• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2017

In recent years, change in life patterns gave rise to an increase in the number of families with companion animals, and as a result, frequent dermatophytes infections have been reported. Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton verrucosum, are among these species of zoophilic dermatophytes. Trichophyton mentagrophytes are transmitted to humans by contact with wild animals. Infection from it causes strong inflammation in humans. Conversely, Trichophyton verrucosum is transmitted by contact with cattles. Microsporum canis will become latent carriers in cats or dogs, causing infectious diseases when it comes in contact with humans. We investigated zoophilic dermatophytes isolated according to annual, sex, age, season, body sites, and clinical types between 2010 and 2016. According to our results, the isolation rate of zoophilic dermatophytes was 0.37%, among which, 88 T. mentagrophytes, 228 Microsporum canis, and 18 Trichophyton verrucosum were isolated in human. It is interesting to note that Microsporum canis has been on the rise since 2014. Microsporum canis and Trichophyton verrucosum were highly isolated in females, but T. mentagrophytes was isolated similarly in both sexes. According to an age-based survey, the isolation rate was higher in children younger than 10 years. Our results is a valuable data for predicting and studying the isolation of zoophilic dermatophytes in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2001

Objectives：Dysfunctional parent-child relationships have been associated with various mental and conduct disorders in adolescence and mental problems in adulthood as well. Most studies have done in clinical settings and little is known about the relationship between parenting and adolescent problem behaviors in community settings. This study is done to compare the perceived parenting and problem behaviors between problem behavior group and those of non-problem behavior group in male adolescents. Methods：The subjects of this study were 147 male high school students in Seoul, who do not have any known mental or conduct disorders and live with their real parents. Parental Bonding Instrument and Youth Self Report were administered to evaluate the perceived parenting and problem behaviors of adolescents. Results：There were significantly higher scores of mother overprotection in problem behavior group when comparing to non-problem behavior group. There was a significant association between mother overprotection and problem behavior when adjusting the number of family members, mother's job, parents' education level, grades, and religion. Conclusion：The parenting such as mother overprotection can be helpful to predict the problem behaviors in male adolescents, and appropriate parenting may prevent various problem behaviors in male adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.985-991
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• 2001

Objectives : The craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor located at least in part in the suprasellar cistern. However, the symptoms and signs from this tumor may be determined not only by the location of the tumor but also by its size and the age of the patient. The objective of our study is to analyze retrospectively the clinical manifestations of craniopharyngiomas with regards to tumor characteristics in children and adults. Material and Methods: Twenty-three patients(16 adults, 7 children) treated for craniopharyngioma between 1990 and 1999 were studied to demonstrate the relationship of tumor size, growth pattern, and its invasiveness with clinical symptoms. As part of the assessment, 16 adults(M : F=8 : 8, mean age : 43.7 years) and 7 children(M : F=5 : 2, mean age : 10.1 years) underwent magnetic resonance(MR) imaging and computerized tomography(CT) scanning with a three-dimensional volume acquisition sequence. Results : The three major cardinal signs were defined to increased intracranial pressure, endocrine dysfunction, and visual problems. The tumor size in child group was larger than that in adult group. Also, visual problems, symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus were more frequently observed in child group. However, endocrine dysfunction and neuropsychological symptoms related with hypothalamic connections to the thalamus, pituitary, frontal lobe, and other cortical areas were more frequent in adult group. Conclusions: In our series, the tumor size and invasiveness of craniopharyngioma revealed to be relevent with initial symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and visual symptoms which were more frequent in child group. As for the growth pattern, we did not find major difference between adults and children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2005

Objective : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) affects $5-10\%$ of children in Korea, with more boys and girls being diagnosed. Despite seriousness of ADHD, little is known about its causes. From the current genetic epidemiologic studies, ADHD is known as a heritable disorder. Till now, however, there have been very few genetic studies about ADHD in Korea. The aim of the this study is to examine the association between dopamine transporter gone type 1 and ADHD using case-control design in Korean ADHD probands and normal controls. Materials and Method : Child Psychiatric Genetic research team in Seoul National University Hospital, Clinical Research Institute recruited the ADHD probands using clinical interview/observation, diverse rating scales, and neuropsychological tests. For eliminating phenocopy or ADHD, diagnosis of ADHD was based upon clinical data, psychometric data, and parent/teacher reports. Total 85 ADHD-probands were recruited as final study subjects and independent 100 normal adults participated in this study as control group. For all the ADHD probands, and controls, the 3'-UTR-VNTR polymorphism of DAT1 was analyzed. Based on the DAT1 allele and genotype informations, Chi-square test based on case-control design was performed. Results : As for genetic study, total of 85 probands and 100 controls were included for the genetic analysis. Four different alleles, 350bp (7repeat), 440bp (9repeat), 480bp (10repeat) and 520bp (11repeat) were found in DAT1 gene of study subjects. In case-control analysis, ADHD probands and parents have significantly more 9 repeat allele and 9/10 genotype. Also, The probands with 9repeat allele have more commission errors in ADS. Conclusion : The positive association between ADHD and DAT1 gene was replicated in this report like other previous results for caucasian children and Korean children with ADHD. There are ongoing studies on other candidate genes such as DRD4 and DRD5 and it would be required to explore the association of these candidate genes in Korean children with ADHD. These ongoing genetic research will contribute to the understanding of heterogenous genetic and environmental etiologies of ADHD phenotype, which will lead to the development of more comprehensive treatment and preventive interventions for ADHD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.543-549
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• 2000

Objective : In contrary to ganglion cyst that commonly develops in connective tissue of peripheral joint or tendon, spinal ganglion cysts have been rarely reported. The authors report five cases of spinal ganglion cysts which originated from posterior longitudinal ligament of the lumbar spine. Methods : The authors retrospectively analyzed clinical, radiological, and surgical findings of five cases of spinal ganglion cysts and speculated the pathogenesis of spinal ganglion cyst. Result : Cysts were excised totally and symptoms improved without complications in all cases. Intraoperative findings revealed cysts that were tightly adherent to posterior longitudinal ligament. Conclusion : Five cases of ganglion cyst which caused similar symptoms and signs those of lumbar disc herniations were excised successfully. MRI and operative findings suggested spinal ganglion cyst of posterior longitudinal ligament were closely associated with disc degeneration which imply disc degeneration or herniation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ganglion cyst.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.234-246
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• 1996

양의 스크래피(scrapie)는 우리나라에서의 발생보고가 없는 해외가축전염병의 일종이며, 동물의 전염성 해면형 뇌증(Transmissible Spomgifrom Encephalopathies; TSEs)중 역사가 가장 오랜 질병인데, 현재 영국에서 문제되고 있는 새로운 전염병인 소 해면형 뇌증(Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; BSE) 즉 일명 광우병(mad cow disease)과의 어떤 연관 가능성 때문에 수의학계의 관심의 대상이 되고 있는 질병이다. 일단 감염되어 발병되면 치료대책 없이 100$\%$ 폐사되는 세기의 불치병으로 알려진, 소 해면형 뇌증(BSE)은 영국에서 현재 사람의 크로이츠휄트-야콥병(Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; CJD)과의 관련 가능성 여부를 놓고 독특한 문제가 되고 있는 세계적인 희귀질병이다. 이들 질병에 대하여는 아직까지 확실한 병인체가 밝혀져 있지도 않으며, 그렇기 때문에 면역 혈청학적 진단방법도 확립되어 있지 못할 뿐만아니라 예방백신의 개발 또한 불가능하다. 다만, 임상적인 병력과 임상소견, 뇌조직 표본에 대한 현미경 검사 또는 전자현미경 검사에 의한 특이소견 관찰 등 조직병리학적 진단만이 가능할 뿐이다. 본편에서는 소 해면형 뇌증(BSE)의 병리학적 감별진단과 관련, 지금까지 보고된 임상증상을 검토해보고, 우리나라에서 경험한 소의 광견병에 대한 조직병리학적 진단 재료를 근거로하여 감별진단을 위한 참고자료로 설명하고, 국제수역사무국(Office de International Epizooties; O.I.E.)에서 발생한 Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for List A and B Diseases of Mammals, Birds and Bees(1992)(포유류, 조류, 꿀벌에 있어서의 A급 및 B급 질병에 대한 진단시약 및 예방백신에 대한 표준지침) 중에서 소 해면형 뇌증(B 83; p 742-747)과 스크래피(B 32; p 424-427)에 관한 내용 (Chapter 22, 205-215)을 기본자료로 제공하고자 한다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the radiographic and clinical findings of massive rotator cuff tears. Materials and Methods: Forty-five diagnosed cases (35 patients) of massive rotator cuff tears were investigated in this study. Grade of arthritis in the massive rotator cuff tears was classified based on plain radiographs using the method of Hamada et al.. And we clinically evaluated cases using the UCLA scoring system. Results: No statistically significant correlation ($r_s$=0.220, p=0.151) was found between arthritis grades in massive rotator cuff tears and clinical features. Dominant arm involvement appeared to be related to a higher rate of surgical treatment and a lower UCLA score. Conclusion: In massive rotator cuff tear patients, radiographic findings of arthritis may not always correspond to clinical features relevant in daily life. Therefore, we suggest that treatment strategies should be carefully considered when considering treatment modalities.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.86-86
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• 1993

Many studies suggest a role for specific types of the Human Papillomavirus(HPV) in certain human neoplasms. In recent years, a numbers of studies have been reported linking the presence of HPV DNAs to a variety of carcinomas of the head and neck. We made the cloning of the Ll and L2 open reading frames of the HPV type 16 and 31 and expressed them in the baculovirus system. Those expressed Ll, L2 proteins will be used various ways to study the relationship between HPV and head and neck cancers.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Purpose: The goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the clinical findings and ultrasonographic findings of plantar fasciitis. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine symptomatic heels of 36 patients with plantar fasciitis and 21 asymptomatic heels were included. Twenty-three patients had unilateral lesions and 13 had bilateral lesions. Of these, 16 were men and 20 were women. The average age of the patients was 48.6 years. The plantar fascia thickness was measured at its insertion of the calcaneus. Qualitative parameters such as decreased echogenity, biconvexity, partial rupture and calcification of plantar fascia, and subcalcaneal spur on plain radiographs were also noted. Comparisons of ultrasonographic parameters between symptomatic heels and asymptomatic heels as well as between unilateral and bilateral groups were done. Results: There was no differences in the age, sex, body mass index, and duration of symptom between the unilateral and bilateral group. There were a statistically significant difference between the thickness of plantar fascia of unilateral group (mean 5.2 mm, SD1.5 mm) and that of bilateral group (mean 4.4 mm, SD 1.4 mm) (p=0.045). The hypoechogenity of plantar fascia and subcalcaneal spur did not differ between two groups. No fascial rupture or fascial calcification were identified. There was a statistically significant difference between the thickness of plantar fascia of symptomatic heels (mean 4.8 mm, SD1.5 mm) and that of asymptomatic heels (mean 3.1 mm, SD 0.5 mm) (p=0.000). The thickness of plantar fasia was negatively correlated with duration of symptoms (p=0.046). Conclusion: The thickness of plantar fascia in plantar fasciitis seems to be negatively correlated with the duration of symptoms, and the thickness of symptomatic heels and unilateral group was significantly thicker than that of asymptomatic heels and bilateral group, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2017

Objectives : Although antipsychotics are commonly used to control symptoms of delirium, there is a lack of research on the prescription pattern and its clinical effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of antipsychotics prescription pattern on clinical course of delirious patients consulted to psychiatry. Methods : During the period from July 2016 to February 2017, 212 patients who were referred for delirium were reviewed for their medical records. The duration of delirium was monitored using CAM-ICU, and duration of admission, mortality, and delirium at discharge were reviewed. Clinical course was compared among three groups according to the antipsychotic drug administration pattern: Continuous use group, optimal use group and PRN use group. Results : The pattern of taking antipsychotic medication longer than duration of delirium did not associated with better clinical course compared with the pattern of adapting to the period of delirium and rather increased the risk of taking antipsychotic medication at discharge. When used for a shorter period than the delirium period, it was associated with poor clinical course. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that a strategy to administer antipsychotics for a minimum period, according to periods of delirium, is appropriate. Also, efforts are needed to minimize the use of antipsychotic drugs after recovery from delirium.