• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1030-1039
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• 1997

Background : Impulse Oscillometry is a noninvasive and effort-independent test used to characterize the mechanical impedance of the respiratory system. The clinical potential of the IOS is rapid and demands only passive cooperation which makes it especially appealing for children, for epidemiologic surveys and for conditions in which quiet breathig instead of forced expiratory maneuvers are preferred. However, several studies have shown conflicting results that the role of IOS about detection of smoking induced small airway diseases or early airway obstruction Methods : Study was to evaluate the clinical ability of the IOS to detect about smoking induced early airway obstruction in persons with normal spirometry test. Respiratory asymptomatic study groups were formed that one is non-smoking group, another is smoking group. Results : The parameters of spirometry were not significantly differences between non-smoking group and smoking group. Among the parameters of IOS, total resistance(non-smoking group : smoking group=$2.22{\pm}1.20$ : $2.58{\pm}1.71$), peripheral resistance($1.25{\pm}0.62$ : $1.47{\pm}0.10$), bronchial compliance($0.44{\pm}0.12$ : $0.47{\pm}0.16$) were not statistically significant different (p<0.05), but central resistance and lung compliance were not statistically significant different (unit ; resistance=hPa/l/s, compliance=l/hPa). Resistance(Rrs) was not statistically significant different with changes of frequences(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35Hz), but Reactance(Xrs) was statistically significant different with low frequences that X5(non-smoking group : smoking group=$-0.62{\pm}0.28$ : $-0.76{\pm}0.48$, p<0.001) and X10($-0.06{\pm}0.19$ : $-0.15{\pm}0.33$, p<0.013) (unit; hPall/s, $hPa{\cong}cmH_2O$). Conclusion : Impulse oocillometer(IOS) is clinically available method to detect about smoking induced early airway obstruction. And clinically potential parameters of IOS were considers that total resistance, peripheral resistance, bronchial resistance, and reactance of low frequency at 5Hz, 10Hz.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) outcomes and the clinical characteristics of outof- hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by analyzing date in one region. A total 8 patients, survived over 72 hours after ROSC. The cardiac arrest were caused by unknown (5 cases), cardiac disease (3 cases). The most common place of cardiac arrest was in the home (6 cases), witnessed cardiac arrest (8 cases), cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystander was performed (4 cases), agonal respiration (3 cases). The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 7 cases, pulseless electrical activity (PEA) other rhythms in 1 cases. Average time from call to scene arrival 6.1 minutes, call to hospital arrival 23.0 minutes, duration of total CPR was 8.7 minutes. The certificate of them were level 1 emergency medical technician (EMT) 6 cases, level 2 EMT 3 cases, total 3 members 7 cases. To improve the rate of survival for out-ofhospital cardiac arrest victims, development of continuous CPR educational program for lay rescue.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.2 s.271
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• pp.122-127
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• 2007

Background: Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common respiratory condition and has been postulated that it develops because of rupture of subpleural blebs. Although the morphology and ultrastructure of causative lesions are well known, the reason for rupture of sbupleural blebs is not absolutely clear. Broad consensus concerning the role of meteorological factors in spontaneous pneumothorax dose not exist. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of change of atmospheric pressure and temperature on the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: One hundred twenty eight consecutive spontaneous pnemothorax events that occurred between January 2003 and December 2004 were selected. Changes of meteorological factors of particular days from the day before for 5 consecutive days were calculated and compared between the days with pneumothorax occurrence (SP days) and the days without pneumothorax occurrence (Non SP days). The correation between change of pressure and temperature and the occurrence of SP was evaluated. Result: SP occurred on 117 days (16.0%) in the 2-year period. Although there was no significant differences in change of pressure factors prior 4 days of SP occurrence compare to the 4 days prior Non SP day, change of mean pressure was higher (+0.934 vs. -0.191hPa, RR 1.042, Cl $1.003{\sim}1.082$, p=0.033), and change of maximum pressure fall was lower (3.280 vs. 4.791 hPa, RR 1.051, Cl $1.013{\sim}l.090$, p=0.009) on the 4 days prior SP day. There were significant differences in change of temperature factors prior 2 days and the day of SP, Changes of mean temperature (-0.576 vs.+$0.099^{\circ}C$, RR 0.886, 95% Cl $0.817{\sim}0.962$, p=0.004) and maximum temperature rise (7.231 vs. $8.079^{\circ}C$, RR 0.943 Cl $0.896{\sim}0.993$, p=0.027) were lower on the 2 days prior SP. But changes of mean temperature (0.533 vs. $-0.103^{\circ}C$, RR 1.141, Cl $1.038{\sim}l.255$, p=0.006) and maximum temperature rise (9.209 vs. $7.754^{\circ}C$, RR 1.123, Cl $1.061{\sim}1.190$, p=0.006) and maximum temperature rise (9.209 vs. $7.754^{\circ}C$ RR 1.123, Cl $1.061{\sim}l.190$, p=0.000) were higher on the SP days. Conclusion: Charge of atmospheric pressure and temperature seems to influence the chance of occurrence of SP. Meteorological phenomena that pressure rise 4 day prior to SP and following temperature fall and rise might explain the occurrence of SP. Further studies should be continued in the future.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.142-149
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to report the out-of-hospital resuscitation of cardiac arrest along with literature consideration. CPR is technology of resuscitating patient by maintaining oxygen supply to organ, by preventing progression from clinical death to biological death, and by recovering heart beat and circulation, through circulatory support of mechanical ventilation. It is not what every patient with cardiac standstill is revived even if being implemented CPR. Patient's survival rate is decided by how quickly and correctly CPR was executed. A patient, who wasn't witnessed the cardiac arrest on the field, was performed 5-cycle CPR for 2 minutes on the field before being transferred to hospital, and was allowed to be used AED. A person, who was observed, is recommended to be used AED immediately, and then is said to be needed ACLS (advanced cardiac life support). In the Out-of-Hospital stage, it is rare in a case that 119 Emergency Medical Service System transfers by being ROSC and in a case of executing ACLS. Cardiac arrest was witnessed on the field, but CPR wasn't executed. First-aid staff executed CPR after arriving, and led to ROSC on the field with ACLS, there by having experienced 1 case of a patient's surviving to leave hospital by being ROSC on the field.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the time from the injection of muscle relaxants to the first spontaneous respiration between sugammadex and conventional reversal for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This study was retrospectively conducted on patients who were diagnosed with gallbladder stone (N802) between January 2014 and April 2017. The data were collected from the electronic medical records of a total of 186 patients (84 patients in the neostigmine group and 102 patients in the sugammadex group). Results: The time required for the first spontaneous respiration in the sugammadex group was shorter than that in the neostigmine group (3.6 min vs 4.9 min; p<0.05). After the injection of intermediate muscle relaxants, the comparison of heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the sugammadex and neostigmine groups revealed that the heart rate in the neostigmine group was higher than in the sugammadex group after 5 min (p<0.05). The mean arterial pressure in the neostigmine group was higher than in the sugammadex group after 10 min (p<0.05). A significant adverse effect of tachycardia was observed in the neostigmine group (p<0.05), but the frequency of rescue antiemetic in the sugammadex group was significantly higher than in the neostigmine group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the unwanted effect of neostigmine group was tachycardia; therefore, in the case of patients with hemodynamic instability, sugammadex is recommended. At 12 hours after the injection of sugammadex to patients, more antiemetics were required than in the neostigmine group; therefore, more research should be conducted on postoperative nausea and vomiting.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.303-308
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• 2019

Non-traumatic acute myelopathy caused by cervical disc herniation is rare. To date, no case has been reported to be caused by extrusion cervical disc herniation, unrelated to patient posture during surgery. Here, we report the case of a 65-year-old male patient with cervical myelopathy who underwent subsequent arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery under general anesthesia; non-cervical spine surgery. Ed. Notes: I am unable to understand the insertion of the highlighted phrase. Please delete if not required, or revise the sentence appropriately. Patient showed acute postoperative tetraplegia in spite of optimal anesthetic management. He showed no limitation of neck movement at pre-operative airway evaluation, and had no history of trauma to the cervical spine. During surgery, there had been no overextension or twisting of the neck, including at the time of anesthetic induction by tracheal intubation. However, cervical disc herniation causing spinal canal cord compression was detected in the postoperative magnetic resonance imaging, which probably resulted in tetraplegia of the patient. Motor and sensory functions were recovered after 21 days of conservative treatment, including steroid pulse intravenous therapy without any surgical intervention. In this report, the disease is described after reviewing other reported cases; furthermore, we also discuss the pathophysiology of the disease. Based on our report, we propose that under general anesthesia, clinicians should pay attention to the possibility of pre-existing cervical disease, even in non-cervical spine surgeries of geriatric patients.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.279-285
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• 2005

One-lung ventilation (OLV) is the isolation and selective ventilation of one lung field. OLV allows the collapse of lung lobes on the side of the thoracic surgical approach to facilitate observation of intrathoracic structures and to achieve lung immobility. OLV be achieved by endotracheal intubation with double lumen tubes or bronchial blockers. In this study, cardiopulmonary consequences of two-lung ventilation (TLV), OLV and Re-TLV (TLV after OLV) were evaluated in 5 dogs. The dogs were anesthetized with mask induction and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Tidal volume and respiratory rates were set to maintain end-tidal $CO_2$ at $40{\pm}2mmHg$ during instrumentation. Following instrumentation, the dogs were placed in right lateral recumbency and induced spontaneously respiration state. Effect of TLV on hemodynamic and pulmonary variables were recorded. Then, the left bronchus was obstructed by endotracheal intubation with double lumen endotracheal tube to achieve OLV state and recording was continued. After OLV, double lumen endotracheal tube was extubated, and standard endotracheal tubes was intubated again. In this study, spontaneous OLV caused significant decrease in $PaO_2$, arterial oxygen saturation, mixed-venous oxygen saturation, and increase in $PaCO_2$. Especially, a significant elevation in $PaCO_2$ and respiratory acidosis were remarkable findings. So spontaneous ventilation in OLV affected gas exchange and hemodynamic function.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.951-958
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• 1996

Bet een November 1991 and December 1993, twelve patients (Male: 2, Female: 10) who had mitral valve disease without primary pulmonary disease underwent mitral valve replacement. The pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed preoperatively and postoperatively (mean, 9 months after operation). Mitral valve replacement was indicated for mitral stenosis in 9 patients and for mitral insufficiency in 3 patients. Preoperative WHh functional class were 111 in 11 patients and class rV in 1 patient. Postoperatively, ten patients (83 %) were classified into NYHA functional class 1. There was a significant decrease in cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) postoperatively (p< 0.05). The pulmonary function before operation was low compared with predicted values in vital capacity (VC) and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF 25∼75 %). The FEF 25%-75% and maximal voluntary ventilation (MW) were low compared with predicted values postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the pulmonary function before an after op- eration. Twelve patients were divided into 2 groups according to the early postoperative NYHA functional class. In class I group, the postoperative pulmonary function was significantly improved in 6 parameters (RV, FRC, TLC, FEVI , FEVI /FVC, and FEF 25∼75%), but in class ll group, there was no significant change in the pulmonary function after operation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2008

A chronic expanding hematoma (CEH) in the thorax is a rare and specific condition of chronic empyema. CEHs in the thorax are often associated with tuberculosis and/or previous surgical procedures. While the incidental detection of a pleural mass and dyspnea are common clinical manifestations, a few cases present with hemoptysis. We encountered a case of CEH in the thorax. This case is unique in that it developed without a prior history of tuberculosis or surgery and presented with massive hemoptysis accompanied by bronchopleural fistula. We report the third case of CEH in the thorax in Korea with a summary of the clinical characteristics of previous cases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1075-1081
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• 2007

We investigated whether 1) capsaicin ingestion (100 mg) enhances autonomic nervous system (ANS) activities associated with thermogenic sympathetic activity as energy metabolic modulator, 2) UCP1 and ${\beta}_{3}$-AR variants of each subjects influence with ANS activity. Eight healthy males (24.7 ${\pm}$ 1.8 yr) volunteered for this study. The cardiac autonomic nervous activities evaluated by means of heart rate variability of power spectral analysis and energy metabolism were continuously measured during 5-min rest for total 90-min resting condition with placebo or capsaicin oral administration chosen at random. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in heart rate during rest between both trials. Autonomic nervous activity increased in capsaicin tablet trial, but the difference did not reach the statistical significance. Capsaicin, however, induced significantly lower respiratory gas exchange ratio at Test3 (CAP: 0.80 ${\pm}$ 0.02 vs. 0.85 ${\pm}$ 0.02), means ${\pm}$ SE, p<0.05). In conclusion, it may be suggested the capsaicin consumption as a valuable supplement for the treatment of individual with hyperlipidemia and/or obesity by improving lipolysis. Further studies will also be considered genetic variants such as UCP1 and/or ${\beta}_{3}$-AR associated with obesity.