• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.35-38
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• 2006

The polarized direction of MT field was analyzed using the MT dataset measured in the Korean Peninsula. The atmospherics above 1 Hz has a large dispersion of polarized direction, whereas the Schumann resonance near 8 Hz exhibits the predominant direction ranging from $N20^{\circ}W$ to NS. The electromagnetic field variations below 0.1 Hz, induced by magnetic pulsations, show a strongly polarized direction of nearly NS. It results from the regular pulsations since the regular pulsation fields, driven by Alfv.n's wave in the magnetosphere, has a worldwide predominant direction of NS. The MT field strongly polarized along NS direction causes the poorly behaved XY impedance.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.232-240
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• 2015

Magnetotelluric (MT) survey investigates electrical structure of subsurface by measuring natural electromagnetic fields on the earth surface. For the accurate interpretation of MT data, the precise three-dimensional (3-D) modeling algorithm is prerequisite. Since MT responses are affected by electrical anisotropy of medium, the modeling algorithm has to incorporate the electrical anisotropy especially when analyzing time-lapse MT data sets, for monitoring engineered geothermal system (EGS) reservoir, because changes in different-vintage MT-data sets are small. This study developed a MT modeling algorithm for the simulation MT responses in the presence of electrical anisotropy by improving a pre-existing staggered-grid finite-difference MT modeling algorithm. After verifying the developed algorithm, we analyzed the effect of vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) anisotropy on MT responses. In addition, we are planning to extend the applicability of the developed algorithm which can simulate not only the horizontal transversely isotropic (HTI) anisotropy, but also the tiled transversely isotropic (TTI) anisotropy.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.203-208
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• 2005

We have performed magnetotelluric (MT) surveys to investigate the deep crustal structure of Gyeongsang basin. The MT data were collected in the frequency range from 0.00042 to 320Hz along a profile across the Gyeongsang basin, and 2-D inversion was carried out to interpret the geoelectrical structure. We also extracted gravity data around the MT profile from KIGAM database and calculated the density inversion to compare with the geoelectrical structure. The results obtained are good agreement with geological distribution and indicate contrasts of physical properties of sedimentary rock, igneous rock and metamorphic rock.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

Two-dimensional (2-D) inversion of magnetotelluric (MT) data for two survey lines having south-north direction from Jeiu Island has been carried out. The 2-D models show a thick layer having around 10 ohm-m in the depth of a few hundred meters throughout the survey area, which can be considered as the unconsolidated sedimentary layer. And they also show a conductive anomaly at the central part of each survey lines. But unfortunately by now, we do not have any further information about the anomaly. Comparison of the 2-D inversion model using MT band only and that using both AMT and MT bands said that it is helpful for us to include AMT band as well as MT band in the inversion to interpret not only the shallow part but also the deep structures.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 2009

A magentotelluric (MT) survey at the Uiseong area has been performed for the site investigation of pilot scale $CO_2$ sequestration. The purpose of the MT survey is to delineate deeply extended fracture systems that can act as a leakage path of injected $CO_2$ Plume. Since the target area is extremely noisy in electromagentic sense, low frequency data below 1 Hz cannot be used for inversion. Two- and three-dimensional interpretation of the MT data showed a very clear conductive anomaly, which has the direction of $N55\sim65^{\circ}W$ and is extended roughly down to 1.6 km. It have the same direction with the strike-slip faults, the Gaeum and Geumcheon Faults. On the contrary, the eastern part of the survey area shows relatively homogeneous to the depth of 2 km though some small fractures at shallow depths can be found. Test drilling and high-definition borehole surveys should be followed at the eastern part of the survey area and hydraulic fracturing is required for injection of $CO_2$, because mean porosity of the sedimetary rock in the area is only 1.47%.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2007

The marine seismic prospecting using a research vessel in the shallow sea near the coastal area has certain limits according to the water depth and survey environment. Also, for the electrical resistivity survey at seashore area, one may need a specially designed high-voltage source to penetrate the very conductive surface layer. Therefore, we have conducted a feasibility study on the application of magnetotelluric method (MT), a passive geophysical method, on investigating of shallow marine environment geology. Our study involves both theoretical modeling and field survey at the tidal flat area which represent the very shallow marine environment. We have applied the audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) method to the intertidal deposits of Gunhung Bay, west coast of Korea, and analysed the field data both qualitatively and quantitatively to investigate the morphology and sedimentary stratigraphy of the tidal flat. The inversion of AMT data well reveals the upper sedimentary layer of Holocene intertidal sediments having a range of 13-20 m thickness and the erosional patterns at the unconformable contact boundary. However, the AMT inversion results tend to overestimate the depth of basement (30-50 m) when compared with the seismic section (27-33 m). Since MT responses are not significantly sensitive to the resistivity of middle layer or the depth of basement, the AMT inversion result for basement may have to be adjusted using the comparison with other geophysical information like seismic section or logging data if possible. But, the AMT method can be an effective alternative choice for investigating the seashore area to get important basic informations such as the depositional environment of the tidal flat, sea-water intrusion and the basement structure near the sea shore.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.197-202
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• 2005

The electromagnetic signals associated with the seismic activity in the south-east offshore of Kii peninsula, Japan, were clearly recorded at the MT sites in Jeju island, Korea. In this research, we have identified the co-seismic electromagnetic signals associated with the seismic activity and have analyzed the characteristics of significant electromagnetic variations. The analysis of phase velocity, power spectral density, MT impedance and polarization direction shows that the significant earthquake signals have the frequency band of about 0.05 to 0.5 Hz and that the sources of electromagnetic field are local effects of passing seismic waves. The simple approximation using electrokinetic effect successfully explains the co-seismic EM signals coincides with measured data but cannot explain the localities of electromagnetic variations.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.227-239
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• 2007

The MT data at the Okchon Belt show peculiar phase responses exceeding $90^{\circ}$. A reasonable explanation is that those responses are due to an electrical anisotropy structure which is composed of a narrow anisotropic block and an anisotropic layer. Considering the dominant anisotropic strikes of the block (NE-trend) and the layer (NW-trend) inferred from the MT data, if existing, the electrical anisotropy in the Okchon Belt was probably produced by the deformations in the pre-Jurassic period, since the NE-trending shearing or thrusting should create alternating bands of metamorphic rocks and fractures with NE-trending. Correlation of the structural strike of 2-D block with the latest EW-trending deformation events demonstrates that the geometrical structure of the anisotropic block was formed by the latest Daebo and Bulgugsa orogeny.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2014

We investigate the spatial distribution of highly conductive layer using the one-dimensional inversions of the new magnetotelluric (MT) measurements obtained at the mid-mountain (400 ~ 900 m in elevation) western area of Jeju Island and the previous MT data over Jeju Island, Korea. The conductive layer indicates the sedimentary layer comprised of Seoguipo Fomation and U Formation. There is a definite positive correlation between the top of conductive layer and the earth surface in elevation. On the contrary, the bottom of conductive layer has a negative correlation with the surface elevation. In other words, the conductive layer has a shape of convex lens, which is thickest in the central part. The basement beneath the conductive layer could be concave in the central part of Jeju Island. A kriging considering the correlation between the layer boundary and the surface elevation provides a reliable geoelectric structure model of Jeju Island. However, further studies, i.e. three-dimensional modeling and interpretation integrated with other geophysical or logging data, are required to reveal the possible presence of three-dimensional conductive body near the subsurface vent of Mt. Halla and the causes of the bias in the depths of layer estimated from MT and core log data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

A magnetotelluric survey and geological survey have been performed to delineate deeply extended fracture systems at the geothermal field in Seokmo Island, Inchon, Korea. One borehole(BH-1) succeed to meet a large fracture system at the depth of 750 m where approximately $72^{\circ}C$ geothermal water is overflowing, while the other borehole(BH-2), which is about 200 m eastward from BH-1, failed to develop enough geothermal water even at the depth of 1,200m. Though there have been so many electric noise sources around the survey region, good quality of MT data above 1 Hz could be obtained with careful installation, remote reference processing. Inversion of MT data for two lines roughly perpendicular to the two major lineaments respectively show that the two lineaments are related to the fracture systems that are extended at least down to 1.5 km depth and inclined eastwards. From the interpretation, additional drilling for BH-2 is recommended and finally meet the fracture systems at the depth of 1,280 m and resulted in overflow of large amount of geothermal water of temperature $69.4^{\circ}C$ from BH-2.