• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 1988

Strongylocentrotus pulcherrimus is one of the very important fishery stock in this country since its high demand for raw gonad. Although the demand has been continuously increasing, the natural stock of this species seems to be decreasing. Since fresh macroalgae are not always available, the substitution of terrestrial vegetables for algae as a principal food was examined for the intensive indoor culture of the sea urchin. The results from the studies on selective and non-selective feeding habits and nutritional efficiencies using 13 food stuffs (6 macroalgae, 5 vegetables and 2 animal products) indicate that algae can be substituted with vegetables in sea urchin culture. Although the growth of body weight was the highest when sea urchins were fed Undaria Pinnatifida, the gonad index of the sea urchins fed on spinach, radish leaf and lettuce was higher than that of this brown alga. Considering the different food efficiencies of body and gonad growth, spinach and radish leaf will be adequate during gonad growth season, while lettuce and Chinese cabbage will be suitable for test growth season. In particular, radish leaf, which is usually not eaten by humans, could be highly beneficial and very economical in the sea urchin culture.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1068-1075
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• 1993

Catalase activities were assayed on the leaves and roots of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) as a function of age for 1 year after germination. The enzyme activities of root tissue demonstrated to be insignificant through all stages of development. On the other hand, the catalase activities of leaf peroxisomal fractions showed remarkable changes with peak value of 76 ${\mu}mol$/ml/min at germination stage within 2 weeks growth, 7.2 ${\mu}mol$/ml/min at adult stage around 4∼5 months growth and very small activities at aged period around 11∼12 months growth. It is suggested that there may be two factors concerning such catalase activities in relation with age, firstly the glyoxisomal reactions including glyoxylate cycle and $\beta$-oxidation at germination stage and secondly photosynthesis hereafter seemed to affect age dependent changes of catalase activity by producing coincident amount of $H_2O_2$. In addition, NADPH coenzyme was found to have ability to restore catalytic acitivity of inactivated catalase (compound II) at all stages of development except old age, indicating NADPH would play a role as catalase protector against deleterious substrate,$H_2O_2$.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2016

In this study, we explain the environmental variables that mainly influence the spatial and seasonal pattern of Galerucella nipponensis in 38 wetland and stream located at mid-low Nakdong River. G. nipponensis were found at total of 32 wetland, was strongly positively correlated with the biomass of Trapa japonica (t=2.173, $r^2=0.013$, p<0.05). In result of seasonal distribution during 3 years, the largest density of G. nipponensis adult were observed in summer (7~8 months), egg and larva was recorded in only early spring (4~5 months). Rainfall were negatively related with the seasonal distribution of G. nipponensis. They were more abundant in dry season (2015 year) than rainy seasons(2013~2014 year). Stable isotope analysis showed that the G. nipponensis consumed as food source no submerged leaf of T. japonica than other plant. However, utilization of T. japonica on Galerucella nipponensis were not influence to plant biomass and/or species composition in vegetated bed. Those considered as adaptive strategies for sustainable habitat maintenance that because T. japonica use as not only food source but also their lives for G. nipponensis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2019

In previous studies, we confirmed the effective antimicrobial activity of fermented Dendropanax morbifera leaf/branch extracts with Lactobacillus plantarum ilchiwhangchil 1785 and Lactobacillus plantarum ilchiwhangchil 2020. In this study, we investigated the hair growth effect of D. morbifera leaf/branch extracts fermented with L. plantarum ilchiwhangchil 1785 and L. plantarum ilchiwhangchil 2020 on human hair dermal papilla cells. The growth rate of human hair dermal papilla cells treated with fermented extracts in the range of 1 to $10{\mu}g/ml$ significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner, without increasing cell death. Double staining studies showed that the growth of cells treated with fermented D. morbifera leaf/branch extracts was more active than that of control cells. Moreover, the cells treated with the fermented D. morbifera leaf/branch extracts exhibited a 18.84% and 23.31% increase in cell mobility, respectively, as compared with that of the untreated cells. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the active agents responsible for hair growth. The results showed that the content of ${\beta}$-sitosterol, which is known to affect hair growth, increased about 10 times in the fermentation process of D. morbifera leaf/branch extracts. Taken together, the findings confirm that fermented Dendropanax morbifera leaf/branch extracts promote hair growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

In order to meet the stringent requirement of sludge disposal and to find ecological alternative, aerobic digestion coupled with alkaline pretreatment was studied. The treated sludge was tested for the potential of liquid fertilizer. In the aerobic digestion, it was obvious that the performance of digester B(fed with the sludge pretreated by NaOH) was better than that of digester A(fed with raw sludge) in terms of COD and SS removal. SS and VSS removal rates in digester B were 66% and 69%, respectively. At 5 days, TSS removal rate reached 47% in the digester B, which was 71% of final TSS removal rate. It revealed that the pretreatment process can shorten the retention time of aerobic digestion. 94.1% of TCOD in the raw sludge was reduced by alkaline pretreatment and aerobic digestion. Final SCOD was in the range of 220$\sim$230 mg/L implying the sludge was stabilized. Nitrification and pH drop were observed in the aerobic digestion. Final nitrate concentrations in digester A and B were 445.4 and 223.1 mg/L and final pH in digester B was 3.0. Biological assays reported that leaf size of cucumber seedling increased with nitrate concentration and sludge to soil ratio. The sludge treated by alkaline and aerobic digestion promoted the growth of seedling leaf and stem remarkably compared to raw sludge. In contrast, the aerobically digested sludge without pretreatment improved leaf growth and inhibited stem growth.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 1999

The plastochron index (PI) according to leaf development of Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior were estimated. The amount and composition of monoterpenes in the leaves of A. artemisiifolia var. elatior were determined, and the seasonal monoterpene variations in representative of plastochron index were investigated. The total amount of monoterpenes in A. artemisiifolia var. elatior was increased continuously from PI 2.0, the highest amount was in PI 11.89. The major monoterpenes in A. artemisiifolia var. elatior consisted of 29 compounds. The leaf monoterpene fraction of A. artemisiifolia var. elatior were dominated by No.2, octene, α-pinene, β-myrcene, 1,3,6-octatrine, endo-borneol and (-)-bornyl acetate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.233-236
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• 1999

생물학적 또는 비생물학적 이유에 의해 성장에 나쁜 영향을 받아 식물이 스트레스를 받게 되면 여러 가지 증상이 나타날 수 있다. 예를 들면, 수분 공급이 부족하거나 잎 표면의 수분 함량의 평형이 깨어지면 광합성과 증산이 줄거나, 기공이 닫혀 잎 표면의 온도가 증가한다. 또한 잎이나 식물 군락으로부터 방사되는 에너지의 양이나 질이 변할 수도 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.35-39
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sea salt on the growth and moisture content of sweet basil, soil moisture content, and salt stress. As a research method, sweet basil was treated with sea salt at 0, 5, 50, 100, and 200 mM concentration of sea salt was investigated to determine the growth and stress time of sweet basil. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the leaf width increased by 11% when treated with 5 mM, 49% when treated with 50 mM, and 44% when treated with 100 mM. Leaf length was confirmed to grow by 16% at 5 mM, 59% at 50 mM, and 82% at 100 mM treatment. As a future study, based on the effect of sea salt on the leaf and length growth of sweet basil by concentration, it was considered that more research is needed on the beneficial effects of sea salt on edible, medicinal, and aromatic plants. In addition, although salt has only been studied on stress in crops, we intend to contribute to providing basic data for research on ingredients more beneficial to the environment by finding various edible, medicinal, and aromatic plants using the sun-dried salt used in this study.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.213.1-213
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• 1998

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 1972

Light and electron microscopic studies were made to investigate the morphological changes in growing galls on the leaf of Lycium chinense MILL caused by Eriophyes kuko Kishda. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Light microscopy At the early stage of the invasion of E. kuko on the back side of the young leaf of L. chinense, the.epidermal cells become hypertrophic and develope a gall. As the gall grows, the cells of both palisade and spongy-layers become hypertrophic and these tissues are hard to be distinguished because of their irregular outgrowth. As the gall grows, the nuclei of the gall also become hypertrophic and larger than these of normal cells. 2. Electron microscopy Under electron microscopy the mitochondria, the golgi apparatus and the plastids of the advanced galls are degenerated and disintergrated and the cell walls become thicker than normal ones. The characteristic star bodies and the ring-form structures are found in the mature gall cells.