• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2021.04a
• /
• pp.25-25
• /
• 2021

전 세계에 유통되고 있는 Cypripedium속 식물 56종 중 한반도에는 4종이 분포하고 있다. 국내의 Cypripedium속 식물 중 멸종위기 1급 식물은 광릉요강꽃과 털복주머니란이 있으며, 복주머니란은 멸종 위기 2급 식물로 분류하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 복주머니란 식물의 육묘기술을 개발하기 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 처리는 원예용 상토, 마사토 100%, 질석 2 : 펄라이트 1의 비율로 혼합한 인공토양, 산야초 상토, 소립인 난석 등 5처리를 하여 복주머니를 스티로폼 박스(가로 40, 세로 50, 높이 15cm)에 식재하여 4개월 경과 후 조사한 결과 산야초 상토에서 출아율이 67.0%로 가장 많았으며, 질석 2 + 펄라이트 1의 처리구가 53.0%, 소립인 난석 처리구가 48.0%순으로 높았다. 출아율이 가장 좋았던 산야초 상토의 경우 초장은 3.0cm, 엽수는 주당 1.9개, 엽폭은 1.0cm로 다른 처리구보다 생육이 양호하였다. 또한 털복주머니란 실생묘를 노지에서 1년 동안 순화한 묘를 자생지 외 지역의 적응성을 확인하기 위해 경기도 양평에 위치한 국립수목원 내 Cypripedium 전문 전시원에 660주를 봄에 식재하였다. 그해 9월에 생존율 을 조사한 결과 52.5% 이었고, 초장이 5.8cm, 뿌리수는 주 당 3.6개, 뿌리길이는 6.4cm 등 생육도 정상적으로 진행되는 것으로 조사되었다. 이와같은 연구를 바탕으로 멸종위기종인 복주머니란의 적정 환경 조성과 육묘기술 및 현지 적응성을 향상시킨다면 멀지 않은 시기에 복주머니란의 복원 사업은 성공적으로 마무리될 것으로 판단된다..

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2020.12a
• /
• pp.72-72
• /
• 2020

곤달비(Ligularia stenocephala)는 쌍떡잎식물, 국화과의 다년생 초본식물로서 한국·일본·타이완·중국 등에 분포하며, 우리나라에는 전남 홍도가 특산 자생지라고 하며 주로 강원도, 경북 경주, 전북 남원 등지에서 재배되고 있다. 곤달비는 어린 부분을 생채, 데친 나물, 국거리, 튀김, 묵나물로 식용한다. 특수 성분으로는 Isopropenyl, dimethoxybenzofuran, Liguhodgsonal, Ligujapon, Ligularinone A, Ligularinone B 등이며 신경을 안정시키는 진정작용, 진통억제, 정기를 보익하고 허약함을 보하는 기능이 있고, 한방에서는 뿌리가 신경통, 유종(乳腫) 등에 쓰인다. 곤달비는 주로 시설하우스나 노동력이 많이 드는 임간에서 재배되어 생산 단가가 높아 소비활성화를 위한 가공제품을 생산하기가 힘들다. 본 연구는 곤달비를 저비용 대량 생산을 위한 노지재배 생력화 재배기술을 확립하고자 시험을 수행하였다. 2019년 4월부터 2020년 11월까지 전라북도 농업기술원 허브산채시험장(해발 500m)에서 곤달비 노지재배를 대상으로 이랑폭 90cm, 120cm, 180cm 3처리구로 하여 시기별 생육특성, 수량성, 생리장해 등을 조사하였다. 2019년 4월 정식 후 활착률은 180cm 처리구에서 92.1%로 가장 높았고 120cm 처리에서 90.2%로 가장 낮았으며, 생존율 또한 180cm 처리구에서 87.2%로 가장 높았고 120cm 처리에서 84.4%로 가장 낮았다. 생육특성 결과 1차년도에는 초장, 엽장, 엽폭은 생육 초기부터 후기까지 90cm 처리구에서 가장 높았고, 엽수는 120cm 처리구에서 가장 많았다. 2차년에는 180cm 처리구에서 초장 61.2cm, 엽장 32.6cm, 엽폭 31.3cm, 엽수 12.7개/주로 다른 처리구에 비해 좋은 생육상태를 보였다. 이랑폭별 수확량은 180cm에서 1,073.7kg/10a로 120cm 955.7kg/10a, 90cm 923.3/kg/10a 비해 높은 수량성을 보였다. 생리장해는 2020년 3월 저온으로 인한 냉해를 출현 초기에 모든 처리구에서 받았다. 곤달비 노지재배 발생하는 병해충은 나비·나방류, 노린재류 3종류이며 그 중 점무늬병은 모든 처리구에서 30% 이상 피해가 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.119-135
• /
• 2021

Korea has stepped up efforts to investigate and catalog its flora and fauna to conserve the biodiversity of the Korean Peninsula and secure biological resources since the ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits (ABS) in 2010. Thus, after its establishment in 2007, the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of the Ministry of Environment of Korea initiated a project called the Korean Indigenous Species Investigation Project to investigate indigenous species on the Korean Peninsula. For 15 years since its beginning in 2006, this project has been carried out in five phases, Phase 1 from 2006-2008, Phase 2 from 2009-2011, Phase 3 from 2012-2014, Phase 4 from 2015-2017, and Phase 5 from 2018-2020. Before this project, in 2006, the number of indigenous species surveyed was 29,916. The figure was cumulatively aggregated at the end of each phase as 33,253 species for Phase 1 (2008), 38,011 species for Phase 2 (2011), 42,756 species for Phase 3 (2014), 49,027 species for Phase 4 (2017), and 54,428 species for Phase 5(2020). The number of indigenous species surveyed grew rapidly, showing an approximately 1.8-fold increase as the project progressed. These statistics showed an annual average of 2,320 newly recorded species during the project period. Among the recorded species, a total of 5,242 new species were reported in scientific publications, a great scientific achievement. During this project period, newly recorded species on the Korean Peninsula were identified using the recent taxonomic classifications as follows: 4,440 insect species (including 988 new species), 4,333 invertebrate species except for insects (including 1,492 new species), 98 vertebrate species (fish) (including nine new species), 309 plant species (including 176 vascular plant species, 133 bryophyte species, and 39 new species), 1,916 algae species (including 178 new species), 1,716 fungi and lichen species(including 309 new species), and 4,812 prokaryotic species (including 2,226 new species). The number of collected biological specimens in each phase was aggregated as follows: 247,226 for Phase 1 (2008), 207,827 for Phase 2 (2011), 287,133 for Phase 3 (2014), 244,920 for Phase 4(2017), and 144,333 for Phase 5(2020). A total of 1,131,439 specimens were obtained with an annual average of 75,429. More specifically, 281,054 insect specimens, 194,667 invertebrate specimens (except for insects), 40,100 fish specimens, 378,251 plant specimens, 140,490 algae specimens, 61,695 fungi specimens, and 35,182 prokaryotic specimens were collected. The cumulative number of researchers, which were nearly all professional taxonomists and graduate students majoring in taxonomy across the country, involved in this project was around 5,000, with an annual average of 395. The number of researchers/assistant researchers or mainly graduate students participating in Phase 1 was 597/268; 522/191 in Phase 2; 939/292 in Phase 3; 575/852 in Phase 4; and 601/1,097 in Phase 5. During this project period, 3,488 papers were published in major scientific journals. Of these, 2,320 papers were published in domestic journals and 1,168 papers were published in Science Citation Index(SCI) journals. During the project period, a total of 83.3 billion won (annual average of 5.5 billion won) or approximately US $75 million (annual average of US $5 million) was invested in investigating indigenous species and collecting specimens. This project was a large-scale research study led by the Korean government. It is considered to be a successful example of Korea's compressed development as it attracted almost all of the taxonomists in Korea and made remarkable achievements with a massive budget in a short time. The results from this project led to the National List of Species of Korea, where all species were organized by taxonomic classification. Information regarding the National List of Species of Korea is available to experts, students, and the general public (https://species.nibr.go.kr/index.do). The information, including descriptions, DNA sequences, habitats, distributions, ecological aspects, images, and multimedia, has been digitized, making contributions to scientific advancement in research fields such as phylogenetics and evolution. The species information also serves as a basis for projects aimed at species distribution and biological monitoring such as climate-sensitive biological indicator species. Moreover, the species information helps bio-industries search for useful biological resources. The most meaningful achievement of this project can be in providing support for nurturing young taxonomists like graduate students. This project has continued for the past 15 years and is still ongoing. Efforts to address issues, including species misidentification and invalid synonyms, still have to be made to enhance taxonomic research. Research needs to be conducted to investigate another 50,000 species out of the estimated 100,000 indigenous species on the Korean Peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.89-119
• /
• 2020

Species invasions have rapidly increased due to the substantial growth of global trade in the recent past. As the awareness of the negative effects on natural ecosystems derived from alien species has grown, many countries and lawmakers have enacted rules and policies on the conservation of indigenous plants. Unfortunately, in Korea, research on species invasion is seriously lacking despite the growing number of alien species. In the current study, we report alien plants that have intentionally and/or unintentionally been introduced in Korea and also presented a checklist of invasive plants found both in the literature and in field surveys. We reviewed all documented records of alien plants, i.e., scientific papers, illustrated books, and annual reports. We also categorized alien plants by origin, time of introduction, naturalization, and the rate of their spread. The results revealed that there are 619 alien plant taxa (96 families, 353 genera, 595 species, 6 subspecies, 11 varieties, 1 forma, and 6 hybrids) occurring in Korea. Among these, 30 taxa are archaeophytes (Arc.), 214 are potentially invasive plants (PIPs), and 375 are invasive alien plants (IAPs). In addition, IAP taxa consist of grades 5 (widespread, WS) to 1 (potential spread, PS) of alien plants according to the rate of spread in Korea. Our results suggested that the number of alien plants is likely to keep growing; thus, the distribution should be regularly monitored and the list of alien plants must be updated.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2020

Mushrooms growing in the Wolchulsan National Park were surveyed from April to October 2018. As a result of this survey, 2 divisions, 9 classes, 24 orders, 71 families, 177 genera, and 407 species were found. Among them, 3 classes, 16 orders, 55 families, 150 genera, and 370 species belonged to Basidiomycota, while 6 classes, 8 orders, 16 families, 27 genera, and 37 species belonged to Ascomycota. The species richness was the highest in September at the altitudes between ~100 and 200 m. Among the investigated sites, the most diverse species occurred in the Gyeongpodae area. In this survey we found, Macrolepiota procera, Suillus bovinus, and Amanita pantherina, all of which have been known as climate-sensitive biological indicator species (CBIS). Based on the DNA sequence analyses, Craterellus parvogriseus was confirmed as a new record for Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.3
• /
• pp.266-276
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to clarify the taxonomic implications of F. chiisanensis Nakai based on morphology and flavonoids of four taxa of Fraxinus [F. chiisanensis Nakai, F. mandshurica Rupr., F. chinensis Roxb. var. rhynchophylla (Hance) Hemsl. and F. sieboldiana Blume] in Korea with one species of China and Japan (F. platypoda Oliv.). Morphologically F. chiisanensis was clearly distinguished from other taxa due to the presence of panicle from leafless lateral bud of previous year, apetalous flower, persistent calyx, and brownish naked bud. A survey of the foliar flavonoids of five species showed two distinctive chemical types. Unique flavones with flavonols, C-glycosylflavone and flavanone were detected in F. chiisanensis (chiisanensis type), while only flavonols, C-glycosylflavone, and flavanone were present in other four taxa (chinensis type). This study showed that F. chiisanensis was not a hybrid between F. mandshurica and F. chinensis var. rhynchophylla, but an endemic taxon distributed in southwestern Korea. Morphologically F. chiisanensis should be included into subgen. Fraxinus, sect. Melioides according to Chang and Qiu's classification. F. platypoda, a taxon of sect. Meliodies in China and Japan, was different from F. chiisanensis with respect of scaled bud, decurrent wing of samara and the lack of flavones (chinensis type). Since four American taxa of sect. Melioides contained flavones (chiisanensis type), they are more closely related with F. chiisanensis chemically.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.6739-6745
• /
• 2014

Acer tegmentosum Maxim (AT) is a species of the maple genus, which is native to North-Eastern China and Korea. Traditionally, AT has been already used for pain relief in Korea. On the other hand, its antidepressant-like activity and related molecular mechanisms is not completely understood. Using the Forced Swimming Test (FST), the effects of a subacute treatment with AT(100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) on the immobility and FST-induced changes to the immune parameters, cortisol, ACTH, and cytokine, in rats were investigated. The tendency of immobility showed a dose-dependent decrease in FST. The levels of cortisol, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ in the peripheral blood were increased significantly after FST exposure. Overall, these results suggest that AT treatment can decrease the immobility time and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the FST, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of AT might be involved in the antidepressant-like effect.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.04a
• /
• pp.58-58
• /
• 2019

덕항산 산림유전자원보호구역(337ha)은 강원도 삼척시 신기면에 위치하며, 남한에서 유일하게 해발고도 1,000m에 가까운 고산지대에 발달한 카르스트지형을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 석회암지대의 식생현황을 제공하여 석회석 광산 채굴 등 황폐화가 진행되고 있는 석회암지대의 식생을 복원하기위한 식생자료로 활용되고자 실시되었다. 2018년 4월 9일부터 10월 31일 까지 총 15회에 걸친 계절별 현지 조사를 실시한 결과, 덕항산 지역에서 발견된 관속식물은 90과 302속 479종 4아종 51변종 3품종 총 537분류군으로 조사되었다. 그 중 한국특산식물은 북부지방 고산지대에 자생한다고 알려진 Pseudostellaria setulosa Ohwi(숲개별꽃)과 우리나라 석회암지대에서만 발견된다고 알려진 Saussurea calcicola Nakai(사창분취)와 Peucedanum insolens Kitag.(덕우기름나물)을 포함하여 18분류군이 발견되었고, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물은 멸종위기 야생식물 II급에 속하는 Astilboides tabularis (Hmsl.) Engl.(개병풍)과 Vioela websteri Hemsl.(왕제비꽃)을 포함하여 18분류군이 분포하였다. 또한 석회암지대 지표식물 33분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물 총 113분류군이 조사되었으며, 귀화식물은 27분류군이 확인되었다. 기후변화 취약식물은 특산식물 11분류군, 북방계식물 22분류군으로 총 33분류군이 조사되었다. 본 대상지는 온대북부 석회암지대의 특성상 특산식물과 북방계식물이 주로 발견되었으며, 남방계식물은 현재까지 발견되지 않았다. 지구온난화로 인한 남방계 식물의 북상은 우려와는 달리 현재까지는 미비한 수준으로 판단되며, 북방계식물의 생육에 적합한 환경을 유지하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.87 no.2
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 1998

Sex ratios, and patterns of tree size and growth variation, resource allocation, spatial and age class distribution between the sexes were investigated in natural populations of the sexual trees, R. trichocarpa and R. sylvestris, and the mainly asexual, clonal tree, R. javanica of the dioecious Rhus (Anacardiaceae) distributed in Korea. Sex ratios for three species exhibited a significant degree of female bias, but among the populations, sex ratios were seen to vary quite widely. The measurement of tree size and annual increment of male trees in R. trichocarpa and R. sylvestris were significantly higher than those of female trees, but not significantly different in R. javanica. In all of the species, flowering branch number per individual and inflorescence number per branch of males outnumbered those of females. Branch number per individual, rachis(leaf) number per branch and rachis(leaf) number per inflorescence were more in females than in males. These results were considered as reproductive efforts to increase the pollen supply in males and the fruit production in females. Spatial distribution analysis in two different populations of R. trichocarpa indicated that males and females were randomly distributed in space, but seedlings were clumped around parental trees. Analysis of age class distributions between the sexual reproduction trees, R. triclaocarpa and R. sylvestris, and the asexual, clonal tree, R. javanica showed a different distribution in frequencies of males and females in each age class. These results showed that sexual and asexual reproduction tree species had almost different preference of habitats, and different sex ratio and annual growth.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.33 no.4 s.92
• /
• pp.336-341
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to clarify the habitat characteristics and distribution of seagrass. Zostera marina L. (Zosteraceae) in the brackish Hwajinpo Lake, Korea in June 1998 and July 2000. Z. marina beds were distributed along the sea-side cost of the lower lake mouth at 0.8 to 1.5m in death, and the seagrass bed area was about 3,200 m$^{2}$. Salinity, water temperature and pH were in the range of 8.0${\sim}$23.0$%_{o}$, 22.0${\sim}$23.7$^{\circ}C$ and 8.34${\sim}$8.62, respectively. Nutrient concentrations were generally now (TN: 24.34 ${\mu}$M, NH$_{4}$-N: 2.57 ${\mu}$M, NO$_{3}$-N: 0.56 ${\mu}$M, NO$_{2}$-N: 0.27 ${\mu}$M, TP: 2.08 ${\mu}$M, PO$_{4}$-P: 0.34 ${\mu}$M). Suspended particulate matters (SPM) concentration averaged 62.8 mg/l and particulate organic matter (POM) averaged 21.3 mg/l. Organic content of SPM averaged 33.9%. The beds substratum was composed of well-sorted, fine sand and its mean brain size was 3.13${\Phi}$. The Z. marina vegetation was almost submerged, and the morphological characteristics can be classified as steno-leaf phenotype by the shoot length, leaf width, and number of leaf vein. Shoot length and leaf width were 70.0${\sim}$126.5 cm and 5${\sim}$7 mm, respectively. Shoot densities ranged from 264 to 296/m$^{2}$, and the plants biomass was estimated at 332.6 to 373.0 g dw/m$^{2}$. Therefore, the habitats of Z. marina in Korea were recognized in a brackish lake, and morphological characteristics appeared to be variable.