• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.195-198
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• 2008

In this study we analyzed flood runoff and flood characteristics of an small urban river basin which is in an apartment complex in Yewol-Dong, Buchun-Si, Gyunggi-Do. A little discharge normally flows in the river, however this small river has a relatively high potential of flood damage risk in the flood season due to the high flood level and velocity. Therefore we used the GIS data, cross section data in the river, HEC-RAS model, etc. for investigating safety of a river against flood runoff and also we investigated the stability of hydraulic structures and ability of flood prevention in the river. As the result of investigation, we found that the river had the risk of flood damage occurrence due to the hydraulic structures constructed for various purposes in the river. So we should analyze backwater effect by the structures and consider the risk factors can be occurred by the flood runoff and velocity for more safe design of a small river basin in the residential area such as an apartment complex in the urban area.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.6B
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• pp.607-615
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• 2010

Vegetation drag tends to raise water level by retarding the flow. Previous studies have focussed on either the vertical structure modeling or the one-dimensional modeling, which can hardly be used to simulate the vegetative streams in practical engineering. Therefore, this paper presents a two-dimensional numerical model based on the depth-averaged flow equations. Vegetation drags are reflected in the flow equations, assuming non-flexible rigid cylinders. For validations, flow properties measured in both rectangular and compound channels are compared with simulated data, showing good agreement. Then, the model is applied to a reach in the Han River and the impact of floodplain vegetation on the flow is investigated.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2003

This study was conducted to get some information on plants abilities to enhance water purification and to find out away to conserve the ecosystem in Mankyeong river. Vegetation were surveyed at 4 sites pointing by 1:5,000 topographical map, from June 2001 through March 2002. T-N content in water were high in all sites of Mankyeong river, the average T-N levels were 8.59 and 17.23 mg/L, summer and winter, respectively. The average T-P level during summer was 0.47 mg/L but that was 1.79 mg/L during winter. The BOD level in Mankyeong upstream ranged from 0.95 to 2.57 mg/L which would be in I or II grade according to water quality criteria by Ministry of Environment but BOD level in Mankyeong downstream ranged from 6.87 to 9.72 mg/L. The plant species of river flora were found 251, 98 and 85, upstream midstream and down stream, respectively. Among the surveyed plants, Ceratophyllum demersum, submerged plant and Nuphar subinteperrimum took up higher contents of phosphate and nitrogen than other piano. The Phragmites communis and Zizania latifolia having much biomass were thought to be suitable plants for enhancement of e natural water purification.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.185-196
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• 2003

The demand for an environment-friendly transportation system, equipped with low energy consumption, and low-or zero-pollution has been on the increase since the beginning of the World Trade Organization era. Simultaneously, the consistent growth of high-speed tram technology, combined with market share, has sparked a fierce competition among technologically-advanced countries like France, Germany, and Japan in an effort to keep the lead in high-speed train technology via extensive Research and development(R＆D) expenses. These countries are leaders in the race to implement the next-generation transportation system, build intercontinental rail way networks and export the high-speed train as a major industry commodity. The need to develop our own(Korean) 'high-speed train' technology and its core system technology layouts including original technology serves a few objectives: They boost the national competitive edge; they develop an environmental friendly rail road system that can cope with globalization and minimize the social and economic losses created by the growing traffic-congested delivery costs, environment pollution, and public discomforts. In turn, the 'G7 Project-Development of High Speed Railway Technology' held between 1996 and 2002 for a six-year period was focused on designing a domestic train capable of traveling at a speed of 350km/h combined and led to the actual implementation of engineering and producing the '2000 high-speed train:' This paper summarizes and introduces one of the G7 Projects-specifically, the design segment achievement within the development of train system engineering technology. It is true that the design aspect of the Korean domestic railway system program as a whole was lacking when compared with the advanced railroad countries whose early phase of train design emphasized the design aspect. However, having allowed the active participation of expert designers in the early phase of train design in the current project has led to a new era of domestic train development and the implementation of a way to meet demand flexibly with newly designed trains. The idea of a high-speed train in Korea and its design concept is well-conceived: a faster, more pleasant, and silent based Korean high-speed train that facilitates a new travel culture. A Korean-type of high-speed train is acknowledged by passengers who travel in such trains. The Korean high-speed prototype train has been born, combining aerodynamic air-cushioned design, which is the embodiment of Korean original design of forehead of power car minimized aerodynamic resistance using a curved car body profile, and the improvement of the interior design with ergonomics and the accommodation of the vestibule area through the study of passenger behavior and social culture that is based on the general passenger car.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.527-540
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• 2004

In order to investigate characteristics of the primary flow and the secondary currents in the meandering channel, laboratory experiments were conducted in the meandering channel made up of alterative bends haying 120。 arc angle. Experiments were performed in two types of cross-sections, a rectangular cross-section and a curved cross-section which was made to adopt a beta probability function. Three-dimensional velocity fields were measured using a micro-ADV. As the result of experiments, in case of the rectangular cross-section, the primary flow occurred taking the shortest course, which is similar to the result of previous researches. In case of the curved cross-section, the primary flow was expected to occur along the thalweg. but it occurred almost along the shortest way. This is considered due to effects of bottom roughness and sinuosity Not only a main cell but also a secondary cell of secondary currents were clearly shown by mean of the stream function. The secondary current intensity has the maximum value near the apex of the second bend for cases of both rectangular and curved cross-sections. However, the value of the secondary current intensity for the curved section is slightly larger than that for the rectangular cross-section. Also, in case of the rectangular cross-section, the higher the ratio of width to depth is, the larger the secondary current intensity is.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.97-97
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• 1994

Wide gap 반도체 중 하나인 GaN 에너지갭이 실온에서 3.4eV 이고 직접천이형 에너지대 구조를 가지므로 청색 및 자외영역의 파장을 발광하는 발광다이오드와 바도체 레이저 다이오드의 제작에유용한 재료이다. GaN계 III족 질화물반도체가 다파장용 광원으로서 유망함을 보인 것은 1970년대 초방의기초적 연구이다. 이로부터 약 25년이 경고한 현재 청색발광다이오드가 실용화당계에 이르게 되었지만 아직까지 전류주입에 의한 레이저발진은 보고되고있지 않다. 이 논문에서는 ALGaN/GaN이중이종접합(DH) 구조의 광여기에 의한 유도방출과 광학적 이득을 측정하므로서 전류주입에의한 레이저발진의 가능성을 조사하였다. 유기금속기상에피텍셜(MOVPE)법으로 성장한 ALGaN/GaN DH구조의 표면에 수직으로 펄스발진 질소레이저(파장:337.1nm, 주기:10Hz, 폭: 8nsec) 빔의 공출력밀도를 변화시키어 조사하고 시료의단면 혹은 표면으로부터 방출되는 광 스펙트럼을 측정하였다. 입상광밀도가 증가함에 따라 자연방출에 의한 발광피크보다 낮은 에너지에서 발광강도가 큰 유도방출에 의한 피크가 370nm의 파장에서 현저하게 나타났으며 실온에서 유동방출에 필요한 입사공밀도의 임계치는 약 89㎾/$\textrm{cm}^2$이었다. 이는 GaN 단독층에 대한 유동방출의 임계치 700㎾/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 에 비하여 약 1/8정도 낮은 것이며, 이를 전류밀도로 환산하면 약 27㎄/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 정도로서 전류주입에 의하여서도 레이저발진을 실현할 수 있는 현실적인 값이다. 한편 광여기 방법으로 측정한 광학적 이득은 입사광의 밀도가 각각 100㎾/$\textrm{cm}^2$과 200㎾/$\textrm{cm}^2$일 때 34$cm^{-1}$ / 과 160 $cm^{-1}$ / 이었다. 이와 같은 결과는 GaN의밴드단 부근의 파장영역에서 AIGaN 흔정의 굴절율이 GaN의 굴절율보다 작으므로 DH구조의 채택의 의한 광의 몰입이 가능하여 임계치가 저하된 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 광학적 이득의 존재는 이 구조에 의한 극단파장 반도체 레이저다이오드의 실현 가능성을 나타내는 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.310-310
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• 2017

홍수추적 모형의 적절성을 결정하는 중요한 요소 중 하나는 모형의 매개변수이다. 특히 자연하천에 관한 부정류 계산모형의 매개변수인 조도계수는 하상재료의 특성에 따라 좌우되는 표피마찰뿐만 아니라 하상의 굴곡 등 단면형의 변화에 따른 형상손실 및 하천의 사행에 따른 손실 효과 등을 포괄적으로 내포하고 있기 때문에 모든 하천구간에 대하여 일반적으로 적용할 수 있는 조도계수의 값을 하나로 결정하기는 어렵다. 또한 조도계수는 흐름조건, 즉 유량 또는 수위의 변화에 따른 가변성을 갖고 있기 때문에, 흐름이 시간 및 공간적으로 변화하는 부정류 계산모형에 있어서는 더욱 그러하다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 조도계수의 가변성과 다수 지점의 관측치를 고려한 모형보정의 결과로부터 얻은 파레토 최적화와 최소최대 후회도 방법(Minimax regret approach, MRA)을 결합하여 부정류 계산모형의 안정적인 매개변수를 선정할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 여러 지점의 관측치를 고려한 모형의 보정은 다목적 최적화 문제로서, 여러 지점에 대한 가중치를 결합하여 얻은 하나의 목적함수에 대하여 여러 번의 개별 최적화를 수행함으로써 다수의 파레토 최적해들을 구할 수 있는 통합접근법을 적용하였다. 이때 유량에 따른 조도계수의 가변성을 나타내는 두 개의 매개변수로 구성된 관계식을 이용하여 두 구간에 대한 매개변수들을 모형의 추정 대상 매개변수로서 최적화하였다. 이 후 각기 다른 홍수사상에 대해 보정과 검증을 수행하였으며 각각에 대한 평가지표의 후회도를 정량화하였고 최종 안정적인 매개변수를 추정하기 위해 MRA를 이용하여 종합적인 순위를 도출하였다. MRA는 완전히 불확실한 의사결정 상황에서 유용한 방법으로 알려져 있는데 가장 나쁜 순위가 가장 좋은 것을 선택할 수 있게 하는 보수적인 의사결정기법이다. 계산결과 추정된 모형의 가변조도계수와 그로부터 얻은 두 개 지점에서의 평가지표인 RMSE는 두 지점에 대한 가중치의 조합에 따라 선택되는 매개변수 값에 따라 달라짐을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방법은 수문 및 수리모형의 다수의 관측지점의 자료를 이용한 매개변수 산정문제에 있어서 안정적인 해를 도출할 수 있다.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.71
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• pp.205-229
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• 2018

This article proceeds to scrutinizing a oral tradition called the story of ruining one's family by daughter-in-law's cutting-condemnation conducive to any estimation of Koreans' religious mentality. This oral tradition begins with mischievous behaviors of daughter-in-law. She cut away any materials, which a vagabond monk of Buddhism identified as a source of solacing numberless visitors to her house. Tired of serving all the visitors, she cut away the material. It caused her parents-in-law's house to be collapsed. At a first glance, the daughter-in-law appears to be blamed for the collapse. Interestingly, no one cannot be blamed for the misfortune. A face value of the text does not show that the fate of misfortune comes from any ethical misconduct and its posterior mishandling. Behind this oral tradition, by the way, lies the consciousness that relates misfortune with a ceremony of cutting away any unique material; cutting away any material, cutting away the trend of coming visitors, and cutting away the mood of prosperity becomes identical. The thematic mentality of the text reveals a religious consciousness of seeing human beings' life to be identical with nature. This oral tradition must have focused on the importance of a harmonious relationship between human beings and nature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1194-1199
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 도시배수관망의 간략화 모의 시 지선을 단순 생략하는 것이 아니라 2차원 관망을 1차원으로 전환시키는 방법인 등가하천 개념을 도입하여 도시유역의 유출량 산정에 있어서 여러 지선들을 개별적으로 모의하지 않으면서도 실제 존재하는 지선들의 효과를 고려할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 자연하천에 대해 개발된 등가하천 개념은 최근의 수문모형의 경향인 물리적 분포형 모형의 복잡성을 피하면서 전통적인 개념적 집중형 모형이 가지는 간편성을 살리고 그 것이 가지고 있는 선형가정의 한계를 극복하기 위한 방안으로서 제안된 방법이다. 등가하천 개념을 도입하여 개발된 모형은 종국적으로 강우-유출관계에 있어서 강우의 크기, 선형 및 비선형성, 유역면적 등이 미치는 영향을 분석하기위한 도구로 개발되었으며, 본 연구에서는 출구로부터 동일 거리 s에 위치한 지점에서의 배수관망의 공간적인 분포 및 집중패턴을 파악하는 폭함수(width function, n(s))와 면적함수(area function, M(s))를 이용하여 관망을 간략화 하였다. 등가관의 수리기하조건 결정은 유역이 정상상태에 도달했을 경우에 대해서 이루어지게 되며 정상상태 모의를 통해 개별 관망단면들에 대해 얻어진 유량(Q), 면적(A), 수심(y) 자료간의 상관관계를 유추하여 Q(A), A(y) 함수를 유도하게 되면 종국적으로 관로홍수추적에 이용되는 지배방정식의 매개변수인 파속계수(c) 및 확산계수(D)를 계산할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 대상 유역으로 군자 배수구역을 선정하여 유역의 특성과 관망 자료를 수집하고 간략화 기법을 적용한 결과를 분석 하였다.다. 21세기 문화산업에서 우리가 판단하게 될 디자인의 가치는 계몽의 원리에 대한 '역사성'과 '현재성'의 변증법에 달려있는 것이며, 새로운 철학, 새로운 문명, 새로운 세계를 열어가는 것이다.r$ (地理志)에는 추현리와 이미 외리를 언급하면서 상주의 자기제작의 위상을 짐작하는 기록이 언급되면서 전국의 상품의 절반을 담당하고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 상주가 8곳으로 1/3의 자기 생산을 담당하고 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$\lrcorner$(東國與地勝覽) 에서는 자기소와 도기소의 위치가 완전히 삭제되어 있다. 이러한 현상은 첫째, 15세기

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.235-249
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• 2011

A new form of I-type PSC bridge girder, which has hole in the web, is proposed in this paper. Three different concepts were combined and implemented in the design. First of all, a girder was precast at a manufacturing plant as divided pieces and assembled at the construction site using post-tensioning method, and the construction period at the site will be reduced dramatically. In this way, the quality of concrete can be assured at the manufacturing factory and concrete curing can be well controlled, and the spliced girder segments can be moved to the construction site without a transportation problem. Secondly, a numerous number of holes was made in the web of the girder. This reduces the self-weight of the girder. But more important thing related to the holes is that about half of the total anchorages can be moved from the girder ends into individual holes. The magnitude of negative moment developed at girder ends will be reduced. Also, since the longitudinal compressive stresses are reduced at ends, thick end diaphragm is not necessary. Thirdly, Prestressing force was introduced into the member through multiple stages. This concept of multi-stage prestressing method overcomes the prestressing force limit restrained by the allowable stresses at each loading stage, and maximizes the magnitude of applicable prestressing force. It makes the girder longer and shallower. Two 50 meter long full scale girders were fabricated and tested. One of them was non-spliced, or monolithic girder, made as one piece from the beginning, and the other one was assembled using post-tensioning method from five pieces of segments. It was found from the result that monolithic and spliced girder show similar load-deflection relationships and crack patterns. Girders satisfied specific girder design specification in flexural strength, deflection, and live load deflection control limit. Both spliced and monolithic holed web post-tensioned girders can be used to achieve span lengths of more than 50m with the girder height of 2 m.