율이 나빠지는 현상이 발생하지 않는 특징이 있으며, 위의 두 재료에 비해 밴드갭도 가장 낮아서 자외선 투과율이 낮다. 그러나 내습성이 약하기 때문에 이를 보완하기 위하여 내습성향상과 전도성 향상을 위해서 3족 원소인 B, In, Al, Ga 등을 도핑한 ZnO 투명전도막의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이러한 원소들 중에서 Al로 도핑했을 때 가장 낮은 비저항을 얻을 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 SiOC 박막위에 AZO 박막을 제조하기 위하여 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 박막을 성장시켰으며, 박막의 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. AZO 박막은 rf power가 5~200 W인 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터 방법에 의해서 제작되었다. SiOC 박막은 산소와 DMDMOS 전구체의 유량비를 다르게 하여 플라즈마 발생 화학적 기상 증착방법으로 증착되었다. 증착된 SiOC박막은 UV visible spectroscopy에 의해서 분석하였다. 투명전극의 비저항은 rf 전력이 작을 수록 낮았으며, SiOC 절연막 위에 AZO를 증착시킨 후 반사률은 반대로 바뀌는 것을 확인하였다.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.642-648
• /
• 2001

An attempt was made to synthesize an ammonia adsorbent by the photo-induced grafting of styrene (St) onto polypropylene (PP) nonwoven using benzoin ethyl ether (BEE) as a photosensitizer with urea and trimethylol propane triacrylate in methanol medium. As styrene concentration was increased, the graft yield was increased. It was also found that the graft yield increased with reaction time. The polypropylene grafted with styrene (PP-g-St) was sulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid in dichloroethane and complexed with several metal ion, such as $cO^{+2}$, $nI^{+2}$, $cU^{+2}$, $Zn^{+2}$. The amount of ammonia gas adsorbed by these sample was dependent on the degree of sulfonation, adsorption time, and ammonia gas pressure. The adsorption capacity of ammonia gas by the sulfonated PP-g-St(SPP-g-St) nonwoven with 4. 25 mmol $H^+$/g was 6.61 mmol/g. Metal ion complexed SPP-g-St nonwovens had higher adsorption capacity than SPP-g-St nonwoven and the $Co^{+2}$ complexed SPP-g-St showed 9.90 mmol $NH_3$/g, which was much higher than that of active carbon or silica gel.