• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.125-144
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• 1994

Recently excessive daytime sleepiness was found to have relations with various social, occupational, and health problems. This condition is common symptom of several sleep disorders, among which sleep apnea syndrome is most contributive. It is essential to assess daytime sleepiness exactly for the diagnosis of such sleep disorders. Multiple sleep latency test which is a valid and objective measurement technique of sleepiness is time and cost consuming, and so there is increasing need of scales measuring general level of daytime sleepiness which are quick and simple to perform for clinical and research purpose. And also, there have been a lot of sleep researches viewing sleep as a chronobiological process, especially in the study of circadian type of shift workers. In these studies they used various techniques of multiple demensions to assess sleepiness or circadian rhythm which concerns various psychological variables. Of these measurement techniques circadian type questionnaires might have some problems in their psychometric properties. So some of these morningness-eveningness questionnaires have been revised and more valid scales are being suggested by different authors. The author briefly reviewed various measurement techniques of sleepiness and circadian rhythm and introduced recently developed scales which are more valid allegedly, and finally discussed psychometric properties of these morningness-eveningness questionnaires.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.500-506
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• 2000

Objective : To determine the role of preoperative embolization on postoperative neurological outcome in the treatment of cerebral AVMs, we retrospectively evaluated an effectiveness of combining preoperative embolization and microsurgery for arteriovenous malformations(AVM) of the brain. Method : Two groups(10 patients who underwent preoperative superselective embolization and surgery versus 27 patients who underwent surgery only) were compared and categorized by Spetzler-Martin grade, the size of AVM and postoperative clinical outcome using Glasgow Outcome Scale. The 37 patients included 23 males and 14 females, ranging in age from 11 to 74 years(mean 36 years). Results : The arteriovenous malformations in preoperative embolization and surgery group had a larger average greatest diameter(4.45cm versus 3.83cm) and were of higher Spetzler-Martin grade(80% versus 52% grade III through V). At 1 week after surgery, the preoperative embolization and surgery group represented a better outcome(60% versus 44% with Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 5). And over 6 months after surgery, the embolization and surgery group displayed more favorable clinical outcome(80% versus 63% with Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 5). Conclusion : Combined treatment with superselective preoperative embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate and direct surgery may help neurosurgeon treating the high grade AVMs thus improving the postsurgical outcome.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.26-26
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• 1991

기관 절개술은 절대적으로 필요한 수술 방법임에도 불구하고 경우에 따라서는 매우 심각한 합병증이나 후유증을 유발하고 있어 가능한 피하는 것이 좋으며 부득이하여 시술을 하더라도 그 적절한 시기를 정하기 어려운 경우가 많다. 특히 유소아에서는 최근에 개량된 삽관튜브의 출현으로 비교적 장기간의 기관삽관이 가능해지자 기관절개술의 적용예가 많이 감소하기는 하였으나 합병증이나 후유증을 너무 우려한 나머지 기관절개술을 기피하거나 적절한 수술시기를 놓쳐 더욱 어려운 입장에 처하게 되기도 한다. 저자들은 1977년도부터 1990년까지 세브란스 병원에서 기관절개술을 시행받은 15세이하의 유소아 환자 94례에서 기관절개술의 원인 질환과 적용시기 및 합병증을 알아보고 기관삽관과의 관계를 후향적으로 조사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 유소아 기관 절개술의 원인 질환은 두부외상이 28례(29.8%)로 가장 많았고, 신경계 질환 17례(18%), 기도 감염 10례(10.6%)의 순이었고 그 외 선천적 기형 종양, 외상, 감염 등으로 다양한 분포를 보였다. 2.기관 절개술전에 기관삽관을 시행하지 않았던 예는 18례(19.1%)이고 기관삽관을 시행했던 예는 76례(80.9%)이며, 38례(40.4%)는 일주이내에 기관절개술을 시행하였고 12례(12.8%)는 2주이내에, 8례(8.5%)는 3주이내, 6례(6.4%)는 4주이내에 시행하였으며 12례(12.8%)는 기관 삽관후 4주이후에 기관절개술을 시행하였다. 3.기관 절개술후, 합병증은 26례(27.7%)에서 있었고 육아조직 형성이 14례(14.9%) 였고 기관 협착이 12례(12.8%)의 순이었다. 4.인공 호흡기률 사용하였던 46례(48.9%)중 14례(14.9%)에서 합병증이 있었고, 인공 호흡기를 사용치 않았던 48례(51.5%)에서는 12례(12.8%)에서 합병증이 발생하였다. 5.삽관 발거를 시행할 수 있었던 예는 47례(50%)였으며, 기관 절개술후 1개월이내에 시행한 예가 21례(16%), 6개월이내 시행한 예가 16례(17%), 2년이내에 시행한 예가 6？(6.4%)였으며 2년 이후 시행할 수 있었던 예도 4례(4.3%) 있었다. 6.기관 절개술 환자중 26례(27.7%)는 원인 질환으로 결국은 사망하였으며, 21례(22.3%)는 삽관 발거를 하지 않은 상태에서 퇴원하여 추적이 불가능하였다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dried powder of chestnut on lipid metabolism, anti-thrombotic effect in rats. Thirty 5-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into five groups and used for experiment. We examined the lipid metabolism and antithrombotic capacity of SD rats administered for 5 weeks with 0.16 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg chestnut flesh powder and 0.16 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg chestnut inner shell and flesh powder mixture, respectively. Food intake, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were also checked. The levels of serum triglyceride and tree fatty acid were not statistically significant between the all experimental groups. However, the antithrombotic capacity and total lipid levels of the treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the negative control group. These results suggest that the supplementation of chestnut on diet lower the total lipid level in SD rats.