• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.581-586
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• 2009

Bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum cv. Plenty) were grown under low night temperatures (LNT: day/night temperature of $28/13^{\circ}C$) and optimum night temperatures (ONT: day/night temperature of $28/20^{\circ}C$) in growth chambers. Pollen grains were collected from plants in the growth chamber and incubated at 10, 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$. After 24 hr incubation, in both ONT and LNT, the highest percent pollen germinations were observed at $25^{\circ}C$ followed by germinations at $30^{\circ}C$. Percent pollen germination at $25^{\circ}C$ was 42% in ONT - two times higher than in LNT at 21%. Pollen tube length was much longer at ONT than at LNT, regardless of incubation temperature. Compared with other treatments, earlier and quicker pollen tube elongation was observed in ONT pollen grains incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. To find pollen viability in plant growing conditions, pollen grains were incubated in LNT ($28/13^{\circ}C$) and ONT ($28/20^{\circ}C$) growth chambers for 24 hr. Petri-dishes with pollen grains were put in the growth chambers at the beginning of the night condition. Pollen grains in the LNT growth chamber did not germinate at night ($13^{\circ}C$), but began to germinate when the day condition ($28^{\circ}C$) started. Pollen grains in the ONT condition, however, started germinating from the early night ($20^{\circ}C$) and germination continued during the day ($28^{\circ}C$). Plants in LNT showed increased flower stalk length, ovary diameter, stamen length, flower weight, and fruit length. LNT conditions did not impair seed set. There were no differences in seed sets between fruits at LNT and ONT. Normal seed sets in LNT show that fertilization may be completed during daytime. However, further investigation is needed to find what extent of temperature stress causes malformed and/or parthenocarpic fruits in this bell pepper.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.378-384
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• 2013

This study was conducted to identify the effect of soil water potential on the fruit quality and yield of paprika in summer fertigation cultivation. Treatments of soil water potential during cultivation were composed of -10, -20, and -30 kPa, respectively. The plant height of early growth was increased by high soil water potential (-10 kPa) treatment all of 'Cupra' and 'E499524' (mini-paprika) varieties. Mean fruit weight was increased by -20 kPa soil water potential treatment compared with the other treatments. The fruit number per plant was not affected by soil water potential in 'Cupra' variety but was increased by -20 kPa soil water potential treatment in E499524 variety (mini-paprika). The yield of soil water potential treatment of -20 kPa was higher than those of the other treatments. The flesh thickness and sugar content were not affected by soil water potential in 'Cupra' and 'E499524' (mini-paprika) varieties. The incidence of fruit cracking was decreased with decreasing soil water potential. Mineral contents of plants such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium etc. were not affected in soil water potential.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.410-415
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• 1997

To investigate the flowering and pod setting characteristics of peanut, Dae-kwangtangkong and Shinnamkwangtangkong were planted on April 20 and May 10 in 1994 at National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station. Number of days from planting to the maximum flowering in Daekwangtangkong were shorter than those of Shinnamkwangtangkong by 6 days in April 20 planting and by 13 days in May 10 planting. Flowering durations of Daekwangtangkong and Shinnamkwangtangkong in April 10 planting were 73 and 71 days, respectively, while those of both varieties were 64 days in May 10 planting. The rates of matured pods on cotyledonary, primary or secondary, and third branches were 58∼78, 6∼15 and 0∼2％, respectively. The rates of effective flowers in Daekwantangkong and Shinnamkwangtangkong were 10％ and 8％, respectively, in April 20 planting. The rates of matured pods were 100％ in Daekwangtangkong and 97％ in Shinnamkwangtangkong when pods were set within 15 days after the initial flowering, while the rate was decreased markedly when pods were set later than 35 days after the initial flowering.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2009

Korean sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas, varieties were examined for their flowering response as a fundamental research to improve breeding efficiency by hybridization of this crop. Under 10.0~10.5 hours short day condition, self-rooted plants of three varieties such as Shinmi, Hongmi and Hwangmi flowered sparsely or moderately, and those of fourteen varieties including Eunmi flowered very sparsely. Under 10.6~12.0 hours day length condition, self-rooted plants of three varieties such as Shinmi, Hongmi and Hwangmi flowered very sparsely. Under the day length longer than 12 hours, none of the tested plants flowered. In all the sweetpotato plants grafted on morning glory, flowering occurred with varying degrees by varieties and day lengths. Under 10.0~10.5 hours day length, thirty two varieties including Hongmi flowered moderately or profusely, and one variety such as Mokgye 1 flowered sparsely. Under 10.6~12 hours day length, twenty three varieties including Sinchunmi flowered moderately or profusely, nine varieties including Jeungmi flowered sparsely, and Mokgye 1 didn't flower at all.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.543-548
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• 2012

Morphological characters of Baemoochae, xBrassicoraphanus are mostly intermedium of the both parents, Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis and radish, Raphanus sativus. The upper and lower parts of the leaf resemble the shape of Chinese cabbage and radish, respectively. The midrib of the leaf is round like to that of radish, but very big more than 3 cm in diameter and white in color like that of Chinese cabbage. The root was changed from the swollen type like that of radish to the enlarged taproot like that of the land race of Chinese cabbage after attaining genetical stability. The flower is white. The seed pod is divided into 2 different parts; the upper part is radish and about 4 cm in length and holds 3-4 seeds and the lower part is Chinese cabbage and about 3 cm in length and holds 7-8 seeds. The color of seed is brown, weight per 1.000 seeds is 5.5 g and the number of seeds per mL is 120. The matured plant in the fall season is around 5 kg in weight and outer leaves are very vigorous and stiffly and inner leaves are erect and form a loose head. The leaf and the root contain a high level of sulforaphene which is well known as a functional substance for anti-cancer and anti-super-bacteria. Baemoochae is an amphidiploid and does not have the self incompatibility function. It has a high level of cross compatibility with Chinese cabbage as the female parent, but not the male parent. It is cross incompatible to cabbage, B. oleracea, black mustard, B. nigra and radish. However it is highly compatible to oil seed rape, B. napus, yellow mustard, B. carinata and partial compatible to muatard, B. juncea in the reciprocal cross.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.615-623
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• 2009

Background: We evaluated the feasibility and the efficacy of Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) lobectomy for treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and we compared the outcomes of VATS lobectomy with those of open lobectomy. Material and Method: From 2003 to March 2008, 133 NSCLC patients underwent VATS lobectomy. The patients were selected on the basis of having clinical stage I disease on the chest CT and PET scan. The outcomes of 202 patients who underwent open lobectomy (OL group) for clinical stage I NSCLC were evaluated to compare their results with those of the patients who underwent VATS lobectomy (the VL group). Result: The number of females and the number of patients with adenocarcinoma and stage IA disease were greater in VL group (p<0.05). There was no operative mortality or major complications in the VL group. Conversion to thoracotomy was needed in 8 cases (6%), which was mostly due to bleeding. The chest tube indwelling time and the length of the postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in the VL group (p<0.001). The number of dissected lymph nodes and the size of tumor were significantly smaller in the VL group (p<0.001). For the pathologic stage I patients, there was no significant difference in the three-year survival rates between the two groups (p=0.15). Conclusion: VATS lobectomy is a safe procedure with low operative mortality and morbidity. VATS lobectomy is feasible for early stage NSCLC and it provides outcomes that are comparable to those for open lobectomy. Further long-term data are needed.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.485-491
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• 2010

A certified reference material (CRM) of KRISS 109-03-SSD was developed for the analysis of hazardous elements in soil. The target elements were As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn being regulated by the Soil Environment Conservation Act. Starting material was collected from tailing dump of an unworked tungsten mine at Sangdong (Gangwon-do, Korea). The starting material under-went through a series of fabricating process steps of screening, drying, grinding, sieving, blending, bottling, sterilization and was certified according to the ISO Guide 35. Isotope dilution-inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ID-ICP/MS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were used for the measurement. Homogeneity was tested according to ISO 13528 annex B. The certified values were determined using the results from two different methods or from two independent measurements using a method. Finally, certified values of seven elements of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc were determined. Mercury did not satisfied the criteria of homogeneity and the result would be provided for information only, together with iron and tungsten. It was also studied, the extractable fraction of elements by aqua regia according to the ISO 11466 protocol being frequently studied for the purpose of environmental monitoring. It was performed as a inter-laboratory study by 6 laboratories of a public institute and universities. Standard deviation among the laboratories was much bigger than the uncertainty of the certified value. The result of inter-laboratory study on the extractable fraction will be provided for information, only.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 1960

HARN, Chang Yawl (Chonnam U. Kwangju, Korea): Siudies on the dimorpism of the Perisicaria senticosa Nakai-Kor. jour. Bot. 3(1) 16-25 During his researches regarding the morphological and physiological properties of Polygonecenae, the author has found that the species, Persicaria senticosa, aiso, besides the heterostylous plants of Polygonum family, Fagopyrum esculentum, and Persicaria japonica which was recently verified by the author as dimorphic, shows the typical floral structure of heterostylism, the description of which is not found in taxonomical works. Further research on this species have revealed that this plant, despite pressessing characteristic structural dimorphism, does not exhibit even the slight signs of heterostlylous properties physiologically. This is a deviation from the usual behavior of normal heterostylous plants. What is interesting is the fact that the physiological behavior of this species is quite contrary to that of P. japonica which is considered to be the most highly specialized dimorphic plant. Thus it is assurred that if some species of this family had taken a heterostylic form in its course of development from autogamy to allogamy, P. seoticosa would be the least differentiated type of dimorphic forms among the three heterostylous plants, including buckwheat, of this family. The results obtained in this experiment are summarized as follows: 1) P. senticosa has two forms of flower, one, long style-short stamened; the other, short style-long stamened. Not only conspicuous is this primary difference, but the secondary difference, such as pollen grain size, is noticeable between long and short styled individuals, thus expressing structurally the definite trait of a dimorphic plant. 2) Structural alteration of floral parts towards dimorphism has preceeded far less in comparison with those of the P. japonica and F. esculentum. 3) Elaborate studies on fertility reveal that this species does not show the slightest sign of the physiological characteristics of dimorphic plants. In other words, regardless of the modes of combinations, legitimate and illegitimate, fertilization and fruit setting flourish unimpaired. 4) Growth of pollen tubes apparently parallels the results in the fertility, tubes reaching ovary approximately 30 minutes after pollination both in legitimate and illegitimate combinations. Pollen tube penetration appears to be comparatively rapid. 5) A slight difference in the growth of pollen tube seems to exist between legitimate and illegitimate combinations, legitimate union giving slightly faster tube penetration. 6) In the present experiment it was clarified that P. senticosa, known to possess one form of flower in taxonomy, is in reality dimorphic plant having two of flowers. Although this species is definitely heterostylous in floral structure, physiological evidence and pollen tube behavior show that the differentiation of this plant toward the dimorphism has apparently proceeded slightly except for some parts of floral organ. In ordinary heterostylous plants it is a matter of common occurrence that when illegitimately cmbined, there is poor or no fertility, Contrary to the universal property of heterostylous plants, no difference is observed in the fertility and pollen tube growth between the legitimate and illegitimate combinations in the case of P. senticosa. Compared to the P. japonica and F. esculentum, which are supposed to have undergone high degree of dimorphic differentiation, it is an unavoidable conclusion that P. senticosa has not yet developed as a heterostyle plant except for some of its floral parts. If P. japonica is assumed to be the most differentiated type of hetenostylous plant, thenthe P. senticosa would be regarded as the primitive, retaining still the self-fertile nature so common to the Polygonum genus. In nature, however, this plant has a better chance to be pollinated legitimately owing to the two forms of flowers than to be pollinated illegitimately. The author is indebted to Dong Chul, Kim as well as other members of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics of Chonnam National University for their efforts out the laborious experiments during the course of the present studies.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 2005

Temporomandibular joint arthritides is divided into osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis and polyarthritis. Because the signs, symptoms and radiographical features of osteoarthritis and osteoarthrosis are similar without arthralgia, diffenential diagnosis is difficult. Also non-radiographically change in early Osteoarthritis leads to misdiagnose. Planar bone scan and SPECT are useful to detect bone change early. This study was carried out in order to make diagnostic criteria of planar bone scan and SPECT. Three hundred and four temporomandibular joints were examined with clinical examination, computerized tomograph, planar bone scan, and SPECT. The obtained results were as follows. 1. If temporomandibular joint simple uptake ratio of patient in twenties is over 1.397%, it's condition may be osteoarthritis. And simple uptake ratio over in thirties-fourties may mean osteoarthritis. 2. It may mean osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint that the number of coronal and transverse SPECT frame with hot spot is over four. 3. Destructive stage may goes on, if simple uptake ratio is over 1.370% in tweenties and over 1.104% in thirties-fourties. 4. If the number of coronal SPECT frame with hot spot is over four, temporomandibular joint may be on destructive stage in tweenties, thirties-fourties. And if the number of transverse SPECT frame with hot spot is over three, it may be on destructive stage in all ages. 5. When patient complains subjective arthralgia and palpation arthralgia, bone change may be more active than each arthralgia. 6. Osteoarthritis may progress gradually worse in 4.5 anamnesis. And then it may be stable gradually and turn to osteoarthrosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.312-317
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• 2007

This study was conducted to research the morphological characteristics and analyze the genetic diversity by using RAPD in Calanthe species native to Korea. Nine samples were selected by flower color and 19 morphological characteristics. In the length and width of leaf, dorsal sepal, the lateral sepal, the petal, the central lip, and the lateral lip, C. discolor was the shortest and narrowest, respectively, but C. sieboldii was the longest and the widest, respectively. The flower stalk length was the shortest in C. discolor, and the longest in C. sieboldii. Three variants were the intermediate between C. discolor and C. sieboldii in the above morphological characteristics, but spur length was the longest in C. discolor, the shortest in C. sieboldii, and intermediate in the variants. The ovary length in C. discolor was shortest and C. sieboldii and variants were similar with each other. The flower color of C. discolor were brownish red, the value of CIE Lab was between 40 and 50. The flower color of C. sieboldii was yellowish, the value of CIE Lab was between 110 and 130. And variants had various colors between 50 to 70 in the value of CIE Lab. By analyzing multiple band patterns of PCR products, 154 bands were selected as polymorphic RAPD markers. The analysis of genetic similarity of Calanther species using RAPD showed that C. discolor and C. sieboldii are more distant from each other than variants, and these results demonstrated that genetic position of variants located between C. discolor and C. sieboldii.