• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 1998

Purpose : Because adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix have lower 5-year survival rate than squamous cell carcinomas due to early lymph node metastasis and local extension, scrutiny of lymph node metastasis and local extension by radiologic examination is necessary in case of clinically diagnosed or suspected adenocarcinomas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there are specific findings of these tumors, compared with squamous cell carcinomas, through the analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. Materials and Methods : Of 21 pathologically proven cervical adenocarcinomas, MR imaging findings of 18 tumors (histologic staging : two Ib, four IIa, two IIb, one IIIa, and one IIIb) were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 40 wquamous cell carcinoma in consecutive patients as a control group. T1-wetighted and fast spin echo T2-weighted images were obtained on the axial and sagittal planes, using a 1.5-T MR scanner. The largest diameter, location, signal intensity and degree of contrast enhancement contour, shape and longitudinal extent of the tumor and associated findings on MR image were analyzed. Results : The largest diameters of cervical adenocarcinomas ranged from 0.8 to 4.1 cm(mean, 2.2 cm). Of 18 adenocarcinomas, nine were of endocervical type. All adenocarcinomas were isointense to surrounding cervical stroma on T1-weighted images and hyperintense(homogeneous in ten, inhomogeneous in eight) on fast spin echo T2-weighted images. Adenocarcinomas enhanced on contrast study in all patients (homogeneous in six, inhomogeneous in 12 with hyperintese enhnacing rim in two). Eight adenocarcinomas had smooth contours and ten had irregular ones. The shape of adenocarcinoma was irregular in eight patients, barrel shape in six, papillary/polypod in three, and nodular in one. All adenocarcinomas involved lower half of the uterine cervix and six tumors extended up to the upper half. Pelvic lymph nodes of more than 1.5cm in diameter in two adenocarcinomas pateints and no detectable small pelvic lymph nodes on MR imaging in one patient were pathologically positive. Hydrometra was associated in two adenocarcinomas patients, and hematometra in one patient. Compared with squamous cell carcinomas, more frequent MR findings of endocervical type and barrel shape in cervical adenocarcinomas were statistically significant. Conclusion : Cervical adenocarcinomas had more frequent MR findings of endocervical type and barrel shape, compared with wquamous cell carcinomas. Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix may be suspected on MR imaging, when a cervical carcinoma is of barrel shape along the endocervical canal and tends to involve lymth nodes in earlier stages.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.303-306
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• 2011

A 12-year-old female mixed breed dog receiving a progesterone drug was referred for evaluation of an abdominal mass. Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography revealed a swollen uterus and an associated mass. Serum chemistry revealed hyperglobulinemia consistent with acute inflammation based on the results of serum protein electrophoresis. Fine needle aspiration of the mass guided by ultrasonography was performed for cytological evaluation. The cytological impression was consistent with adenocarcinoma. Exploratory laparotomy identified a uterine body mass, which was surgically removed for histopathology. Histology of the mass identified a uterine adenocarcinoma. Immunochemistry using anti-estrogen and progesterone receptor antibodies was performed and neoplastic cells were negative to both antibodies while some normal elements were reactive to both of them. Computer tomography demonstrated evidence of metastatic disease in the lung one week after the surgery and the dog died about 40 days after surgery.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.310-314
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• 2013

A 12-year-old, female mixed breed dog presented with a vaginal mass protruding outside the vulva. The patient was non-gravid, with normal defecation and urination. Serum chemistry revealed azotemia and increased alkaline phosphatase. Hematology findings were normal. Blood electrolytes showed mild hypernatremia. Ultrasonography demonstrated severely enlarged uterine horns, a uterine body with anechoic to hypoechoic fluids, and a focal hypoechoic area within the mass of the right uterine tube. On computed tomography, metastasis was not confirmed. Other computed tomography findings suggested a right ovarian cyst, an enlarged, fluid-filled uterus, and an enlarged vagina with a mass. Ovariohysterectomy, episiotomy, and vaginectomy were performed. The case was diagnosed as uterine tube adenocarcinoma, vaginal fibroma, and pyometra. This case is the first reported concurrent occurrence in dogs.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 1990

Endometrial papillary serous carcinoma (EPSC) is a distinct variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma that histologically resembles ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma and has an aggressive clinical course. Usually, the tumor is diagnosed at the advanced stage. The tumor has well confused with metastatic ovarian tumor of identical histology. Dignosis of EPSC should be considered when the cervico-vaginal smear reveals nomerous papillary clusters of tumor cells with macronucleoli and psammoma bodies. Recently, we have experienced two cases of EPSC diagnosed on cervico-vaginal smears, which revealed characteristic cytologic features including numerous papillary clusters of tumor cells with macronucleoli. The cytologic diagnoses were confirmed on histologic sections.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.542-545
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• 2011

A 12-year-old Yorkshire Terrier bitch evaluated with vaginal prolapsed and vaginal bleeding. Abdominal sonography and radiography demonstrated abnormal enlargement of uterus in abdominal cavity. The dog had been submitted to the vaginal mass resection and the ovariohysterectomy. In gross examination, the vaginal mass was firm and multiple cysts were detected in both ovaries and uterine horns. In microscopic examination, vaginal fibroma, uteroovarian cystadenocarcinoma were revealed. To our knowledge, this report is a very rare case of multiple complex neoplasms in the genital organs of dog. These findings may contribute to study and enhance the knowledge on genital tumors.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2013

A 10-year-old spayed female Pekinese dog was referred to veterinary medical teaching hospital of Chonbuk National University with signs of dysuria, abdominal distension, and hematuria. Abdominal radiography revealed a large oval soft tissue mass in cranial abdomen, which was a fluid filled cyst containing a round mass by ultrasonography. Exploratory laparatomy found a 4 cm cyst containing reddish brown fluid and a 1.5 cm small round mass attached to the wall. Cytological impression of the imprint smears of the resected mass were highly malignant adenocarcinoma, which was confirmed by histopathology of the mass and the cyst. After the surgery the patient recovered uneventfully and discharged. The tumor recurred about one year after surgery, and second surgery performed at the owner's request. However the tumor recurred in two months with metastatic disease in the lung and the dog survived three more months after surgery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.241-247
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• 2007

자궁 경부 세포진 영상의 핵 추출을 위해서는 영상의 배경과 핵 그리고 세포질 영역의 구분이 중요하다. 또한 정상 세포핵과 암종 세포핵의 구분 및 인식을 위해서는 세포핵들의 형태학적 특징을 이용한 분류 기준을 세워야한다. 본 논문에서는 자궁 경부 세포진 영상에서 세포핵의 후보 영역과 핵을 추출하기 위해 현미경 400배율 확대 사진을 획득하는 과정에서 훼손된 컬러 영상을 복원하기 위한 방법으로 Lighting Compensation을 적용하여 영상을 보정한다. 그리고 배경 영역과 세포핵 영역을 구분하기 위해 영상의 R,G,B 영역의 히스토그램의 분포를 이용하여 배경을 제거한다. 배경이 제거된 영상을 그레이 영상으로 변환 한 후, 히스토그램 명암도의 값을 이용하여 세포핵 영역과 세포질을 분류하여 세포핵 영역을 추출한다. 그리고 Kapur 방법을 적용하여 세포핵 영역의 엔트로피 누적확률을 구한 후, 영상을 이진화 한다. Kapur 방법이 적용된 이진화 영상에서 세포핵 영역의 중심과 주위 화소를 비교하는 $3\times3$ 마스크를 적용하여 영상의 미세한 잡음을 제거 한 후, 8방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 최종적으로 세포핵 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 세포핵의 영역을 분류 및 인식하는 과정으로 세포의 외각의 방향성 정보, 핵의 크기, 그리고 면적 비율의 특징을 이용하여 퍼지 소속 함수를 설계한 후, 소속 함수의 소속도를 구하고 퍼지 추론 규칙을 적용하여 자궁 경부 세포진 영상에서 정상 세포핵 및 암종 세포핵을 인식한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.606-614
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• 2023

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for bleeding due to uterine body cancer. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, six patients with varying types of uterine body cancer who underwent TAE for bleeding control were investigated. Angiographic findings, cross-sectional images, TAE details, and clinical outcomes were studied. Technical and clinical success rates were calculated. Results The identified patients had endometrioid adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, and most were patients with advanced-stage cancer. In four patients, tumor bleeding presented as vaginal bleeding. Technical success was achieved in all seven TAE procedures in six patients. Two patients with recurrent masses who had undergone hysterectomy presented with hematochezia, and TAE was able to provide technical success in these patients as well. The clinical success rate was 50%, indicating bleeding control for > 1 week. Rebleeding was directly associated with death in one patient. On the following day, mild fever was observed in one patient. Conclusion TAE can be considered an effective and safe method of bleeding control for uterine body cancer, especially during critical periods throughout the disease course of patients with inoperable, advanced-stage cancer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1975

The following tumors occurring naturally in the dog were studied pathologically and discussed briefly. Tumors of the skin and subcutis: Fibroma, Lipoma, Epidermal cyst, Melanosarcoma, Sweat gland adenoma, Mastocytoma (2 cases), Mastosarcoma, and Sebaceous gland carcinoma. Tumors of the spleen and lymph node: Fibrosarcoma of the capsule of spleen, Leiomysarcoma of the spleen, and Lymphosarcoma of the lymph node (2 cases). Tumors of the lung: Bronchogenic carcinoma (3 cases), Adenocarcinoma type, Squamous carcinoma type, and Undifferentiated (round cell) carcinoma type respectively. Tumors of the alimentary tract and liver: Fibroma of the stomach, Hemangioma of the liver, Bile duct carcinoma, Liver cell carcinoma, and Myelogenous leukemia manifested in the liver. Tumor of the peritoneum: Fibrosarcoma. Tumors of the urogenital system: Fibroma of the uterus, Fibroma of the prepuce, Follicular cyst of the ovary, Transmissible venereal tumor of the vagina (6 cases), Carcinoma of the kidney, Adenoma of the prostate (2 cases), and Seminoma of the testis. Tumors of the mammary gland: Mixed tumor (2 cases), and Myoepithelioma. Tumor of the nervous system: Neurofibrosarcoma of the thigh.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2008

In this paper, we apply a set of algorithms to classily normal and cancer nucleus from uterine cervical pap-smear images. First, we use lightening compensation algorithm to restore color images that have defamation through the process of obtaining $1{\times}400$ microscope magnification. Then, we remove the background from images with the histogram distributions of RGB regions. We extract nucleus areas from candidates by applying histogram brightness, Kapur method, and our own 8-direction contour tracing algorithm. Various binarization, cumulative entropy, masking algorithms are used in that process. Then, we are able to recognize normal and cancer nucleus from those areas by using three morphological features - directional information, the size of nucleus, and area ratio - with fuzzy membership functions and deciding rules we devised. The experimental result shows our method has low false recognition rate.