• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2006

Purpose: Recently, interest in peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) has increased, although clinical studies of the effect of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ expression on gastric cancer have not been reported yet. In this study, we investigated the role of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ expression in gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-eight (128) samples of both gastric cancer and normal tissues were obtained from 128 patients who had undergone at a curative gastrectomy at Seoul Medical Center from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2005. $PPAR-{\gamma}$ expression was determined by using immunohistochemical staining, and the results were analyzed. The statistical analysis was based on clinicopathological findings and the differences in survival rates. Results: The mean age of the patients was 6n, and the male : female ratio was 1.9 : 1. $PPAR-{\gamma}$ expression was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in normal tissue (81.3% vs. 57.0%, p<0.001). There was insignificant difference between well and moderately differentiated types and poorly differentiated types in terms of the expression of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ (87.0% vs. 74.6%, P=0.074). In the univariate analysis the survival rate was significantly increased when $PPAR-{\gamma}$ was expressed in normal tissue (P=0.003). In the multivariate analysis, only the UICC TNM staging had significance related to the survival rate. Conclusion: The rate of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ expression was higher in cancer tissue than it was in normal tissue from gastric cancer patients. In the univariate analysis, $PPAR-{\gamma}$ expression in normal tissue had significance with respect to survival, but the multivariate analysis showed no such significance. Thus, we should further evaluate more cases to determine whether or not such a significance exists.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2002

Background: Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that presents as coughing, copious sputum, exertional dyspnea, which progresses to bronchiectasis. The pathogenesis of bronchiectasis is controlled by inflammatory mediators, which are closely related to mucus hypersecretion, goblet cell dysplasia. In recent studies, the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) system was reported to be associated with this process. It was hypothesized that a relationship exists between goblet cell dysplasia, EGFR expression, and inflammatory mediators produced by neutrophil. Method: Alcian blue/periodic acid -Schiff(AB/PAS) stain, MUC5AC, EGFR, CD16 immunohistochemical stain were examined to investigate a role for the EGFR system in a mucus hypersecretion in DPB using the lung biopsy specimens from 13 DPB patients and 6 controls. Results : In the DPB group, the AB/PAS and MUC5AC -stained areas were $8.31{\pm}3.36%$, $11.46{\pm}4.68%$, respectively. In the control group, the AB/PAS- and MUC5AC-stained areas were $50.5{\pm}5.77%$, $53.3%{\pm}6.67%$, which was significantly larger than in the DPB group (each comparison, p<0.05). The percentage of EGFR expression was $9.54{\pm}4.95%$ in the DPB group, but zero in of the control group. The extent of neutrophilic infiltration was $71.92{\pm}3.71$/5HPF in the DPB group and $45.0{\pm}5.73$/5HPF in the control group, which was statistically significant(p=0.002). Conclusion: The EGFR system is highly related to goblet cell dysplasia, mucus hypersecretion and neutrophilic inflammation in DPB.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.2 s.67
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• pp.285-295
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• 1998

In clinical orthodontics, it is significant to understand the stage of growth in a growing patient. In order to assess the skeletal maturity of the patients, the hand-wrist radiograph and the cervical vertebrae (Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Indicators : CVMI) was evaluated from the lateral cephalograph and the skeletal maturity determined from the hand-wrist X-ray (Skeletal Maurity Indicators : SMI) taken on the same day in the same patients, and its interrelationship examined to come up with the following results: 1. The skeletal maturity evaluated from the hand-wrist radiograph and the maturation of the cervical vertebrae from the lateral cephalograph showed a significant interrelationship with each other. 2. In the evaluation of the skeletal maturity using the SMI and CVMI, the CVMI 1 showed a siginificant correlation with SMI 1, 2, the CVMI 2 with SMI 3, 4, CVMI 3 with SMI 6, 7, CVMI 4 with SMI 7, 8, CVMI 5 with 9, 10 and CVMI 6 with SMI 11. 3. When the morphological changes in the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae were separately observed, it was seldom that the concavity appeared in the lower border of the 2nd cervical vertebra and at the same time not appear in the 3rd cervical vertebra (CVMI 2 : 10.38%, CVMI 3 : 6.56%) 4. In each of the skeletal maturation stage evaluated from the hand-wrist and the cervical vertebra, the average age and its standard deviation in male and female patients appeared to have large differences among individuals. Skeletal maturation seemed to appear earlier for the girls than for the boys, and its termination 24 months faster for girls.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2018

Glycans are attached to proteins as in glycoproteins and proteoglycans. They are found on the exterior surface of cells. O- and N-linked glycans are very common in eukaryotic cells but may also be found in prokaryotes. The interaction of cell surface glycans with complementary glycan binding proteins located on neighboring cells, other cell types, pathogens like virus, or bacteria is crucial in biologically and biomedically important processes like pathogen recognition, cell migration, cell-cell adhesion, development, and infection. Their implication in pathological condition, suggests an important role for glycans as disease markers. In addition, a great amount of research has been shown that appropriate glycosylation of a recombinant therapeutic protein is critical for product solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, bioactivity, and safety. Besides, cancer-associated glycosylation changes often involve sialic acid in glycan branch which play important roles in cell-cell interaction, recognition and immunological response. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the glycan's biological function and describing the relevance among the glycosylation, disease diagnosis and treatment methods. Furthermore, the high-throughput analytic methods available to measure the profile changing patterns of glycan in the blood serum as well as possible underlying biochemical mechanisms.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2008

Background: Fascin is an actin-bundling protein that induces membrane protrusions and it increases cell motility in various transformed cells. Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, and it exhibits extensive local invasion or frequent regional lymph node metastasis even after curative surgery. We investigate the expression of fascin by performing immunohistochemistry to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of its expression in esophageal cancer patients. Material and Method: Immunochemistry for fascin was performed on 76 tumor samples from 76 patients who underwent esophageal cancer operations. The expression levels of fascin in the 76 esophageal cancer tissues were compared with those in the corresponding normal esophageal epithelium. The fascin-positive samples were defined as those showing more than 75% of fascin-positive cells. Result: Overall, a fascin positive expression was detected in 39 (51.3%) out of the total 76 cases. The tumors with positive fascin expression tended to more frequently show a higher stage (p=0.030), and a higher T-factor (p=0.031). The prognosis of the fascin negative group was significantly better than that of the fascin positive group (p=0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymphovascular invasion and the fascin expression were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Fascin was expressed in 513% of the esophageal cancer tissues and a positive expression of fascin was associated with more advanced tumor progression and recurrence. Our study suggests that the fascin expression may be an independent prognostic factor for an unfavorable clinical course few those patients suffering with esophageal cancer.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.495-501
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• 2003

Impaction is defined as the cessation of the eruption of the tooth caused by a clinically or radiographically detectable physical barrier in the eruption path or by the ectopic position of tooth germ. Besides the third molars and the maxillary canines, the most common impacted tooth is the second premolar. The overall frequency of premolar impaction has been reported to be 0.5%. In some cases, orthodontic traction and surgical repositioning may be indicated. When impacted second premolar is involved with prolonged retained second primary molar, extraction of primary molar and space maintenance lead to eruption of second premolar. In these cases, all patients visited to department of pediatric dentistry of Kyungpook National University Hospital for the chief complaint of unerupted second premolar. Extraction of prolonged retained second primary molar and space management are tried for spontaneous eruption of impacted second premolar tooth. The results were as follows: 1. When impacted second premolar is involved with prolonged retained second primary molar, minimal treatment via elimination of primary molar leads to successful results. 2. Proper space management and periodic radiographic examination are required before eruption of second premolar. 3. Sufficient time must be allowed for confirm of tooth movement before orthodontic traction or surgical repositioning. 4. The result is more successful in incomplete root development.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2020

Purpose: To determine if sparing the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments during posterior decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis is significant in preventing postoperative spinal instability. Materials and Methods: A total of 83 patients who underwent posterior decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis between March 2014 and March 2017 with a minimum one-year follow-up period, were studied retrospectively. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the type of surgery. Fifty-six patients who underwent posterior decompression by the port-hole technique were grouped as A, while 27 patients who underwent posterior decompression by a subtotal laminectomy grouped as B. To evaluate the clinical results, the Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS) for both back pain (VAS-B) and radiating pain (VAS-R), and the walking distance of neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) were checked pre- and postoperatively, while simple radiographs of the lateral and flexion-extension view in the standing position were taken preoperatively and then every six months after to measure anteroposterior slippage (slip percentage), the difference in anteroposterior slippage between flexion and extension (dynamic slip percentage), angular displacement, and the difference in angular displacement between flexion and extension (dynamic angular displacement) to evaluate the radiological results. Results: The ODI (from 28.1 to 12.8 in group A, from 27.3 to 12.3 in group B), VAS-B (from 7.0 to 2.6 in group A, from 7.7 to 3.2 in group B), VAS-R (from 8.5 to 2.8 in group A, from 8.7 to 2.9 in group B), and walking distance of NIC (from 118.4 m to 1,496.2 m in group A, from 127.6 m to 1,481.6 m in group B) were improved in both groups. On the other hand, while the other radiologic results showed no differences, the dynamic angular displacement between both groups showed a significant difference postoperatively (group A from 6.2° to 6.7°, group B from 6.5° to 8.4°, p-value=0.019). Conclusion: Removal of the posterior ligaments, including the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments, during posterior decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis can cause a postoperative increase in dynamic angular displacement, which can be prevented by the port-hole technique, which spares these posterior ligaments.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.882-890
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• 2007

Purpose : Preterm very low birth weight infant have high rate of adverse neurodevelopmental sequale. Recently, there have been lots of reports that human umbilical cord blood transplantation ameliorates functional deficits in animal models as hypoxic ischemic injury. This pilot study was undertaken to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of autologous umbilical cord blood cell transplantation for preventing neurodevelopmental sequale in perterm VLBW. Methods : Subjects were 26 preterm infants whose birth weight are less than 1,500 g and delivered under the intrauterine period 34 weeks. Autologous umbilical mononuclear cells (about $5.87{\times}10^7/kg$) were injected to neonate via the umbilical vein on the postnatal 24-48 hour. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed by numbers of nucleated RBC, urinary uric acid/creatinine ratio, concentration of neuron specific enolase (NSE), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid on day 1 and 7. Results : There were no significant differences in the numbers of the nucleated RBC, urinary uric acid/creatinine ratio, concentration of creatine kinase between the transplanted infants and controls. But the nucleated RBC is more likely to be rapidly discharged in the transplanted group. In the transplanted group, the concentrations of IL6, $IL-1{\beta}$, and GDNF were no significant difference between day 1 and 7, although GDNF seemed to be elevated. Serum NSE concentration was significantly elevated after transplantation, but not in CSF. Conclusion : It is suggested that autologous umbilical cord blood transplantation in preterm very low birth weight infant is safe to apply clinical practice. Long term follow up study should be needed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood transplantation for neuroprotection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.747-756
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• 1999

Background: Acid-fast stain and cultures for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis are primary and essential method, but have their limitation : low sensitivity and time consuming. The objective of this study is comparison of amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test(MTD) by the conventional AFB smears and cultures in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens. Methods: During the period between November, 1997 and May, 1998 a total of 267 respiratory specimens (sputum 173, bronchial washing 94) from 187 patients suspected pulmonary tuberculosis were subjected to AFB smears, cultures and MID test. MID is based on nucleic acid amplification. We compared the MID with 3% Ogawa culture method. In positive AFB smear and negative MID specimen, positive culture identification between nontuberculous mycobacterium and M.tuberculosis was assesed by using Accuprobe M.tuberculosis complex probe. In negative AFB smear and negative AFB culture, MTD results are assessed by clinical follow-up. Results : 1) Compared with culture in sputum and bronchial fluid specimens, sensitivity and specificity of MTD in positive AFB smear is 79.7% and 20.0%, sensitivity and specificity of MTD in negative AFB smear specimens is 75.0% and 79.7%. 2) Discrepant analysis is assessed by clinical follow-up and other specimen results beyond study. Culture negative but MTD positive specimens were proved to be true positive and gave MTD sensitivity 79.2%, specificity of 84.4%, positive predictive value 80.5% and negative predictive value 83.2%. 3) 14 out of 31 specimens in negative AFB smear, negative AFB culture and positive MTD showed pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed on clinical follow-up and sensitivity is 45.2%. 4) 2 out of 13 specimens in positive AFB smear, positive AFB culture and negative MID diagnosed as non tuberculous mycobacterium by Accuprobe culture. Conclusion: This study suggested that MID in respiratory specimens is simple and rapid diagnostic method, but considered adjuvant method rather than replace the conventional AFB smear and culture.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.973-981
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• 1998

Background: About 30% to 40% of the patients with pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) die within 5 years after complete resection. The identification of poor prognostic factors and the application of additional treatment are very important to improve the survival rate in resected stage I NSCLC. Materials and methods: Sixty-eight(68) patients who had been diagnosed postoperatively between Janury 1989 and December 1995 as having stage I non-small cell lung cancer according to the TNM classification were studied. The postoperative 5-year survival rate was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinico- histopathologic factors including age, sex, operative method, type of tumor cell, T factor, grade of the differentiation in a squamous cell carcinoma, invasion of blood vessel and expression of the nm23-H1 protein were investigated and analyzed. Results: The median survival of the entire group of patients was 58$\pm$3 months, with a 5-year survival of 58.9%. In univariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and poor differentiation of the tumor cell in a squamous cell carcinoma significantly worsened the survival. In multivariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and grade of the differentiation of the tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma remained independent prognostic factors. High expression of the nm23-H1 protein was related to a high postoperative 5-year survival in comparision with low expression of the nm23-H1 pretein (73.0% vs 50.7%), but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: These results highlight the negative prognostic value of poor differentiation of tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma and invasion of blood vessel in stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Also, further studies are necessary to be determined prognostic value of the T factor and expression of the nm23 protein in non-small cell lung cancer.