• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.181-192
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• 2017

Recently, many researches are carried out for Advanced Driver Assistant Systems(ADAS). Especially, many studies are carried out to analyze the road situation using road images. In order to improve the performance of the road situation analysis, it is necessary to acquire images with appropriate exposure time. In this paper, we design and implement multi exposure smart vehicular camera which provides road traffic information to driver. Proposed device can acquire road traffic information by on-board camera and various sensors. And we propose an auto exposure control algorithm for the road environment to increase accuracy of image recognition. In addition, we also propose the switching ROI method that apply existing ROI techniques to overcome a limited computation power of embedded devices. We developed prototype of multi exposure smart vehicular camera and performed experiments to evaluate proposed auto exposure control algorithm and switching ROI method. The results show that the average accuracy of image recognition increased by 13.45%.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.83-93
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• 2013

Recently, the SURF algorithm, which is conjugated for object tracking system as part of many computer vision applications, is a well-known scale- and rotation-invariant feature detection algorithm. The SURF, due to its high computational complexity, there is essential to develop a hardware accelerator in order to be used on an IP in embedded environment. However, the SURF requires a huge local memory, causing many problems that increase the chip size and decrease the value of IP in ASIC and SoC system design. In this paper, we proposed a way to design a SURF algorithm in hardware with greatly reduced local memory by partitioning the algorithms into several Sub-IPs using external memory and a DMA. To justify validity of the proposed method, we developed an example of simplified object tracking algorithm. The execution speed of the hardware IP was about 31 frame/sec, the logic size was about 74Kgate in the 30nm technology with 81Kbytes local memory in the embedded system platform consisting of ARM Cortex-M0 processor, AMBA bus(AHB-lite and APB), DMA and a SDRAM controller. Hence, it can be used to the hardware IP of SoC Chip. If the image processing algorithm akin to SURF is applied to the method proposed in this paper, it is expected that it can implement an efficient hardware design for target application.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2012

Convolution filtering methods have been widely applied to various digital signal processing fields for image blurring, sharpening, edge detection, and noise reduction, etc. According to their application purpose, the filter mask size or shape and the mask value are selected in advance, and the designed filter is applied to input image for the convolution processing. In this paper, we proposed an image processing acceleration method for the convolution processing by using two-dimensional Look-up table (LUT) and overlap-region buffering technique. First, based on the fixed convolution mask value, the multiplication operation between 8 or 10 bit pixel values of the input image and the filter mask values is performed a priori, and the results memorized in LUT are referred during the convolution process. Second, based on symmetric structural characteristics of the convolution filters, inherent duplicated operation region is analysed, and the saved operation results in one step before in the predefined memory buffer is recalled and reused in current operation step. Through this buffering, unnecessary repeated filter operation on the same regions is minimized in sequential manner. As the proposed algorithms minimize the computational amount needed for the convolution operation, they work well under the operation environments utilizing embedded systems with limited computational resources or the environments of utilizing general personnel computers. A series of experiments under various situations verifies the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed methods.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.661-674
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• 2009

Recently, there has been much research and many attempts to enhance converged information technology services using new technology such as ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) in medical, environmental, industrial, and logistic areas. There has also been much research and various attempts to apply this new technology to agricultural areas. However, applications to the agricultural areas should be considered differently against the same areas such as medical, environmental, industrial, and logistics. Therefore, this paper suggests that an agricultural cultivating management and traceability system. This system is a unified system that supports the processes sowing seeds through selling agricultural products to consumers. Farmers can be provided with an effective calendar for cultivation and weather information in real time as well as the monitoring of the growth of farm products on the farm in real time using this system. Farmers can also control all equipment installed on the farm directly or remotely and the equipment can be controlled automatically when the measured values such as temperature and humidity deviate from the decent criteria which are set by farmers or this system. Additionally, the reliability for and the better quality of the agricultural products can be improved because farmers can use this unified system to cover all processes from sowing seeds to selling to consumers.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.10
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• pp.337-350
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• 2014

Internet-of-Things(IoT) is the computing paradigm converged with different technologies, where diverse devices are connected via the wireless network, acquire environmental information from their equipped sensors, and are actuated. IoT applications provide smart services to users by interacting with multiple devices connected to the network. IoT devices provide the simple set of the information and also offer smart services by collaborating with other devices. That is, IoT applications always interact with IoT devices which are becoming very popular at a fast pace. However, due to this fact, developing IoT application results in unconventional technical challenges which have not been observed in typical software applications. Moreover, since IoT computing has its own characteristics which are distinguished from other former paradigms such as embedded computing and mobile computing, IoT applications also reveal their own technical challenges. Therefore, we analyze technical challenges occurring in developing IoT applications and present effective solutions to overcome the challenges. To verify identified issues and presented solutions, we present the result of performing a case study of developing an IoT application. Through the case study, we verify how the unconventional technical issues are raised in a real domain and analyze effectiveness of applying the solutions to the application.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1099-1116
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• 2019

Industrial control systems(ICS) are widely used in various industrial area and critical infrastructure. To mitigate security threats on ICS, the security assurance test for industrial control devices has been introduced and operating. The test includes testing of the security function of the device itself and testing of communication robustness. In this paper, we describe the security requirements of EDSA, Achilles, and Korea's TTA standard(security requirements for ICS). And also, we analyzed the characteristics of communication robustness test(CRT) of each certification. CRT verifies the device's operation of essential function while transmitting fuzzing and stress packets. Existing test methods are mostly focused on the embedded devices and are difficult to apply to various devices. We propose a method to test communication robustness which reflect the characteristics of control H/W, control S/W, field devices and network devices in ICS. In the future, we will apply the proposed communication robustness test to actual products and present solutions for arising issues.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose an efficient image processing system to detect and track the movement of specific objects such as patients. The proposed system extracts the outline area of an object from a binarized difference image by applying a thinning algorithm that enables more precise detection compared to previous algorithms and is advantageous for mixed-mode design. The binarization and thinning steps, which require a lot of computation, are designed based on RTL (Register Transfer Level) and replaced with optimized hardware blocks through logic circuit synthesis. The designed binarization and thinning block was synthesized into a logic circuit using the standard 180n CMOS library and its operation was verified through simulation. To compare software-based performance, performance analysis of binary and thinning operations was also performed by applying sample images with 640 × 360 resolution in a 32-bit FPGA embedded system environment. As a result of verification, it was confirmed that the mixed-mode design can improve the processing speed by 93.8% in the binary and thinning stages compared to the previous software-only processing speed. The proposed mixed-mode system for object recognition is expected to be able to efficiently monitor patient movements even in an edge computing environment where artificial intelligence networks are not applied.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.383-391
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• 2014

In this paper, temperature, pressure and flow analysis system for testing a fuel filter of a diesel engine at the low-temperature environment in winter, is proposed. The light oil of diesel engine below a specific temperature is changed to the waxing materials like paraffin, and it prevents engine to start easily because of reducing fluidity. Thus, built-in block heater should be installed with fuel filter in order to solve this problem. And it is necessary to design evaluation system that can analyze the performance according to temperature, pressure and flow characteristics near fuel filter at a very low temperature. In this paper, we measured a physical quantity related to the performance of around the fuel filter using the proposed system, and analyzed their characteristics. Also the measured data is transferred to remote user by using a web server of embedded systems, and analyzed their conditions in remote place via web browser in order to know the operating status of fuel filter. We installed the proposed system in a small test chamber to verify the performance and took an experiment in normal temperature and very low temperature, and could obtain temperature, pressure and flow of near the fuel filter. As a result, the fuel flow could be improved during operation of the fuel heater.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2217-2224
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• 2014

This paper deals with system development which measures 12 channel ECG using medical analog front end(AFE) and discriminates arrythmia through signal analysis. Recently, occurrences of cardiac arrest have been increased. So the need of system that diagnoses an arrythmia which results in cardiac arrest is increasing. There are some drawbacks of conventional 12 channel ECG system that it occupies bulk and consists of complicated circuit. To improve those, we made up the system composed of medical AFE, algorithm for discriminating arrythmia and DSP for signal processing. This system can be monitored 12 channel ECG waveforms and the discriminant analysis result of arrhythmia through 7" LCD and received the input through touch pannel. In this study, we conducted normal operation test about output signal of ECG simulator(normal/abnormal ECG signal) to verify the implemented system and performance evaluation of the optimization process for applying arrhythmia algorithm to an embedded environment.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.163-169
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• 2020

Recently, research on automation and unmanned operation of machines in the industrial field has been conducted with the advent of AI, Big data, and the IoT, which are the core technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The machines for these automation processes are controlled based on the data collected from the sensors attached to them, and further, the processes are managed. Conventionally, the abnormalities of sensors are periodically checked and managed. However, due to various environmental factors and situations in the industrial field, there are cases where the inspection due to the failure is not missed or failures are not detected to prevent damage due to sensor failure. In addition, even if a failure occurs, it is not immediately detected, which worsens the process loss. Therefore, in order to prevent damage caused by such a sudden sensor failure, it is necessary to identify the failure of the sensor in an embedded system in real-time and to diagnose the failure and determine the type for a quick response. In this paper, a deep neural network-based fault diagnosis system is designed and implemented using Raspberry Pi to classify typical sensor fault types such as erratic fault, hard-over fault, spike fault, and stuck fault. In order to diagnose sensor failure, the network is constructed using Google's proposed Inverted residual block structure of MobilieNetV2. The proposed scheme reduces memory usage and improves the performance of the conventional CNN technique to classify sensor faults.