• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.273-276
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• 2009

We investigated eight active natural antimicrobials for preservation of functional beverages that are usually degraded by yeasts rather than by bacteria due to a high sugar content and a low pH. Five strains of yeasts (S. cerevisiae, Z. bailii, P. membranaefaciens, C. albicans, and P Anomala) were tested with eight natural antimicrobial agents ($\varepsilon$-polylysine, yucca extract, vitamin $B_1$ derivative, scutellaria baicalensis extract, chitooligosaccharid, allyl isothiocyanate, sucrose-fatty acid ester, and oligosaccharide). The lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 10 ppm for oligosaccharide and sucrose-fatty acid ester against S. cerevisiae and Z. bailii, 10 ppm for allyl isothiocynate against P. membranaefaciens and C. albican, and 10 ppm for allyl isothiocynate and oligosaccharide against P. anomala. No growth were observed for five kinds of yeasts in functional beverages containing sodium benzonate at concentration of 0.015% or higher. The resistance of S. cerevisiae, Z. bailii, and P. Anomala against natural antimicrobial agents was lower than those of P. membranaefaciens and C. albican. Allyl isothiocyanate, oligosaccharide, and sucrose-fatty acid ester showed the highest antimicrobial activities among the eight tested antimicrobials. These results can be applied to develop new natural antimicrobial agents to improve microbial quality of functional beverages.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 1971

Average and effective energies for 239Pu-Be, 241Am-Li and 241Am-F neutron sources have been calculated from a number of published data for the neutron spectra and for the dose equivalent as a function of neutron energies by a numerical method. Also a calculation of the dose equivalent conversion factors, i. e., the first collision dose equivalent and the surface (or multicollision) dose equivalent that equals the product of surface-absorbed dose and a corresponding quality factor, per unit fluence of neutrons from these sources has been carried out in the same way as before. The results are as follows : 1. for average energies 4.07$\pm$0.33, 0.42 and 1.41 MeV； 2. for effective energies based on the concept of the first collision process in the human body 4.45$\pm$0.344, 0.51 and 1.47 MeV; 3. for effective energies based on the concept of the multi-collision process in the human body 4.50$\pm$0.36, 0.50 and 1.45 MeV； 4. for fluence-first collision dose equivalent conversion factors (2.74$\pm$0.07)10$^{-8}$ , 1.58$\times$ 10$^{-8}$ and 2.34$\times$10$^{-8}$ rems/(n/$\textrm{cm}^2$); and 5. for fluence-surface dose equivalent conversion factors (3.55$\pm$0.09)10$^{-8}$ , 2.19$\times$10$^{-8}$ and 2.82$\times$10$^{-8}$ rems/(n/$\textrm{cm}^2$) : respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.197-212
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• 1988

To study the effect of preventing the browning reaction between casein and glucose by protecting the reactants using corn starch with coating material, rats were fed for 30 days nonbrowning diet, nonprotected browning diet, browning diet protected only casein, browning diet protected both casein and glucose and browning diet supplement sucrose simultaneously with protecting both casein and glucose. The amounts of fructosyl-lysine excreted through urine were greater than those through feces regardless of diets and the both side of the excreted amounts of fructosly-lysine through urine or feces were greater for rats fed browning diets regardless protecting compared to rats fed the nonbrowning diet. Through urine, the excreted amounts of fructosyl-lysine were decreased for rats fed the browning diet supplemented sucrose simultaneously with protecting both casein and glucose than those for rats fed the nonprotected browning diet and through feces, were decreased for rats fed protected browning diets regardless of protecting method than the nonprotected browning diet. The excreted amounts of all individual essential free amino acids through feces were increased for rats fed browning diets irrespective of protecting compared to the nonbrowning diet, but through urine, were increased or similar level for rate fed the nonbrowning diet compared to browning diets except histidine. The excreted amount of free lysine through feces were decreased for rats fed protected browning diets than nonprotected browning diet. Fructosyl-lysine contents of serum, liver and small intestinal digesta were increased for rats fed browning diets regardless of protecting by starch compared to nonbrowning diet but, of serum and small intestinal digesta were decreased for rats fed protected browning diets than the nonprotected browning diet.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 1992

This study was divided into experiment 1(191 g egg-albumen plus 150g sucrose) and experiment 2(222g egg-albumen plus 150g sucrose)which were subdivided into groups treated with 0, 8.71, 17.43 and 26.149 egg yolk. These experiments were incubated in a shaking water bath($50^{\circ}C$ ) with a speed of 92(turnaround) per minute (or a period of times. The pH and specific gravity were measured after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours incubation. The results obtained were as follows ： 1. The pH and specific gravity were steadily increased by shaking time, but decreased by the amount of egg yolk. 2. In the groups treated with egg-albumen, egg yolk, and sucrose of experiments 1 and 2, PH was increased by shaking time and reached highest value at 10 hours shaking time. However, after 12 hours shaking time pH slightly decreased though not significantly. 3. In the experiment 1 and 2, specific gravity had a higher correlation with pH and the regression equation between specific gravity and pH (X) were Y＝0.1081x+0.272(r＝0.899n) and Y＝0.083X＋0.476(r＝0.825$^{* *}$), respectively.y.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.229-240
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• 2010

Most of all researchs and analyses in the field of television industry of Korea were related to Cable Television SO(System Operator), but few about PP(Program Provider) from the viewpoint of Industrial Theory in Korea. However, there wasn't a comprehensive research analysis in terms of the co-relationship of the market structure, market conduct and market performance of PP. This research analyzes co-relationship and dynamics of the market structure of PP, its market conduct and market performance in a comprehensive way in Cable TV industry. Especially this paper focuses on the analysis of 1)relationship and its influence between market structure and market conduct, 2) relationship and its influence between their market conducts and market performances and 3) relationship and its influence between market structure and market performance among 40 commercial PPs in terms of the theory of Industrial Organization in Korea. This paper is delated and reported as follows in conclusion : 1)the type of horizontal integration has an effect on the price and scale in the relationship between the structure and its conduct. 2)the price has effect on the revenue and viewing rate between the conduct and performance. And high dependency of the Cable TV license fee has an effect on viewing rate and revenue per subscribers(ARPU) between the conduct and performance. 3)The horizontal integration between the structure and performance had a positive effect on viewing rate and its product differentiation has an effect on the revenue per subscribers. Net cost of the product had a negative effect on the rate of profit.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.424-433
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the salivary concentration of Potassium and Magnesium cations and their variation before and after sucrose and glucose rinse, and to investigate the relationship between the levels of each compound. Saliva samples were obtained from 40 subjects before and up to 60 min after intake of a 10% sucrose and glucose solution at 1-month intervals. Potassium and Magnesium in human saliva were determined via anion-exchange chromatography with an anion-suppressed conductivity detector using 12 mM sulfuric acid. The concentrations of Potassium and Magnesium before sucrose rinse were 274.3±77.9 mg/ℓ and 4.5±2.5 mg/ℓ, also, the concentrations of Potassium and Magnesium before glucose rinse were 279.2±62.1 mg/ and 4.8±2.0 mg/ℓ, respectively. Potassium and Magnesium concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.05) after sucrose rinse. The content of potassium and magnesium in saliva before and after rinsing sucrose and glucose is difficult to standardize or classify, as previous research. The reason for the variation between individuals is large, and easily changed by chemical or physiological stimulation. However, this study was experiment for the purpose of accumulating basic data for saliva.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 1997

The canned fruit flesh of orange (Onju, Citrus unshi Marc.) was stored at $5^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;and{\;}30^{\circ}C$ for 4 months and the contents of sugar, organic acids and vitamin C of stored orange were investigated. The contents of reducing sugar of orange stored for 4 months slightly increased from 4.91% to $5.39{\sim}7.95%$ and decreased as the temperature rised. The sugar was composed of $6.63{\sim}18.09%$ sucrose, $3.86{\sim}9.12%$ glucose and $3.59{\sim}9.51%$ fructose. The content of sucrose used in manufacturing process was the highest and decreased as the temperature rised and as the storage period prolonged, whereas the contents of glucose and fructose increased as the storage period prolonged. The content of citric acid in the sample was the highest $(50.41{\sim}90.15\;mg%)$ among the-citric, malic, maleic, ${\alpha}-ketoglutaric$ and oxalic acids. The organic acids decreased as the temperature rised after storage for 4 months. The content of vitamin C was $8.28{\sim}14.29\;mg%$ and decreased most pronouncedly at $30^{\circ}C$ after storage. The color of the samples did not change significantly, but the degree of transparency, L was $20.41{\sim}23.01$ after storing the sample.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2008

Eight species of Korean native lilies were used as plant materials and investigated for the effect of temperature, day length, and sucrose on enlargement of bulblet in vitro. enlargement of bulblet was enhanced at $25^{\circ}C$ in most of Korean native lilies tested, meanwhile it was promoted at $20^{\circ}C$ in L. davuricum and L. hansonii. Moreover, enlargement of bublet was promoted under dark in L. concolor var. parthneion, L. distichum, L. amabile, and L. davuricum, to the contrary fresh weight was increased under longer day length in L. hansonii and L. maximowitzii. That of L. concolor var. parthneion and L. cernuum was not affected by light or dark condition. Fresh weight of the bulblets produced in vitro of most Korean native lilies tested was increased with increasing sucrose concentration and best at $120g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose in medium. However, enlargement of bublet was promoted by $60g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose in L. tsingtauense and L. cernuum and by $90g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in L. davuricum. Bulblet enlargement tended to promote by lower rate of scaly leaf occurrence or separating bulblet and it was affected by occurrence of scaly leaf rather than separation of bulblet. However, occurrence of scaly leaf, separation of bulblet, and enlargement of bulblet were more significantly affected by genetic factors, species rather than culture conditions.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.455-462
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• 2020

Leuconostoc mesenteroides CJNU 0705 was isolated from a breast milk sample and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and confirmed by its ability to produce dextran from tryptic soy agar plates supplemented with 2% sucrose. This strain can absorb various heavy metals including lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) which are both found in fine dust and have been shown to be harmful to human skin. In addition, Leu. mesenteroides CJNU 0705 has demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, the primary causative agent of acne. Given these traits it was natural to evaluate the use of this strain in the fermentation of several natural extracts from green tea, carrot, annual wormwood, parsley, broccoli, and corn silk, which are known to improve skin health, to see if it could increase their dextran content when supplemented with no sucrose, 2% sucrose, or 2% sucrose and 3% yeast extract. The extracts supplemented with both yeast and sucrose were found to produce the most dextran, which was confirmed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. These results suggest that Leu. mesenteroides CJNU 0705 and its fermented natural extracts could be used as functional materials for improving human skin health.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

전자방출에서 에너지 교환과 역온도를 새롭게 계산하였다. 전자방출에서 대체전자들에 유용한 빈상태들을 만드는 요소로 터널링 효과를 이 계산에서 고려하였다. 그것은 방출부분에서 일어나는 대체 관정을 설명하기 위해서는 빈상태를 만드는데 터널링 기여가 필수적이기 때문이다. 이렇게 계산하여 온 도와 전장의 함수로 얻어진전자당 에너지 교환은 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다. 또한 전장의 함수로 얻어 진 역온도도 실험치와 만족할 만한 일치를 보여주었다. 이 결과는 대체전자들의 평균에너지에 대한 노 팅햄-플레밍과 헨더슨의 논쟁에서 후자의 견해를 지지하는 것이다.