• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.3C
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2008

This paper demonstrates settling and further consolidation behaviour of dredged clayey soils during landfilling. The effects of initial moisture content, electrolyte type and concentration on settling and consolidation behaviour were examined and evaluated by laboratory column tests. Electrokinetic tests were carried out with modified settling column to compare the soil behaviour under the gravity. From the testing results, the settling velocity increased due to the effects of cations in the electrolyte solution, and electrically induced settlements were found to be greater than those under the gravity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.26 no.7
• /
• pp.858-863
• /
• 2020

We experimented with the particle-settling velocity and CHCl3 absorption efficiency of seven activated-carbon and analyzed seven heavy metal contents by elution for application to the field treatment of sunken HNS on the marine seabed. The mean particle-settling velocity was in the range 0.5-8 cm/s, except when the 8-20 mesh was used. The larger the HNS particle, the faster the particle-settling velocity was, and the CHCl3 absorption efficiency increased considerably owing to the larger surface area. In addition, the elution test results showed that the total Zn and As contents in >100-meshed activated carbon was higher than the contents criteria for the standard for water-treatment agents, and Cr, Zn, and As were released at higher concentrations than those released by other activated-carbon groups. Taken together, the CHCl3 absorption efficiency, settling velocity, and elution test results suggested that the 20-60, 20-40, and 2mm&down mesh activated-carbon adsorbents could be applied to the field treatment of HNSs and that the minimum required amount for field treatment were 0.82, 0.90, and 1.28 ton/㎘, respectively, as calculated based on the HNS-adsorption-capacity priority.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.457-463
• /
• 1994

A new method that considers the pellet sedimentation characteristics for fungal cell concentration measurement was developed using optical density. Appropriate mixing of the pellet suspension almost homogeneously was tried to prevent the sedimentation of the pellet by a small magnetic bar in cuvette, giving a stable optical density. The linear relationship between optical density and the dry cell weight was obtained. However, different curved lines were observed according to the pellet size. Optical density couldn't be detectable in the size range of $355{\mu}m$above. It was concluded from the result that the use of optical density for measuring cell concentration in fungal broth became possible by considering the characteristics.

• Water for future
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 1994

Cohesie sediment movement in estuarine systems is strongly affected by the phenomena of aggregation and flocculation. Aggregation is the process where primary particles are clustered together in tightly-packed formations; flocculation is the process where aggregates and single particles are bonded together to form large particle groups of very low specific density. The size, shape and strength of the flocculants control the rate of deposition and the processes of pollutant exchange between suspended sediments and ambient water. In estuarine waters, suspended sediments above the lutocline form the mobile suspension zone while below the lutocline they form the stationary suspension zone. Suspended particles in the mobile zone are generally in a dispersed state and the controlling forces are the Brownian motion and the turbulent flow fluctuations. In the stationary suspension zone, the driving force is the gravity. This paper discusses the settling and particle flocculation characteristics under quiescient flow conditions. Particles are entering the study domain randomly. Particles in the mobile suspension zone are simulated by using the Smoluchowski's model. Flocs created in the mobil suspension zone are moving into the stationary suspension zone where viscosity and drag effects are important. Utilizing the concepts of the maximum Feret's diameter and the Minkowski's sausage logic, the fractal dimension of the flocs within the stationary suspension is estimated and then compared with results obtained by other studies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.29 no.5C
• /
• pp.217-228
• /
• 2009

In case of application of electrophoresis method for leakage restoration of waste impoundment, main points of consideration were to evaluate the mobility of clay particles by electrophoretic force and capacity of leakage repair in leachate electrolyte system contained with various chemical species. However, the flocculation phenomena of clay particles induced by electrochemical interaction between various chemical species and clay particles would cause the big problems in electrophoresis method. Therefore, a series of laboratory tests such as one-dimensional electrophoresis and gravitational experiments were carried out in order to identify the specific chemical species affected flocculation of clay particles and the range of chemical concentration in leachate. In addition, the characteristics of clay particle behavior with chemical species and concentration range in leachate were analized using the concept of the settling velocity, zeta potential, and electrophoretic velocity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.1393-1397
• /
• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 대청호와 하류 하천을 연계하여 연속적으로 부유물질의 이송, 확산, 침강과정을 해석 할 수 있는 통합 탁수 모델을 구축하는데 있다. 저수지와 하천을 연속적으로 모의하기 위해서 횡방향 평균 2차원 수리 수질 모델인 CE-QUAL-W2 (W2)를 사용하였다. 그러나 W2모델은 탁도를 모의 할 수 있는 알고리즘이 없기 때문에 모델 경계지점에서의 탁도-부유사(SS) 농도 상관관계를 조사하여 연속 측정된 탁도를 SS로 변환하였고, SS를 입자크기에 따라 3개의 그룹으로 나누어 각각의 침강속도가 다르게 모의하였다. 모의된 SS는 다시 저수지내 관측지점의 탁도-SS 상관관계를 이용해 탁도로 변환하여 실측값과 비교하였고, 하류 하천에서 취수하는 부여 취수장의 탁도-SS 상관관계를 이용하여 취수 원수의 탁도와 모의값을 비교하였다. 하천의 탁도는 실측값이 없는 관계로 모의된 SS를 그대로 하천의 SS 실측값과 비교하였다. 연구결과 통합모델은 저수지내에서 탁도의 수심별 농도를 잘 예측하였고 입자 크기별 침강속도를 고려한 결과 기존의 단일 SS 침강속도 모델에 비해 탁도 예측 성능이 향상되었다. 모델은 강우시 하천에서 급증하는 SS의 농도 변화를 잘 예측하였고, 금강 하류에 위치한 부여 취수장의 일별 취수 원수의 탁도 시계열 변화와도 비교적 잘 일치하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2006

Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was prepared in a cylindrical reactor by the nozzle spouting method. The reactor was filled with $CO_2$ and $Ca(OH)_2$ suspensions were circulated through a nozzle to prepare PCC. This method has several advantages such as provision of large contact area between suspension and $CO_2$ and production of large number of nuclei in short time. By changing suspension concentrations, suspension temperature, flow rates of $CO_2$ and nozzle sizes, PCC from homogeneously dispersed $0.1{\mu}m$ to heterogeneous $0.3{\mu}m$ can be obtained. According to XRD analyses, most PCC formed was calcite with small amount of aragonite depending on the reaction conditions. Usually, the reaction proceeded at high pH and electric conductivities initially. Then, pH and electric conductivities decreased rapidly to the saturation condition. Results indicated that the specific conditions (temperature: $25^{\circ}C$, suspension concentration: 0.5 wt%, $CO_2$ flow rate: 1 L/min, nozzle size: 0.4 mm) were required to prepare uniform particle size (particle diameter: $0.1{\mu}m$) of PCC.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2002

Numerical experiments are conducted using a three-dimensional baroclinic equation model and a Lagrangian method for clarifying the effect of th settling velocity on the suspended solids diffusion caused by the dredging and the reclamination works. Diffusion characteristics of the neutral particles and the weighting particles is experimented by the Lagrangian particles trajectory model, The results show that the diffusion characteristics of the suspended solids is effected by the settling velocity classified by the particles size in the density layered semi-closed bay. To estimate exactly the diffusion characteristics of the suspended solids and the contaminant with weight the three-dimensional baroclinic equation model and the three-dimensional Lagrangian particles trajectory model considering the settling velocity of the particle in the density layered semi-closed bay must be used.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2018.05a
• /
• pp.285-285
• /
• 2018

하천에서 부유사의 형태로 이송되는 점착성 유사는 입자 표면의 전자기적 점착력의 영향과 하천의 흐름 및 난류에 의하여 지속적인 응집과 파괴의 과정인 응집현상을 겪는다. 이러한 응집현상을 통해 플럭을 형성한 점착성 유사의 크기 및 밀도는 끊임없이 변화하며 침강속도 역시 변화한다. 점착성 유사의 이동을 예측하기 위해서는 유사의 부유에 직접적으로 관계하는 침강속도를 이해하는 것이 중요하며 많은 연구에서 점착성 유사의 농도와 침강속도의 관계를 그래프로 보여주고 있다. 일반적으로 그래프에서 침강속도는 처음에 농도가 증가할수록 증가하는 비례 관계를 보여주다가 농도가 어느 정도를 넘어 더 증가하게 되면 감소하여 반비례하는 모양을 그리고 있다. 또한 연구들은 농도와 침강속도 두 관계가 분명한 멱함수법칙(Power Law)을 가진다고 언급하고 있다. 그러나 이전의 연구에서는 그래프가 보여주는 두 관계의 분석이나 메커니즘에 대해 중점을 두고 논의된 바가 없다. 본 연구는 점착성 유사의 응집현상과 이동을 모의하는 1차원 연직 수치모형으로 수치 실험을 실시하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 농도와 침강속도가 갖는 관계를 면밀히 분석한다. 플럭의 크기 및 농도는 유사의 부유를 결정하는 침강속도와 매우 밀접한 관련이 있는 특징이며 특히 플럭의 크기는 침강속도를 결정한다. 즉 플럭의 크기와 농도가 갖는 관계가 침강속도와 농도가 갖는 관계에 크게 관여할 것으로 예측된다. 앞서 언급한 연구들의 그래프에서 비례 관계를 갖는 구간은 일반적으로 수면과 가까우며 농도와 크기가 비례하는 경향을 보이며 반비례하는 구간은 농도가 크고 난류가 강한 하상부근으로 두 관계가 반비례하는 경향이 밝혀진 연구가 있다. 점착성 유사의 농도 및 플럭의 크기가 이러한 경향을 띠는 것은 하상부근에서는 난류 전단과 그에 따른 플럭의 파괴와 응집의 결과로 나타나는 응집현상과 관련이 있으며 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 점착성 유사의 침강속도와 농도가 가지는 관계를 분석한다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.44-52
• /
• 2007

Contaminated sediments more than 30 million/$m^3$ is generated from dredging work for harbours and coastal maintenance in Korea. Approximately 300 million/$m^3$ of sediments is dredged to deepen harbours and shipping lanes in US and of which $3{\sim}12million/m^3$ is highly contaminated. Although much is known about technologies for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, much less is known about the treatment of contaminated sediment. In general, negatively charged fine particles will migrate towards positively charged system of electrodes under the influence of electrophoresis. However, the electrically induced migration of colloidal particles contaminated with heavy metals may be hindered by the positively charged heavy metal contaminants adsorbed onto the soil surfaces depending on the contamination level. This paper demonstrates settling behaviour of clayey soil by comparison with electrophoretic particle movement under the effects of heavy metal contamination, applied electric field strength, and its polarity changed by the electrode configuration.