• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.379-395
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of travel patterns and travel behaviors of transit users in the Metropolitan Seoul area. We apply the data mining techniques to explore the travel patterns of transit users from the T-money card database which has been produced over 10,000,000 transaction records per day. The database contains the information of locations and times of origin, transfer, and destination points for each transaction as well as the informations of transit modes taken via the transaction. We develop an data mining algorithm to explore traversal patterns from the enormous information. The algorithm determines the travel sequences of each passenger, and produce the volumes of support on each points (stops) of transportation networks in the Metropolitan Seoul area. In order to visualize the spatial patterns of travel demands for transit systems we apply GIS techniques, and attempt to investigate the spatial characteristics of travel patterns and travel demand. Subway stops located in the Gangnam area appear the highest peak for the travel origin and destination, while the CBD in the Gangbuk stands at the second position. Two or three sub-peaks appear at the densely populated residential areas developed as the high-rise apartment complex. Subway stations located along the Subway Line 2, especially from Guro to Samsung receive heavy travel demand (total support), while bus stops located at the CBD in the Gangbuk stands the highest travel demand by bus.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.26-47
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• 2009

This study examined dwelling site from among the sites of the Neolithic age found in the Asan Bay(牙山灣) area, and the temporal-spatial location and meaning of the dwelling site (settlement). The majority of the settlements in the area are of a square style but some coexist with rectangular-style settlements, which is noteworthy. The dwelling sites of the Neolithic age found in Asan Bay area are mostly located in a ridge of hilly areas, divided into gentle, low areas (20~50 meters above sea level) and relatively high areas (50~80 meters above the sea level). Although location strongly corresponded to the residents' subsistence and the technical levels within the culture, it likely was greatly affected by natural environment where they lived, as well. In examining radiocarbon dating results and the excavated artifacts, the settlements found in Asan Bay were determined to belong to the period II(3,500~3,000 B.C.) stated in the Relative Chronological table of Dwelling sites in the Neolithic age, written by the author. Said Dwelling sites are proven to have a close relationship with those found on the coast of Gyeonggi Province(京畿道) and in the Geum River(錦江) valley. This is deemed to be the result of expansion and interchange between Gyeonggi Province(京畿道) group and Geum River(錦江) valley group, who constituted the large settlements. Additionally, the Daecheon-ri type dwelling sites in the Geum River valley were verified to be the result of exchange, and spread to the Asan Bay area in the same era. Two forms of Dwelling sites coexisted dynamically in the Asan Bay area around 3,500 B.C. Such a phenomenon resulted primarily from the expansion of the dwelling site due to the introduction of primitive agriculture, as well as environmental (temperature), biological and social changes at those times.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to investigate office location dynamic in Seoul and to analyze comparatively the office activities of emerging office centers. Since mid 1980s, the expansion of office employment and spatial differentiation of the office-type jobs have changed the employment and spatial structure of Seoul. The major employment centers are CBD, Kangnam district and Youido. Among these, CBD and Kangnam have developed as the two leading centers of Seoul. Youido, the typical office-oriented center, shares CBD functions especially specializing security business. Selective decentralization of offices made qualitative differences among the centers. In spite of vigorous office decentralization, CBD has kept the principal offices of finance and insurance, travel agencies, advertising agencies, management consulting firms, major public institutions and headquarters of upper 100 companies in Korea. But the offices of producer services such as law, architects, engineering and computer consulting and real estates and headquarters of upper 5000 companies in Korea have been decentralized dominantly to Kangnam.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.291-311
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• 2005

The great estate system of the Old World crossed the Atlantic Ocean in the 1500s along with the Spanish Royal Army, mission, merchants, crops and domestic arrivals, landing at the end of the journey in the Middle and South Americas. The latifundio of Spain's Middle Age combined with the environment of the New World to be regenerated in the name of hacienda which bad became tightly roared in the countryside landscape of New Spain by fin-de-colonial period of 1820s. The haciendas were distributed mainly over the central part of the present-dey Mexico, and the presence of water and towns determined the specific location of the large landed estates. Depending on the activities performed, the hacienda can be divided into several types such as grain hacienda, livestock hacienda, mining hacienda, henequen hacienda, and so forth. Consisting of landlords, estate managers and waged labor called peons, the hacienda as a semi-autarkic settlement played various roles as the home of church, the agrarian center and the hearth of cultural diffusion, as well as dwelling. Toward the end of the colonial period the hacienda experienced internal transformations driven by capitalism.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the garden architectural characteristics of Villa d'Este, which occupies a major role in the exploration of the contrasting background, location, and spatial composition characteristics of Italian Renaissance gardens. The survey for the study was divided into a literature survey and a field survey, and the details are as follows. First, in the mid-to-late 16th century, the villa was built under the direction of Cardinal Ippolito d'Este, and afterwards, the ownership of the villa was restored to the Italian government in 1850 due to financial difficulties. The Villa d'Este, which suffered another damage, is now operated with many visitors after going through the restoration process. Second, in the case of location, it has the characteristics of Urbana located in the city center and has valley-type topographical conditions located at the foot of the mountain.Third, in the case of spatial composition, it is orthogonal to the axis, and each part of the garden is developed, influenced by the contrast principles such as the installation of the Cortile del Belvedere and Villa Madama in the early 16th century. The main building is located in the hills so that you can see the garden and the surrounding scenery at a glance. Fourth, among the components, there were stairs, logia, courtyard, and grotto, fountains, cascades, ponds, and vegetation such as laurels, thorn trees.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.14-22
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• 2012

The position, size and landscape of the former Donam SeoWon as well as the physical organization of the old site, are studied to extract data for the enhancement of the authenticity of Donam SeoWon since its registration as a world heritage site. The results are as follows. The 'Donam(豚巖)' encaved rock, the tombstone of teacher Sagye(沙溪), Kimjipsadang(金集祠堂), the head of the Gwangsan Kim family, the Sagye stream in front of them, and the Gyeryong and Daedun mountains in the distance are united in the former Donam SeoWon as landscape elements that clearly show the characteristics of the former site, which was called 'Donam-Wollim(豚巖園林).' Moreover Yangseongdangsipyoung(養性堂十詠), adds the garden elements of a medical herb field, twins pond, a bamboo forest, a school, and a peach field. On this site, one can also engage in activities that are related to the land and are closely related to Neo-Confucianism such as fish watching, conferencing, visit in seclusion(訪隱), looking for monks, and overseeing farming. The former site facing east is assumed to have Sau(祠宇) - Eungdodang(凝道堂) - Ipdeokmum(入德門) - Sanangru(山仰樓: estimated). Jeonsacheong seems to have been located to the left of the Sau area, Yangseongdang, which contained upper and lower twin lotus ponds, on the right and was surrounded by various plants. As it has been used as a lecture hall for the past 250 years, the former Donam SeoWon, located 1.8km away from the current area, must be preserved, and the landscape should be formed to establish the authenticity of Donam SeoWon.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.36
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• pp.35-78
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• 2020

This study aims to reveal the overall Fengshui figuration and geomantic features of Daesoon Jinrihoe's Geumgangsan (Mt. Geumgang) Toseong Training Temple Complex from the Hyeonggi (Energy of Form) Theory in Fengshui. This study first looked at the mountain landscape viewable from the surface, examined the influence of Qi (Energy) flowing inside it, comprehended the flow of its vitality in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, and gauged the depth of the energy produced from mountain streams to determine fortune and misfortune. There is a special significance to this site due to Sangje's teaching that "⋯ it will be prosperous with 12,000 Dotonggunja (Dao-empowered Sages)," and it is also known as a efficacious grounds for cultivation among ascetics due to it housing the royal mausoleum of Dojeon (interpreted by some as Maitreya). Concerning this, this study explores the geomantic symbolism and growth-supporting land of Geumgangsan Toseong Training Temple Complex as it corresponds to Fengshui theory, and in keeping with this, the topography and conditions are likewise examined. The mountain range and its energy pathways (veins) harmonize with the pure water energy coming from the East Sea. The mountain terrain of Mount Geumgang, and the geomantic location, topography, and energy pathways that influence Daesoon Jinrihoe Geumgangsan Toseong Training Temple Complex are all explored. The Baekdudaegan Mountain Range extends through Mount Geumgang to Sinseonbong Peak, and one range extends to Geumgangsan Toseong Training Temple Complex whereas the other range extends through Sangbong Peak down to Misiryeong Valley and Mount Seorak. Thus, this study demonstrates that Daesoon Jinrihoe has always strongly considered the relationship between its temple complexes and their surrounding environment. The order has always selected locations that exhibit optimal conditions which suit the construction of sacred spaces. The determinations in this paper were made through an academic approach that drew upon various theories of Fengshui while examining Daesoon Jinrihoe's Geumgangsan Toseong Training Temple Complex. The in-depth analysis was specifically based on Hyeonggi Fengshui. At the same time, this study also looked into the surroundings of Geumgangsan Toseong Training Temple Complex. In particular, the mountains and flow of nearby bodies of water were comprehensively examined to show how the surrounding topography corresponds to the principles of Fengshui. An integral approach combining all major theories of Fengshui revealed that Geumgangsan Toseong Training Temple Complex starts from Sinseonbong Peak, and its energy flows through the main mountain range, going through numerous geographical changes of yin and yang. When the range flows down, the water flows accordingly, and where the water whirls, the mountains are shaped accordingly. Eventually, this energy reaches Geumgangsan Toseong Training Temple Complex. From the organic relationship between mountains and bodies of water, which can be said to be the essence of the order of nature, it can be judged that the most prominent geomantic feature of Geumgangsan Toseong Training Temple Complex corresponds to traditional theories of Fengshui in that it forms a configuration wherein optimal water energy supports the Virtuous Concordance of Yin Yang and harmonizes the Blue Dragon with the White Tiger.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.523-523
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• 2023

하천의 특성에 따라 활착하는 식생 및 형태는 다르며, 이러한 식생분포 특성은 다시 하천 수위와 유속 등에 영향을 미친다. 이처럼 식생과 하천의 상호작용을 이해하고, 이를 하천환경을 개선하는 하천관리를 위한 정보로 도출하기 위해서는 하천에 서식하는 식생에 대한 기초 정보를 수집하고 종합할 필요가 있다. 최근 기후변화와 강수 특성의 변화로 인해 국내 하천에서는 하천 규모와 위치에 관계없이 하도내 식생이 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 하천 내 식생의 활착은 흐름저항에 영향을 줄 수 있고 이는 홍수 발생시 통수능의 감소로 인해 결과적으로 홍수 피해를 유발할 수 있다. 특히 수목 식생이 패치나 군락의 형태로 하천에 존재할 경우 적은 양으로도 흐름저항을 증가시켜 홍수피해 규모가 커질 수 있다. 따라서 식생이 흐름저항에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 국내 하천에 서식하는 수변식생의 종별 특성과 패치와 군락 형태의 물리적 특성 등을 이해할 필요가 있다. 국내 하천에서는 패치나 군락 형태로 서식하는 수목 식생 중 버드나무가 우점하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국 하천에 분포하는 버드나무속 식생을 중심으로 입지 환경 및 군집 분포에 대해 조사하고 하천과 식생의 관계를 분석한 문헌들을 중심으로 그 결과들을 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 하천 수변에 서식하는 버드나무 5종(왕버들, 선버들, 갯버들, 키버들, 버드나무)의 수목별 특성과 버드나무속의 특징, 연도별 하천별 버드나무 데이터를 제시하였다. 버드나무속은 종에 따라 개화기, 결실기, 수고 등에서 차이를 보였으나 대체로 저수로 호안과 범람원에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 물환경정보시스템의 수변식생 자료(2014년부터 2021년, 2015년 제외)에 따르면 환삼덩굴, 쑥, 달뿌리풀이 매년 80% 이상의 출현률을 보이며 가장 상위에 존재하였으며, 버드나무속 식생 중에서는 버드나무(Salix koreensis)가 매년 60% 이상의 출현률로 가장 드넓게 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.547-567
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• 2022

In this study, I focus on makerspaces, which have rapidly spread since the late 2000s in the world's major cities. Makerspaces, born amid great social change, reflect the core characteristics of industrial space. I analyze the makerspace based on the theoretical perspectives of urbanism in the macroscopic aspect and placeness in the microscopic aspect. The urbanism of makerspaces is manifested through entry into the inner cities and their connections with urban capabilities. This means that convergence with innovation factors is becoming more important than optimization of factor costs and agglomeration economies in the locational determinants of industrial space. The placeness of makerspaces is being re-formed through an emphasis on taste, the expansion of autonomy, and the strengthening of connections. This reveals how the value creation process within the industrial space is changing, from forming-placelessness through standardization, uniformity, and compartmentalization to forming-placeness through restoration of individual humanity and interaction. The results of the urbanism and placenesss analysis carry implications for the present moment, when it is necessary to diversify the spatial planning of industrial spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2008

Because local cities are different from large cities, they need to reflect their own characteristics of housing market. Thus in order to obtain useful implications for the establishing sound housing market in Jinju City, this paper investigated the characteristics of spatial distribution and determinant factors that affect apartment price in Jinju City. GIS representation of the apartments showed that most of old and small apartments were built in 'land readjustment project' areas executed in 1970s. On the contrary, new and large scale apartment complexes were built quite recently and distributed in the western and southern parts of the city. Next, in order to examine the factors which affect apartment price, this paper subtracted firstly several variables from the related studies. However in order to avoid multi-colinearity, variables were summarized by means of factor analysis. Then, setting apartment price as a dependant variable, 12 hedonic price models were established with 33 independent variables. As results, building age, floor area, accessibility to university and hospital, accessibility to arterial road, and stair-type building were turned out to be significant. These results will be used in making the supply and allocation plan of urban facilities and housing. Finally as conclusions this paper emphasized the need of periodic analysis of local housing market and establishing detailed housing information systems.