• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.41-56
• /
• 1978

This experimentation aims to study on the characterics of tree growth by forestry land soil system and the effect of applied fertilizer by kind of tree for obtaining basic data on application of fertilizer to forestry land and to further investigate the restriction factor of tree growth by soil system for promoting more effective application of fertilizer to forestry area. 1. The characteristics of tree growth by soil system showed that tree growth was worst on erosive soil, bad on red or red and yellow soil and generally good on brown soil. 2. With regard to Black Locust, the restriction factor of its growth appeared the content of $P_2O_5$ in the soil and the less the content of $P_2O_5$ is in the soil, the worse its growth was and its growth was bad on clay soil. 3. The growth of pinus seems closely related with the content of $K_2O$ in the soil and the growth of PH was bad on neutral or alkali soil and good on weak-acid soil. Its growth greatly depended upon the content of OM or FN. 4. As Suwon Poplar is a kind of tree requiring for a special soil, its growth required for fertile soil and the content of O. MN $P_2O_5$ $K_2O$ was proportional to its growth. 5. The growth of Black Locust, pinus and Suwon Poplar was good on the soil containing much sand but bad on the soil containing much clay.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to reveal the effects of local climatic conditions on the early growth of Korean white pine progeny test stands. For this, stand variables such as mean DBH, mean height, basal area per hectare, and volume per hectare by stand age and locality were first measured and summarized for each stand. Based on these statistics, annual increments for 10 years from stand age 10 to 20 were calculated for each of stand variables. The effects of local climatic conditions as one of environmental factors on the growth were then analyzed by both a topoclimatological method and a spatial statistical technique. From yearly climatic estimates,30 climatic indices which affect the tree growth were computed for each of the progeny test stand. The annual increments were then correlated with and regressed on the climatic indices to examine effects of local climatic conditions on the growth. Gapyung area provided the best conditions for the early growth of Korean white pine and Kwangju area ranked second. On the other hand, the growth pattern in Youngdong ranked last overall as expected. It is also found that the local growth patterns of Korean white pine in juvenile stage were affected by typical weather conditions. The conditions such as low temperature and high relative humidity provide favor environment for the early growth of Korean white pine. Especially, it was concluded that the low temperature is a main factor influencing the early growth of Korean white pine based on the results of correlation analysis and regression equations developed far the prediction of annual increments of stand variables.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.95 no.1
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2006

Closing processes of taping holes and diameter growth of taped trees of Acer mono were investigated to understand the effects of sap taping and number of tapping holes on tree growth and closing speed of holes. Closing processes of tapping holes were faster at trees taped of ten holes than trees tapped of one, three, five holes during the study period, and tapped holes were completely filed up within 15 months. Diameter growth by number of tapped hole were 0.54 mm for control trees, 0.60 mm for trees taped of one hole, 0.64 mm for trees taped of three holes, 0.33 mm for tapped of five holes and 0.31 mm for trees taped of ten holes, respectively. Closing processes of tapping holes by fusion materials was fast in the order of DB ointment, stirofoam, control and bamboo vinegar. Especially, tapped holes in the case of DB ointment was completely healed within 4 months. Therefore, DB ointment should be used to minimize damage on tree growth and secure resources for sap collection of A. mono.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.2
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2015

Since 2006, new national forest inventory in Korea has been restructured to assess current status and and monitor the changes in forest resources based on permanent sample plots. The objective of estimate this study is to assess changes in forest resources such as land use/cover categories and forest stand variables. For this study, permanent plot data were collected between 2006-2008 and 2011-2013 in Chungcheongbuk-do, respectively. In order to produce land use/cover change matrix which plays an important role as an activity data for estimating GreenHouse Gas inventory, permanent plots were classified into six land use/cover categories. Additionally, matrixes for assessing the changes in age class and dominant tree species can provide more detailed information. For forest stand variables(tree density, basal area, growing stock, mean diameter at breath height, and mean height), their growth and change were assessed. The periodic annual growth ratios for tree density and basal area were slightly declined whereas that of growing stock was estimated to be about 3.7%. The uncertainty of changes in forest stand variables is less than 5%, except for tree density (RSE: 58%). The variation of tree density is relatively high compared to the other variables.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.1
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2011

Six commonly used non-linear growth functions were fitted to individual tree height-dbh data of eight major tree species measured by the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory in Chungcheong province. A total of 2,681 trees were collected from permanent sample plots across Chungcheong province. The available data for each species were randomly splitted into two sets: the majority (90%) was used to estimate model parameters and the remaining data (10%) were reserved to validate the models. The performance of the models was compared and evaluated by $R^2$, RMSE, mean difference (MD), absolute mean difference (AMD) and mean difference(MD) for diameter classes. The combined data (100%) were used for final model fitting. The results showed that these six sigmoidal models were able to capture the height-diameter relationships and fit the data equally well, but produced different asymptote estimates. Sigmoidal growth models such as Chapman-Richards, Weibull functions provided the most satisfactory height predictions. The effect of model performance on stem volume estimation was also investigated. Tree volumes of different species were computed by the Forest Resources Evaluation and Prediction Program using observed range of diameter and the predicted tree total height from the six models. For trees with diameter less than 30 cm, the six height-dbh models produced very similar results for all species, while more differentiation among the models was observed for large-sized trees.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.507-512
• /
• 2018

Three natural Pinus thunbergii stands in southern Korea were studied to investigate stem density, biomass expansion factors, allometric equations and stand biomass. Stand ages of stand 1, 2 and 3 were 15, 29 and 45 years old, respectively. Three $10m{\times}10m$ plots were set up, five sample trees were cut and roots of three sample trees were excavated for dimension analysis in each stand. Stem density of stand 1, 2 and 3 were $0.450g/cm^3$, $0.440/cm^3$ and $0.457g/cm^3$, respectively, and there was no significant difference among the three stands. Biomass expansion factors of above-ground and total tree decreased with increasing stand age. Above-ground biomass expansion factor of stand 1 was significantly higher than those of stand 2 and 3, and total tree biomass expansion factor of stand 1 was significantly higher than that of stand 3. Allometric equations were developed for the 15 sample trees of the three stands based on D or $D^2H$. Above-ground biomass of stand 1, 2 and 3 were 50.72t/ha, 89.92t/ha, 194.07t/ha, respectively, and total tree biomass of stand 1, 2 and 3 were 61.62t/ha, 113.12t/ha, 248.36t/ha, respetively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 1962

(1) The objects of this study are to observe the possibility of regenerating a young merchantable pitch pine stand by sprouts and to compare the growth trend of sprouts with that of seedlings of same age grown under the almost same circumstances. (2) A plot of 20 year old pitch pine plantation, i.e. 200 trees on 0.1 ha of average D.B.H. 14 cm was clearcut at 20 cm above ground in April, 1945. By the late spring of that year sixty per cent of the cut stumps had sprouted. (3) Fourty to eighty sprouts were found on each stump (maximum:412 sprouts) at the first, but many of them had gradually died out leaving only four to five sprouts per stump by the time of three years after cutting. At that time only one vigorous sprout was left per stump by eliminating the weaker ones. (4) The sprouts, as they grew, started to cover the old stumps with new tissues developed from lower part of sprouts;consequently forming new root systems from the base of new tissues, and they appeared to be seedlings. When the age of sprouts was thirteen years old, the old stumps were completely decayed away and the reproduced stand from sprouts was averaged at 9.7 cm in D.B.H. and at 5.5m in height. (5) When the age of sprouts was thirteen years old, the sprouts exceeded the seedlings in both of total present growth and mean annual increment in height, volume, D.B.H. and basal area, but the seedlings began to exceed the sprouts in current annual increment of height, volume, D.B.H. and basal area at about ten years of age. The rates of increment of the seedling in height, volume, ect. were larger than those of sprouts except when they were one to four years old. From above facts, the following may be concluded: (1) In regenerating a pitch pine stand by sprouts, the lower the stump height, the better the result. (2) If no light limit exists, regenerating a pitch pine stand by sprouts is well possible even at the age of 20 year. (3) Pitch pine reproduction started from sprouts exceeds the seedlings of same age in growth under the almost same circumstances until they get ten years of age.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1999

Noticing the intrinsic growing habit variations of hardwood species which is indigenous to the natural deciduous forest, eighteen tree species in overstory were selected for comparative evaluating tree form so as to develop the tree form index (TFI). Selected six tree form attributes were arbitrarily divided four assessment criteria and given appropriate scores. Eighteen tree species were undergone corresponding scores, converted to percentage base, and estimated TFI by the summation of the six scoring values. Cluster analysis was carried out to review which attribute would have been shared among species based on dissimilarity of scores for each pair of species in $18{\times}6$ data matrix. The result showed that Populus davidiana had the highest TFI value of 80.8 and Carpinus cordata had the lowest TFI va1ue of 46.3. The species which received more than 70 of TFI are Populus davidiana, Betula costata, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, characterized by the advantage of straight and longer bole, the narrower crown, and the thinner branch. On the contrary, such species as Sorbus alnifolia. Prunus sargentii, Acer mandshuricum, Juglans mandshurica, and Carpinus cordata received less than 60 of TFI, characterized by the disadvantage of the crooked or forked stem. the wider or deeper crown. and the thicker branch. In the dendrogram produced by cluster analysis, arbitrary value of Euclidean distance 10 divided eighteen species into four distinctive groups. and the typical characteristics of each group were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.6
• /
• pp.774-780
• /
• 2001

Aboveground carbon storage and increment of a 31-year-old pitch pine (Pinus rigida) stand were measured for five years (1997~2001) in the Jungbu Forest Experiment Station, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The carbon concentration in each component of aboveground and soil depth decreased in the order of needle>branch>stembark>stemwood>forest floor>0-15cm soil depth>15-30cm soil depth. The carbon storage except for root carbon was 140,600kgC/ha and the tree accounted for 61%, soil 31% and forest floor 8% of the stand carbon storage. Due to high tree mortality by Fusarium subglutinans infection and spring drought in 2001, carbon increment except for 2001 data was 3,233kgC/ha/yr and was in the order of stemwood>branch>stembark>needle. Carbon storage and increment were attributed to stand density and site quality. Carbon storage and increment were higher in the high site quality than in the lower site quality plot on similar tree density. Also, the high tree density site on similar site quality showed more carbon storage and increment compared with the lower tree density. The results suggest that site quality and tree density are a key factor determining carbon storage and increment in this pitch pine stand.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.82 no.1
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 1993

Tree-ring data of subalpine conifers growing in Korea were analyzed to evaluate the possibility of enhanced tree growths due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. A total of 64 trees of three species(Taxus cuspidata, Pinus koraiensis, Abies koreana) were sampled from three mountain ranges (Seolak, Sobaek, Chiri) at 1200~1750m(above sea level) and four chronologies were developed in spans of 209~412 years. No apparent growth increases were found in the graphs of chronologies. As comparing the growths of 1900-1949 and 1950-1989 period, only one chronology possessed higher mean growth in the post-1950 period. Growth increase found in the Pinus koraiensis chronology from Mt. Seolak was 8% but it could not be solely attributed to increased carbon dioxide concentration.