• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.339-350
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate distributional condition of rare plants and useful plant resources, and to verify distributional patterns of understory vegetation associated with the upper layer's vegetation structure. Total 59 families, 160 genera, 218 kinds of vascular plants were identified at the study site including 6 rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service (Lloydia triflora Bak., Trillium kamtschaticum Pall., Lilium distichum Nakai, Anemone koraiensis Nakai, Iris odaesanensis Y.N. Lee, Viola diamantica Nakai). Twenty three species of useful plant resources were also identified at the site; 8 of them showed clustered distributions and the others were prone to scatter. Actual vegetation of this study area consisted of one natural community dominated by Quercus mongolica Fisch. and three disturbed communities of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carriere, Abies holophylla Max. and/or a herbaceous vegetation resulting from forest removal and strong wind of mountain top. This classification was strongly supported by cluster analysis based on the surveyed plot data. Distributional patterns of understory vegetation within forest stand were somewhat related to overstory vegetation structure, but showed a different tendency according to site condition, species composition, and competitive pressure among understory vegetation. Therefore, in order to protect the important understory components as forest genetic resources, forest treatments such as density control of overstory should be implanted based on understanding of impact on understory's dynamics and growing condition.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2017

The Hwasan wetland vegetation is observed at mountain basin (644~780 m a.s.l.) where had become a potential land for indigenous people since prehistoric period. We phytosociologically investigated old-growth alder (Alnus japonica) forests using the $Z\ddot{u}rich$-Montpellier School's method and analyzed their spatial distribution pattern by actual vegetation map. Species performance was determined by using coverage and r-NCD. Viburnum opulus var. calvescens-Alnus japonica community syntaxonomically belonging to the Alnetea japonicae was first described and composed of three subunits: Salix koreensis subcommunity, typical subcommunity, and Pyrus ussuriensis subcommunity. Present plant community was compared with vicariant syntaxa such as Molinia japonica-Alnus japonica community, Rhamno nipponicae-Alnetum japonicae, and Aceri-Salicetum koreensis. Hwasan's alder forest, an alluvial terrace vegetation type on valley fan in the montane zone, is evaluated as vegetation class [I], which is a sort of benchmark plant community potentially on mountain wetlands in southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. Simultaneously we suggested an establishment of the national strategy for habitat conservation free from hydrologically radical transform due to military utilization.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.160-170
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• 2020

Railroads and roads are typical linear projects, and their networks are expanding nationwide. To minimize the impact of their development on the environment, ecological disconnection due to the parallel lines of railroads and roads is to be avoided as much as possible. In this study, to examine the environmental impact of railroad and road development, the characteristics of railroads and roads and the differences between them were examined through a comparative analysis of key evaluation items. Based on the result, the road development, unlike the railroad project, suggests items for establishing an efficient land use plan and soil protection as the key evaluation items. There are no specific evaluation items and criteria that can be used to examine the environmental impact of railroad lines located adjacent to roads. In this study, eight evaluation items were suggested by reviewing the relevant literature. In particular, in the strategic environmental impact assessment stage, which examines the adequacy and location feasibility of the plan, the minimum separation distance criteria were proposed to examine in advance the environmental impact of railroads located adjacent to the existing roads. The distances were examined for the previously operated routes, and a distance of less than 200 m was suggested to minimize the environmental impact. The results were compared with those in other studies and analyzed. The results of this study can be used as a basis for examining alternative routes that can minimize the environmental impact of adjacent railroads and roads.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2024

As the seriousness of habitat destruction caused by development projects emerges, the importance of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is increasing to preserve biodiversity. In previous studies, research is being conducted to quantitatively evaluate the biodiversity impact of development factors and surrounding environmental factors on the landscape scale, but research on the factors affecting the reduction of biodiversity based on development projects is insufficient. This study examined whether independent variables (size of development project, type of the development, DEM, ecosystem and nature map, distance from the green land, distance from the protected area), which have been proven to effect biodiversity through the previous researches, have a significant effect on the change of richness index (RI) through multi-class logistic regression analysis, T-test, and analysis of the development type. As a result, only the size of development project and the first richness index in EIA showed p-value less than 0.05. And it was confirmed that the reduction in biodiversity was significantly changed in the following construction types: installation of sports facilities, energy development, and development of industrial location and industrial complex. Since the results of this study confirmed that the impact of the variables may be inconsistent depending on the analysis scale, additional study of necessary indicators at the development project is needed to analyze biodiversity changes in EIA accurately.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia is distributed in very limited areas in South Korea and thus designated and protected as an endangered species. This study aimed to identify the diversity of vegetation in the Dangsa coast wetlands, the southern limit of G. maritima var. obtusifolia and to assess determinants of the vegetation and the importance of habitats. The phytosociological method of the $Z{\ddot{u}}rich-Montpellier$ School was used for vegetation classification and mathematical and statistical analyses were also conducted to analyze environmental factors and their relationship with the vegetation. The results of this study showed that there were 4 vegetation units in the Dangsa coast wetlands: Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia-Triglochin maritimum community (included three subcommunities), Puccinellia nipponica s.l. community, Beckmannia syzigachne-Isachne globosa community and Typha laxmannii-Phragmites communis community. It was also found that major determinants of the vegetation include moisture environment, soil depth, water level disturbance, vegetation height, community structure, etc. Glaux maritima was identified to grow most dominantly in the typicum subassociation of Glaux. maritima var. obtusifolia-Triglochin maritimum community, and the species compositions and dominant situations were observed to be similar to those in the southern limit in Japan, adjacent to South Korea. The assessment results indicated that the Dangsa coastal wetlands have a significant meaning from phytogeographical and syngeographical aspects, and contribute as a shelter for diverse species. It is required to establish conservation strategies to accurately determine the value of the wetlands of the Dangsa coast from various perspectives, and to protect and manage them.

• Plant Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.36-42
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• 2019

In recent, according to the tightening of environment regulation policy, the height of the site of the power plant is increased and the length of the cooling water pipe is increased. This has a serious impact on the stability of the plant. This study analyzes the transient phenomenon using LIQT 7.2, an unsteady state one-dimensional analysis software, to secure the stability of 1,000 MW high-capacity coal-fired power plant cooling water system with high head. To prevent water hammer, The effects on performance characteristics were predicted by individual and combination application. The surge pressure of the cooling water which occurs when the pump was stopped without installing the anti-surge devices was the largest at the pump outlet side. The most effective and simple way to reduce surge pressure in these cooling water systems is to combine a vacuum breaker with a hydraulic non-return valve, which is an essential device for pump protection.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.835-861
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• 2019

Ulsan was selected as an industrial and industrial city, a leading city of Korean economic development in the 1960s, and it was rapidly changed social environment with the influx of many labor population. This change has had a great impact on the traditional customs of the region, and the traditional intangible culture has disappeared or disappeared, which requires urgent protection of intangible cultures compared to other regions. This study suggests the current situation to restore the agricultural music made up of the three-time customs recorded in the 1930s in Ulsan Dali area. The research method is literature research and field research. First, the literature analyzes the farming music in connection with the farming work performed in the Ulsan Dali area in 1936, and secondly, The field survey was based on the current situation of restoring farm music at the Nam-gu Cultural Center in Ulsan. The results of the research were observed in the Ulsan area, which has disappeared rapidly. In addition, it revealed the status of being handed down from 'Kim Dal-oh', a traditional farmer who worked at Ulsan Cultural Center, to 'Kim Se-ju', who is trying to restore the farm music.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

The cactus habitat in Jeju Island has a phytogeographically specific distribution in the East Asian region, and forms a unique landscape as the only native cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) habitat in Korea. However, there has been no detailed investigation on the distribution of cacti in the habitat and no investigation on the diversity of the mixed composition of plants in the habitats and their correlation with the distribution of cactus populations. This study attempted to investigate the diversity of vascular plants in the Wollyeong-ri cactus habitat and record the actual distribution and trends of cactus distribution. In addition to the distribution characteristics of cacti, we also discuss the characteristics of species reflecting the characteristics of the habitat among the mixed population of plant species, as well as the biological and environmental factors that threaten the maintenance of cactus populations or require management for preservation of cacti. Considering the phenological character, we conducted the field surveys for flora identification six times between June 2015 and September 2017. The Engler classification system was used for the arrangement sequence and names of plants, and the Korean Plant Names Index was adopted for the Korean name of the species. The study results showed that the Wolryung-ri cactus habitat in Jeju Island has the characteristic physiognomy of an area dominated by cactus. For the vascular plants, a total of 125 taxa were identified, including 53 families, 104 genera, 109 species, 15 varieties and 1 forma. Endangered plants specified by the Ministry of Environment were not found. Two species, Cyrtomium falcatum and Asplenium incisum, were identified as the ferns, and no gymnosperms were found. In addition, 123 taxa of angiosperms, 91 taxa of dicotyledones and 32 taxa of monocotyledons were identified. The distributions of cacti were confirmed in 289 meshes corresponding to 59.3% of the total 487 meshes in the cactus protected area, which showed various coverage distributions ranging from 5% to 95%. Most of the meshes where no cacti were found are coastal areas with exposed basalt rocks where the soil depth has not developed or extremely restricted due to repeated waves, or areas where artificial facilities, grasslands, and observation paths have been constructed. On the other hand, there were 71 lattice points in 14.5% of the total area where the cactus showed 70% or higher dominance. Cacti are randomly distributed in these areas. They have adapted to the microhabitat environment and are found to be opportunistically distributed along the growable locations. Considering that the reproduction of cacti in the habitat is mostly dependent on parthenogenesis, the present distribution seems to reflect the potentially distributable regions of cacti in the habitat. Based on the results of field surveys, a management plan for conservation and protection of the protected areas has been proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.32-43
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• 2012

Hangzhou, in China, is a city that has a history as long as 2,300 years and is renowned due to its natural scenery of a beautiful lake surrounded by gentle green hills. This world wide famous scenery, known as West Lake(西湖), in 2011, was included in the World Heritage Landscape List. Though this place experienced enormous development and changes during thousands of years, historic sceneries did not disappear with the passage of time. In contrary, they are refined and increased attributing to protection efforts from past dynasties. Therefore, research in landscape transition is significant for building livable environment and preserving historical landscape. This paper mainly focuses on history transition of city Hangzhou. First of all, its urban construction and guiding ideology is analyzed. Then, deep meticulous research is carried out on development and preservation achievements for dynasty Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing. In the end, from a historical point of view, this paper will provide a new perspective which would contribute to sustainable preservation of historical landscape. From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the West Lake through several times of the rectification and construction, the present landscape was completed during thousand years several times through the construction.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.171-188
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• 2005

Da-san Jeong Yak-yong(정약용) was one of the notable realist in the late 18th century, the second half of Chosun Dynasty. He accentuate the need of national riches and stabilization of the public welfare through his reformat proposal on actual condition. He regarded geography as the necessary knowledge to achieve the national riches and stabilization of the people's livelihood. We can read the contents on agricultural policy and encouragement of farming in Mokminsimseo(목민심서). In Mokminsimseo(목민심서), as coverage on economic geography, he present various policy of encouragement of agriculture as device of agricultural promotion and urges governors initiative on this. On policy of encouragement of agriculture, he insisted that the farmers have side job like horticulture, sericulture and live-stock farming far their rural economy. In sum, Da-san Jeong Yak-yong regarded economic geography as a important subject under realism which aims at improving and reforming contemporary world against 주자학 oriented Confucian classics.