• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

Perceived exertion involves detection and interpretation of sensations arising from the body during physical exercise. Physiological variables such as heart rate and oxygen consumption positively correlate with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). It is unknown whether the accuracy of predicting exercise intensity from RPE differs between men and women. Therefore, it was examined whether men or women could predict relative exercise intensity, determined by oxygen consumption, more accurately from RPE. Ten male and ten female young adult subjects aged 25.1${\pm}$3.52 yr volunteered to participate. RPE were determined by the Borg 15-category scale, and a standard Bruce treadmill protocol was used to perform graded exercise testing. There was no significant difference in slope means between males and females (p=0.501). No significant difference was observed when plotting rates of perceived exertion (RPE) vs. percentage of $VO_2$ max. The relative maximal oxygen consumptions ($VO_{2max,\;}_{rel}$) were 52.36${\pm}$7.35 ml/kg/min for males and 41.44${\pm}$6.71 ml/kg/min for females, respectively and there was a significantly high difference between the two groups in the relative $VO_{2max}$, as well as figures of 4.05${\pm}$0.36 l/min for males and 2.53${\pm}$0.39 l/min for females in the absolute $VO_{2max}$ in this study. There were no significant differences in slope, y-intercept, and standard error of estimate (SEE) between males and females. No significant difference with RPE according to exercise intensity was found between males and females. However, RPE was a useful predictor of exercise intensity in independent genders.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

회전(turning)은 보행 중 방향을 바꾸는 운동 기술(motor skill)이고, 회전 전략(turning strategy)은 회전을 완수하는데 사용되는 일반적 행동 전형(generalized movement pattern)이다. 회전에 대한 보행속도의 영향은 분명하지 않다. 이 연구의 목적은 보행속도의 돌기 전략에 대한 영향을 분석하고 보행속도의 하지 내외 회전(internal and external rotation)에 대한 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 건강한 젊은 성인 15명이 이 연구에 자발적으로 참여하였다. 맥리플렉스 측정 장치(MacReflex measurement system)가 동작 분석(motion analysis)을 위해 사용되었다. 각각의 자원자들은 보행 중 90도 왼쪽으로 회전을 10회씩 완수하였다. 각각의 시도마다 보행속도를 다르게 하기 위해서 세 가지의 다른 요구들(slow, regular, fast)이 임의적으로 주어졌고 각각의 실제 보행속도가 자원자의 무게중심 변화에 따라 구해졌고 요구별 평균이 구해졌다. 회전 안쪽 발의 스핀(in side foot spin)은 보행속도가 증가함에 따라 증가했지만, 회전 바깥쪽 발의 스핀(out side foot spin)은 보행속도와 상관이 없었다. 하지의 내외 회전은 보행속도와는 상관이 없었지만, 같은쪽 발의 스핀과는 역관계가 있었다. 회전은 발 스핀이 있는 돌기와 발 스핀이 없는 돌기로 구분되는 것이 합당한 듯 하다. 제한된 시간과 공간 내에서 스핀은 보행속도가 빨라질수록 몸의 전방 운동량(forward momentum)에서 몸의 전방 운동량(forward momentum)으로의 전환이 스핀이 없는 회전 시보다 효율적이다. 고관절의 내외 회전 근육들은 회전전략에 상관없이 회전되는 동안 몸의 역학(body mechanics)을 조절하는데 중요한 역할을 맡고 있는 것으로 보인다. 앞으로 회전 시 몸의 생체 역학적 그리고 신경 근육적 기전들(biomechanical and neuromuscular mechanisms)을 밝히는 연구들이 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.187-193
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• 2020

This study is proposed to the effects of interval training by different intensity on body fat, flexibility, agility, quickness, and maximal oxygen consumption. A total of 30 healthy men voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomized to moderate aerobic exercise(n=15) and high-intensity interval training groups(n=15). Exercise programs lasted for six weeks, with each session occurring four times per week for 50 minutes per session. There were significant differences in fat and physical fitness according to flexibility, agility, quickness, and maximal oxygen consumption within the high-intensity interval training groups(p<.05). For the moderate aerobic exercise group, there was a significant difference in fat, flexibility, maximal oxygen consumption(p<.05). There were significant differences between groups for fat, flexibility, agility and quickness(p<.05). Therefore using high-intensity interval training will significantly benefit obese young men in musculoskeletal capacity and quickness.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.523-529
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• 2010

Recently, several research groups have been investigating the motion of flagellated bacteria, with the aim of examining the feasibility of using bacterial chemotaxis as an efficient power source for microactuators. In this study, microparticle-tracking velocimetry ($\mu$-PTV) is used for investigating the motion of fluorescent microbeads propelled by bacterial chemotaxis. Flagellated bacteria, Serratia marcescens, are spontaneously attached to the surface of the fluorescent polystyrene (PS) microbeads in an aqueous culture. The microbeads thus treated are injected into the test medium, which contains the solidified chemoattractant L-aspartate. With time, the particles slowly move toward the zone in which the L-aspartate concentration is high. This study shows that chemotaxis of flagellated bacteria can be applied as an efficient power source for microactuators.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.1 s.15
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• pp.31-40
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• 1974

1. The authors investigated the effects of $PGE_1$ on the action of sympathomimetics in the vas deferens of guinea-pig, comparing with those in the rat vas deferens, and also the action of $PGE_1$ on the motility of nerve-free smooth muscle of chick amnion. 2. In the isolated guinea-pig vas deferens, the actions of phenylephrine and norepinephrine were much potentiated by pretreatment with $PGE_1$. Futher, in the isolated hypogastric nerve-vas deferens preparation of guinea-pig, effects of phenylephrine, norepinephrine and tyramine on the contractile response of vas to the hypogastric nerve stimulation and to the transmural stimulation were also augumented especially in tension by $PGE_1$-pretreatment. 3. In the isolated hypogastric nerve-vas preparation of rat, both contractile responses to hypogastric nerve and transmural stimulation were slowly reduced by treatment with $PGE_1$ and the potentiated effect of phenylephrine or norepinephrine was not observed in spite of pretreatment with $PGE_1$. 4. The actions of phenylephrine and norepinephrine on the denervated vas deferens of guinea-pig were also enhanced by $PGE_1$ as it were in the intact vas deferens, but there was no significant effect by $PGE_1$ on the action of norepinephrine in the denervated rat vas deferens. 5. $PGE_1$ in low concentration $(10^{-8}g/ml)$ did not affect the spontaneous motility of nerve-free smooth muscle of chick amnion ($9{\sim}11$ th day incubated chick), but in large concentration $(5{\times}10^{-8}g/ml)$ it caused irregular and slightly inhibitory movement. Pretreatment with $PGE_1$ on chick amnion did not exert any change on the action of phenylephrine applied. However, the stimulatory action of physostigmine on the chick amnion was a little antagonized by the low concentration of $PGE_1$. 6. It might be summarized that there is species difference between the actions of $PGE_1$ on the vas deferens of guinea-pig and that of rat, and the action of $PGE_1$ on the guinea-pig vas deferens might be mediated by the other mechanism rather than by direct action on the vas musculature.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.142-145
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• 2013

Equine motor neuron disease (EMND) is a spontaneous neurologic disorder of horses, which results from the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem. An 8-year-old Jeju pony gelding presented with weight loss, muscle tremors, frequent recumbence, low head carriage, sweating, and standing with four limbs close together. The gelding has been on the same stable and limited access to pasture for several years. The gelding has been fed with dried hays and commercial concentrated feeds. Laboratory test revealed very low serum vitamin E level (0.14 ${\mu}g/mL$; reference range > 1.5 ${\mu}g/mL$), mildly elevated creatine kinase (402 IU/L; reference range 119-287 IU/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (876 IU/L; reference range 226-336 IU/L). Oral glucose absorption test showed decreased glucose absorption. Histopathologic examination using a biopsy specimen from sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle revealed atrophic and hypertrophic muscle fiber, centralization of nucleus, degenerating and necrotic muscle fibers. Taken together, the gelding was diagnosed as EMND. After oral vitamin E administrated for 5 weeks, the gelding showed normally improved stance, decreased periods of recumbency, improved head carriage and weight gain except consistent tremors. This is the first report that successfully treated EMND case occurred in a Jeju pony in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2023

Tardive dyskinesia is an involuntary neurological movement disorder caused by long-term use of dopamine receptor-blocking drugs leading to dental implications like uncontrolled gnashing and grinding of teeth which in turn imperil the oral rehabilitation procedures as the excessive load increases the risk of prosthesis fracture. A 40-year male with a medical history of tardive dyskinesia visited the hospital to receive oral rehabilitation for missing maxillary anterior teeth. After the oral examination, tooth preparation was done on teeth 13, 15, and 23. After that silicon impression was made and the gypsum cast was digitalized using a desktop scanner and an interim prosthesis was fabricated by milling a resin block. During the try-in, the occlusal one-third of the interim prosthesis was trimmed, and an auto-polymerizing acrylic resin was applied on the occlusal surfaces and inserted in the patient's mouth. Then, the functionally generated path (FGP) of occluding surfaces of opposing arches was traced on the resin surface. When the resin was hardened, the modified interim prosthesis was removed and digitized using an intraoral scanner. The scan image was used in designing the occlusal morphology of definitive prosthesis by modifying the design of the interim prosthesis using the dual scan method. Lastly, a monolithic zirconia prosthesis was fabricated by milling a zirconia block. The definitive prosthesis was delivered reflecting the patient's occlusal scheme. This case report shows that the FGP technique with the dual scan method can help in fabricating fixed prosthesis with harmonious occlusion in a tardive dyskinesia patient.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to suggest the effective squat exercise position to strengthening vastus medialis oblique, and vastus lateralis in quadriceps. Subjects were twenty patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects were applied to static squat convergence exercise with knee flexed $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ for 30 seconds total 5 times. Measurement variables were maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps, Q angle and length of thigh. Those were measured before and after the squat exercise on knee joint angle, change rate of which were used for statistical analysis. As a result, squat exercise with knee flexed $90^{\circ}$ increase significantly among knee joint angle in the MVIC change rates of quadriceps (p<.05), however the rates of Q-angle and length change of thigh showed no significant difference. Therefore, this findings suggest that squat exercise with knee flexed $90^{\circ}$ strengthen quadriceps effectively in patients with PFPS.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.127-132
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• 2019

Exercising and stretching are essential for the growth of children, but recently, children's outdoor activities are limited due to social risks such as fine dust and child crime. It has increased the need for children's programs that can be safely and easily followed indoors. In this paper, we developed a system to induce and manage children's voluntary stretching to support growth. The system developed in this paper recognizes the child's stretching motions in real-time using Kinect to evaluate the match rate with the standard motions. The system gives users the results with a calendar and check stamp to provide voluntary motivation for the child and to provide parents with systematic management of the child's progress.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.377-382
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• 2004

In the present study, thirteen healthy volunteers performed lumbar extension exercises at 48$^{\circ}$/s, loaded by 40, 50, 60kg(about 44, 55, 66％ of maximum voluntary contraction). During the whole period of exercises, electromyographic(EMG) signal was measured in the erector spinae muscle in order to determine muscle fatigue. Using the wavelet transform, EMG signal was separated by various frequency ranges in the time-frequency domain, and muscle fatigue was analyzed, comparing with the results based on the median frequency(MDF). MDF shifted toward the lower frequency ranges with the muscle fatigue, showing a single characteristic frequency. On the other hand, wavelet transform of EMG signals resulted in increased power amplitude in lower frequency ranges(0-125Hz), and decreased power amplitude in higher frequency ranges(375-468Hz). This study reveals that the muscle fatigue during dynamic movement is explained better by wavelet analysis.