• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.488-494
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate forest ecosystem assessment which were widely used in Germany and Austria. The study area, Mt. Teawha, is located at Kwangju, Kyunggi-Do province. The methodology of this study considered the following factors. First forest types were classified accoding to species composition and age of tree layer. Naturalness, diversity and rerenees of each forest type were classified into 5 level. Finally, the forest types were assessed by synthesizing those 3 factors. Qurecus mongolica- and valley forest type over 300m was classified as naturalness 4 and Qurecus accustima, Quercus accusitima and Q. variabilis were as naturalness 3. The plantation types on the lower slope showed the level of naturlness 1 or 2. Diversity was similer to naturalness. But indices were different from each other. In the case of Larix leptolepsis plantations, naturalness indicated 1, while diversity showed 3. The valley forest type, wet forest and forest edge were classified into rare forest type. It was concluded that this method could be more efficient method comparing with existing method for assessment of naturality and thereby could contribute for biodiversity conservation in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 2005

Biomass and net production of the three 46-to 52-year-old natural Queycus mongojica stands were investigated in Namsan Park at Seoul. Total above- and belowground biomass including understory vegetation for the three stands ranged from 14776t1ha to 278.48t/ha and total net production ranged from 6.96t/ha/yr to 11.11t/yr. Understory vegetation biomass for the three stands ranged from $0.14\%\;to\;1.14\%$ of total biomass. Biomass accumulation ratio for the three stands ranged from 20.72 to 25.07 and net assimilation ratio as an index of foliage photosynthetic efficiency ranged from 2.79 to 3.34. Net production and net assimilation ratio of this study stands which were located in Namsan Park of central Seoul were low compared to the natural Quercus mongojica forests in other districts in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2009

Using dynamic programming, which is one of operations research techniques, the best pathway was chosen to maximize the total harvest volume for a Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) stand. This study was carried out in an age class III at Chuncheon National Forest, Gangwon province. That stand was assumed to apply 3 different thinning intensities of none, 30% and 50% thinnings. These thinning pathways are planned to implement two times, of thinning at 35 age and 55 age. The final cutting (rotation age) is assumed to carry out in 70 years. A growth function for Korean white pine stand was developed with forest inventory data, the volume was calculated with this growth function. As a result, the best thinning pathway for this Korean white pine stand using dynamic programming is to implement 30% at the first thinning and 50%at the second thinning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.254-261
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate and interpret the stand structure of Korean Red pine (Pinus densiflora) stands in Kangwon province, so as to provide basics information for effective forest management. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. Number of trees distribution for each diameter class have left nonsymmetrical in Gosung districts, but symmetrical distribution in Pyungchang districts. 2. Height curve for D.B.H. Distribution becames liner shape in Pyungchang districts that more higher than Gosung districts. 3. Stand volume and number of trees per ha in Pyungchang districts are higher than Gosung districts. 4. D.B.H. growth increments during recent 5 years at large D.B.H. class has much lager than low D.B.H. class. 5. Total growth increments of D.B.H., height and volume in Pyungchang districts are or the higher than Gosung districts overtimes 15 years later.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1973

Surveys of stock volume on steep and vast expanse of mountains, involves various difficulties. And it is extremely uneconomical in forest management point of view, to spend lots of time and man power for surveying such tree volume as the value is much cheaper in comparison with volume and weight. Therefore, a stand volume table estimate easely stock volume per hectare basis from aerial photographs was prepared and correlations to stand volume among factors affecting tree volumation, were studied. Data were 114 places selected from planted Korean white pine, Pinus koreiensis Sieb. et Zucc. stands in Kwangnung Experiment Forest and were computed and analysed by the means of the quantification in the multi-variate statistical analysis. Electronic Data Processing System was applied for data processing at Korean Instiute of Science and Technology. Coefficients of multiple correlations of stand volume table was ranged 0.85~0.88.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

This study was carried out to obtain the basic model to estimate damage degree from the correlation analysis between forest fire and site environment factors and to clarify the restoration trends thorough multi-temporal survey by observing species diversity followed by various treatments at damaged forest area over time. From the derived model, the damage degree of forest fire was higher in the area of dense coniferous stands composed of simple story at the elevation of about 100m and 200m, and on steeper slope area over 30 degree. As results of this study, fire damaged trees are needed to cut down and a mixed stand with deciduous and coniferous species from the same area is desirable for the future species composition on fire damaged forest. Thus, site characteristics, local species, and mixed stands are the main consideration to enhance the vegetation recovery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.3
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• pp.372-381
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• 2024

This study was performed to analyze adequate stand density management criteria for commercial forests of the major coniferous species, Pinus densiflora, P. koraiensis, and Larix kaempferi in South Korea. Relative density (RD) was applied to analyze occurrence of mortality, mean DBH growth, and height-diameter (HD) ratio. The results showed that when RD was 0.7 or higher, the average number of mortality in all three species increased to 15-24 trees/ha, with mortality rates ranging from 20.0%-35.4%. As RD increased, mean DBH growth decreased 0.2-0.5 cm/year by species, but the HD ratio increased 46.9%-71.4%. Consequently, if adequate stand density management criteria are selected with RD 0.7 for P. densiflora and L. kaempferi and RD 0.8 for P. koraiensis, it is considered to increase high-quality timber production with lower mortality and increased growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 1997

This study has been carried out to estimate carbon fixation, and carbon NPP based on equation form of $Wt=aD^bH^c$ in natural stand of Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis in Chungju. The effect of improvement of environment was also evaluated by estimating sink of $CO_2$ gas in forest ecosystem of Korea in a year. The following effects have been obtained in analysing estimate of allometric equation. Equation form of $Wt=aD^bH^c$ was the most adequate, those of $Wt=a(D^2H)^b$, $Wt=aD^b$ estimate of the biomass and the carbon fixation in Quercus natural stand of Chungju. Total above ground of Quercus mongolica was 130.58 t/ha and that of Quercus variabilis was 137.38 t/ha. Annual production of two stands was 9.96 t/ha/yr, 8.64 t/ha/yr, respectively. Carbon fixation of total above ground was 60.52t C/ha in Quercus mongolica stand, and was 62.22t C/ha in Quercus variabilis stand. Annual fixation of carbon was 4.78t C/ha/yr and 4.28t C/ha/yr, seperately. Annual emission of carbon estimated 2.44t C/ha/yr in contrast of forest area in Korea. It was showed that the annual fixation of carbon was higher 1.84t C/ha/yr~2.34t C/ha/yr than annual emission of carbon. But foliage was 2.39t C/ha/yr and 1.89t C/ha/yr, which occupied 40% and 50% of annual carbon fixation of total above ground. Annual carbon fixation may fluctuate about 1.89t C/ha/yr~2.39t C/ha/yr by seasons.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.3
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• pp.341-354
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• 2021

A large part of Gapyeong is occupied by Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations. Abies holophylla stands are scattered throughout Gapyeong, but little information on their distribution is available. This study explored the potential of succession from planted species to native A. holophylla in plantations. Trees were inventoried and regeneration of A. holoplhylla and stand management history were examined in Korean pine, Japanese larch, and A. holophylla-dominated stands. The importance percentage of A. holophylla was the highest among species with a range of 36.1% to 79.1% in all stands and the density of A. holophylla in understory (DBH <2 cm or <1.3 m height) ranged from 50 to 5,820 trees ha^-1. Non-metric multidimensional scaling classified stands into four types, AN, AP, AM, and P. The AN type showed a reverse J-shape DBH distribution, which was similar to that in natural A. holophylla stands. Both AP and AM types included Korean pine plantations with A. holophylla seed trees within stands. For AP, A. holophylla competed with planted species in overstory and deciduous broadleaved species in understory. The AM type was once thinned from below, thus stem density in the mid DBH classes was lower than upper or lower DBH classes. The P type consisted of plantations without A. holophylla seed trees. However, understory regeneration of A. holophylla was abundant through seed supply from A. holophylla in adjacent stands. Plantations with A. holophylla seed trees within or in adjacent stands showed vigorous natural regeneration of A. holophylla, highlighting the potential for succession from planted species to native A. holophylla in the Gapyeong area. Further studies can help develop techniques to restore plantations to native species-dominated natural stands using ecological succession.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.166-181
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the community structure of old-growth forest and vegetation-environment relationships in the Sangwonsa-Bironbong area, Odaesan National Park. TWINSPAN and DCA were used to identify and describe the community types for 45 sample sites. The results of DCA ordination showed that soil pH, soil organic matters and soil moisture played a role in determining community types in the study area. Community types of the study area were role in determining community types in the study area. Community types of the study area were classified into 6 groups by TWINSPAN; Abies holophylla-Carpinus koraiensis community. Each community types were significantly different in soil pH and soil organic matters. And each community types can be explained by geographical features.