• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.181-194
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• 2022

between the Action-image and the Affection-image, there is the Impulse-image. IF the aesthetics of the action-image and Affection-image are realism and idealism, the aesthetics of the impulse - image is naturalism. since the impulse-image has traits of action-image and affection-image, naturalism refers to four co-ordinates: originary world/derived milieu, impulses/modes of behavior. In Deleuze's view, the great directors we call naturalists are Stroheim, Bunuel, and Joseph Losey.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

Jens Jensen was an American landscape architect and early conservationist who pioneered a unique naturalistic landscape style. The purpose of the present study is to study Jensen's life, careers, design philosophy, and his contributions to the history of landscape architecture. Inspired by nature, Jensen worked closely with native plants, local materials, curvilineal and circular forms, and native scenery. His pioneering work in the Chicago's West Parks, including the design of Columbus Park and Humboldt, Garfield and Douglas Parks, was informed by his philosophical belief in the humanizing power of parks. In summary, first, Jensen played a prominent role in the creation of a unique native landscape style respecting regional landscape. Second, as a devoted conservationist and educator he organized conservation movements preserving landscape heritage and founded a education institution. Third, as a social reformer he emphasized the value of parks and nearby nature for urban citizens and children. Jensen's visions and philosophies have influenced on recent naturalistic landscape style and conservation efforts to preserve cultural landscape and natural environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.132-142
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• 2014

This study is the first stage to identify distinctive characteristics of American Romantic Garden compared to English Romantic Garden. The purpose of the study is to identify characteristics of transitional garden in the early period of America by analyzing of Paca garden, Mount Vernon and Monticello when English Naturalistic Garden was firstly imported. The analysis studied historical background, people who designed garden, formal garden and characteristics of natural garden through reference. Also based on data through reference and field research, spatial configuration and garden factors of each site were analyzed. In spatial configuration, straight line and curve line, formal terrace and natural slope, visible axis and invisible axis, symetric and asymmetric, and perspective and oblique perspectives were used as analyzing factors. As a result of analysis, each garden showed different type from that of formal gardens from colony period, which is natural garden of asymmetric garden(English natural garden) coexisted. Paca garden which planned formal garden and natural garden in each space showed characteristics of each space, but in formal garden residential axis and garden axis does not coincide which shows it is out of formal garden type. Such phenomena and the fact that naturalistic garden coexist in the same garden shows that the formal garden type from early days in US is starting to change in different types. Mount Vernon garden, similar to Paca garden, was designed to have two different types of gardens in harmony rather than divide the space into different space and design it. It adapted serpent walkway but shows symmetric by central axis and considered formalistic plan through same materials. However through terrace in hills and spatial plan of oblique perspective, one could observe that naturalistic type was beginning to settle in US gardens. Through Monticello analysis, space was designed with major characteristics of naturalistic garden which is serpent walkway, ornamental farm, winding flower bed grove and bush and oblique perspective, and it completely duplicates characteristics of naturalistic garden which could not be found in gardens imported from UK.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.25-34
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the characteristics of the current Victorian-style interior by reviewing the basic Victorian-style house in the past. this research was analyzed various prior studies and literatures, and found the following results: First, the Victorian-style house and interior space showed various historical trends and adopted every style from Gothic to rococo, and sometimes more than one style influenced a single place. Its formality was applied depending on the function and standard of each room. Second, the interior had many decorative things with free, irregular or other patterns, influenced by Romanticism and Naturalism. The several environmental factors such as air pollution and hygienic matter were also related with its trend. the dramatic changes in the kitchen and sanitary facilities were appeared based on the technical development, and affluent design styles were also used. All these reflected the characteristics of the Victorian age. In conclusion, the characteristics of Victorian-style were influenced by many factors including: (a) the trend of Romanticism and Naturalism, (b) consideration of family convenience based on the technical development, (c) the Socio-Environmental factors like air pollution and the social norm, and (d) reflection of the individual value in accordance with frequent contacts with foreign cultures. In this respect, it is necessary to reevaluate the Victorian-style after paying due regard to such factors.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.313-343
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• 2005

오늘날 환경문제는 범지구적이며 인류의 생존 자체를 위협할 만큼 심각하다. 산업화가 환경문제 발생의 근원적 원인이다. 하지만 자연관, 자연에 대한 지식 증가, 기술개발, 경제성장과 불평등 등도 환경문제 발생의 중요한 원인들이다. 인구는 사회가 성립하는 데 필요한 요소이지만 환경문제 발생의 한 원인이 되기도 한다. 그 이유는 인구가 지탱되는 데 필요한 의식주는 전적으로 자연자원에 의존하고 있는데 인구의 크기는 자연이 감당할 수 있는 용량을 초과했기 때문이다. 이러한 관점은 인구와 환경의 관계에서 인구를 하나의 집합체로 보고 양적으로 접근한다. 그러나 환경문제 발생원으로서는 인구는 질적 차원에서도 접근할 필요가 있다. 즉 집합체로서의 인구를 구성하는 개별 행위자들이 일상생활에서 얼마나 친환경적 행동을 하는 가라는 점도 파악돼야 한다. 왜냐하면 절대 인구수가 같더라도 전체로서의 인구를 구성하는 개별 행위자들의 자연관, 생활양식 등에 따라 자연에 전개하는 행동이 다르고 결국 자연에 가해지는 영향(impact)이 다르기 때문이다. 집합체로서의 인구가 환경문제 발생원인으로 의히마는 바는, 자연자원의 공급량을 훨씬 초과해 추출한다는 점과 자연이 흡수 처리할 수 있는 능력 이상으로 생산${\cdot}$유통${\cdot}$소비과정에서 과도하게 폐기물을 발생시킨다는 점이다. 반면 개별 행위자로서의 인구가 환경문제 발생원인으로 의미하는 바는 풍요성과 편리성을 극대화시키고 일상생활에서 친환경적이지 않은 행동을 무분별하게 한다는 점이다. 이런 맥락에서 이 연구는 환경문제의 본질을 먼저 논의했고 환경문제 발생 메커니즘에 인구가 어떤 방식으로 적용하는 지를 두 가지 차원 - 집합체로서의 인구와 개별 행위자로서의 인구 - 에서 논의하였다.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.5-35
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• 2007

When it comes to art, the two conflicting themes of 'scientific progress' and the 'nature' have often motivated the advent of the new mode of arts. By the late 20th century, uniform and simplified mode of arts, inspired by scientific and technological progress of that time, was gradually disillusioned by the contemporaries due to the adverse effect of science on human life. In this context, naturalism pursuing for harmony of human and the nature came up as an alternative to those living in the 21st century. The pendulum has swung from minimalism to naturalism. Though the quantitative improvement of human life cannot be denied, the uprise of such problems as environmental pollution and exhaustion of natural resources degraded the quality of human life, which, eventually, shifted the attention to the theme - 'revival of naturality.' Therefore, this thesis intends to represent the modem interpretation of the 'revival of naturality' by applying the major expressions of Art Nouveau that also emphasized naturalism. Art Nouveau found its motifs from organic figures of natural beings and put them to designs of decorative arts. This carries a historical significance in that Art Nouveau boldly revolutionized historicism, which only repeated adoption and modification of the existing modes of arts, and opened it to the modem design with new attempts to practical applications of the arts. Art Nouveau, which means 'new art', prospered from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, and even after one century, it is highly appreciated, reviving as novel and vivid forms in this contemporary art. Art Nouveau based on naturalism has revisited our contemporary period when naturalism and feminized romanticism came into fashion and its common motifs revive in different jenre of arts such as fashion, furniture, glass works, and jewelry works. This study illustrates and analyzes the works of four major artists who gave a specific attention to botanical motifs of Art Nouveau and applies decorative beauty of highly sophisticated and organic curved lines and the expressional forms of botanical figures to design. Art Nouveau proved this; the nature herself is as beautiful as she can be. Within Art Nouveau, the true humanism can be revitalized with the 'revival of naturality'. This study rediscovered the boundless potential of modern interpretation and application of Art Nouveau in decorative art and design.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2008

Analyses of UV-Vis spectrum and reflectance are useful tools to identify pearls of which color was naturally made or chemically changed. Contents of some trace elements of pearls by using ED-XRF may give us the information that the pearls were originated from marine shells or freshwater shells, and may give us whether the pearls were chemically treated or not. Three types of chemically untreated pearls, freshwater cultured, Akoya cultured and Tahitian cultured, were treated with silver nitrate. UV-Vis absorbance spectrum of Ag was changed after treatment, and reflectance of pearls was decreased. Absorbance of natural black colored Tahitian cultured pearls at 400, 500 and 700 nm was observed. Natural black colored freshwater cultured pearls showed two characteristic absorption patterns in UV-Vis spectra at 380-400, 480-500 nm. Unlike naturally black colored Tahitian cultured pearls, the absorption spectrum at 700 nm could not be found from black freshwater cultured pearls. Manganese was not detected in the pearls from marine shells, and strontium content of the pearls from marine cultured shells was higher than that from freshwater cultured shells. According to ED-XRF analysis, Ag contents of silver nitrate treated pearls increased as more time passed, because silver ion invaded to nacre layer of the pearls. Since Ag content of the black pearls known as untreated ranged under 0.1%, analysis of Ag content may used to distinguish the black pearls are treated or not in marketplace.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.199-224
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• 1996

The value orientations and life styles which are characterized by the postmodern societies have been expanding in korean society. This paper concerns with the postmodernism for in fashion design : at first the complex relationships between the logic of post-industrial society and the culture dynamics of postmodernism will be explained. Then the characteristics of postmodernism in the comparision with the Bauhaus, also "modernism" in design areas will be critically identified, and significant examples which I select in order to criticize the basic elements or orientations of postmodern design will be analized in details.I will make a new perspective which is beyond Bauhaus and postmodernism ; namly 'open dialogism design.'. But in the boundary of its introduction.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.121-131
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• 1995

Orientalism showed in early 20th century as change of Style. Modern characteristics is understanded through big stream of change before historical conception. Change of style in West began by artist having oriental and exotic taste. These are mimesis of outershape about Japanese, Moroco, north Africa etc. Theses are called chinoiserie & turquise taste. Stream of 20th century style is continued expressionism. Cubism, Sur realism, Pop Art etc. but in my thesis orientalism is caused change of 20th Century after exotism (after showed as Primitivism ). In modern costume, concerned works of Paul Poiret changed body concious. He's a image creator as Yve St. Laurent, Chanel, Balenciaga. At that time Russia Ballet, Fauvist, vivid colors are back ground of series of modern costume. Soft and sleek body, transparent stocking, minaret tunic, turban is begin of oriental image. Modern costume and modern art are begins as change of aesthetic taste before historical conception.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-96
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• 2013

This paper is to conceptualize the urban social circulation of water from the social constructivism and political ecology, and to analyze the history of development of social circulation of water, that is, the modernization process of water in Daegu. The development of social circulation system of water in Daegu can be divided into 4 stages, that is, the beginning stage of modernization of water mainly during the period of Japanese colonization, the take-off stage from the 1960s to the mid-1980s, the stage of reflexive modernization from the late 1980s to the 1990s, and that of neoliberalization of water since the 2000s. It can be seen that the development of social circulation system of water in Daegu has contributed the increasing urban population and economic development, especially supporting the spatial expansion of the city and the way of modern way of urban life. But the social circulation system of water in Daegu seems to meet with a lot of problems such as relocation of the water intake station, over-equipment of filtration plants, distrust on tap water, inequality of water use, readjustment of water charge, liquid waste from industrial complexes within the urban area, creative destruction of waterfront environment, and privatization of water.