• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.203-212
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• 2017

A scientific model refers to a conceptual system that can describe, explain, and predict a particular physical phenomenon. The co-construction of the scientific model is attracting attention as a new teaching and learning strategy in the field of science education and various studies. The evaluation and modification of models compared with the predicted models of data from the real world is the core of modeling strategy. However, there were only a limited data provided by the teacher in many studies of modeling comparing the students' predictions of their own models. Most of the students were not given the opportunity to evaluate the suitability of the model with the data in the real world. The purpose of this study was to develop a scientific model co-construction program that can evaluate the model by directly comparing the predicted models with the observed data from the real world. Through a collaborative discussion between teachers and researchers for 6 months, a 5-session scientific model co-construction program on the subject 'image formation by convex lenses' for second grade middle school students was developed. Eighty (80) students in 3 classes and a science teacher with 20 years of service from general public co-educational middle school in Gyeonggi-do participated in this 2-week program. After the class, students were asked about the helpfulness and difficulty of the class, and whether they would like to recommend this class to a friend. After the class, 95.8% of the students constructed the scientific model more than the model using the construction rule. Students had difficulties to identify principles or understand their friends, but the result showed that they could understand through model evaluation experiment. 92.5% of the students said that they would be more than willing to recommend this program to their friends. It is expected that the developed program will be applied to the school and contribute to the improvement of students' modeling ability and co-construction ability.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-94
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to divide the classroom behaviors into the obstacle behaviors in the classroom and the participation behaviors in the classroom for improvement of classroom behaviors upon the subjects of 4th graders of elementary school, and to find out what effects the self-monitoring program influences onto classroom obstacle behaviors and classroom participation behaviors of the subjective children. Study problems established in order to achieve this objective of study are to find out: first, what effects the self-monitoring program influences classroom obstacle behaviors of children, and second, what effects the self-monitoring program influences classroom participation behaviors of children. The subjects of this study are 12 children of a normal classroom of 4th grade of A elementary school located in J city of Jeollabuk-do, out of which 8 children, who showed high proportion in the classroom obstacle behaviors, and 8 children, who showed low proportion in the classroom participation behaviors were selected, and 4 children were those who belonged to both groups resultantly in accordance with the behavior scales measured during the baseline period. To summarize the results obtained through this study, first, the self-monitoring program turned out to influence positive effects upon reduction in the classroom obstacle behaviors of children and retention of their changed behaviors; second, the self-monitoring program turned out to influence positive effects upon increase in the classroom participation behaviors of children and retention of their changed behaviors.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2015

In this research, two careers connectable with the contents of the curriculum of fifth to sixth grade elementary school students were selected among other promising future careers in biotechnology and medical engineering fields. 'Design-based promising future career STEAM program' was developed and its validity and effectiveness were verified. Reflecting recent issues, and complying with the STEAM standard (frame) instructional materials were developed through group deliberations for nine months, based on the achievement standards through an analysis of subject curriculum revised in 2009. This was prepared so that students are able to experience biotechnology and medical engineering related careers in a simulational form emphasized with creative design to make them prefer natural sciences and engineering careers and draw their interests and recognition of the relevant careers under the two disciplines. As a result of such application to STEAM Leader School students at the verification stage of the program, the contents and level of the program were verified suitable, receiving favorable reviews. And as a result of applying the developed program on other elementary school students, it was discovered that significant improvements were found in their career consciousness. Through this research, it was suggested that there is a need for a simplification of the curriculum content standards, a provision of 'standard for integration,' development of teachers' ability in reconstituting or organizing the STEAM and proceeding classes, continuous long-term support to see the effects of a policy or a program, and a reinforcement of career education integrated in the curriculum.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.176-189
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• 2002

The purpose of the study is to develop major types of scoring rubrics of portfolio system, and estimate the reliability of the rubrics developed. The portfolio system was developed by Science Education Laboratory, Chongju National University of Education in summer, 2000. The portfolio is based on the Unit 2, The Layer and Fossil, and Unit 4, Heat and Change of Objects at fourth-grade level. Four types of scoring rubrics, holistic-general, holistic-specific, analytical-general, and analytical-specific, were developed. Students' portfolios were scored and inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were calculated. To estimate inter-rater reliability, 3 elementary teachers per each rubric(total 12) scored 12 students' portfolios. Teachers who used analytical-specific rubric scored only six portfolios because it took much more time than other rubrics. To estimate intra-rater reliability, second scoring was administered by two raters per rubric in two and half month. The results show that holistic-general rubric has high inter-rater and moderate intra-rater reliability. Holistic-specific rubric shows moderate inter- and intra-rater reliability. Analytical-general rubric has high inter-rater and moderate intra-rater reliability. Analytical-specific rubric shows high inter- and intra-rater reliability. The raters feel that general rubrics seems to be practical but not clear. Specific rubrics provide more clear guidelines for scoring but require more time and effort to develop the rubrics. Analytical-specific rubric requires more than two times of time to score each portfolio and is proved to be highly reliable but less practical.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.1 s.43
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• pp.47-64
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop, apply and evaluate the teaching learning plan for disabled experimental activity to evaluate the accessibility of middle school experimental facilities. Three main resources such as 2 hours teaching learning plan for disabled activity, recording sheets and evaluation sheets had been developed. The process plan had been applied 214 senior students in 7 middle schools purposely selected by areas, constructed years, number of stories of school during November to December, 2005. General accessible levels of middle school facilities was somewhat inadequate especially exterior slops, toilets, bowls were the most unaccessible ones. Most of all students had accidents and/or injuries in school environments from minor to major ones. Male Students were more likely than female Students to get injuries. Students experience of accidents and injuries and awareness of inconvenience, danger, needed facilities supported. the result of the accessibility levels evaluated by disabled activities. Students were generally satisfied with and positive to the teaching learning process plan developed and applied in this study. Students had improved critical Perspectives as well as awareness of inaccessible chances in the school facilities through the experimental process. The evaluation as differed by school characteristics and students' interests in disability.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.246-257
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to develop and apply three types SMART instructional modules about the mineral resources and investigate its effect. One hundred students in the experimental group and 111 students in the control group from 6 classes in the $1^{st}$ year of a girl's high school participated in this study. One unit of tablet PC was provided to every two students in the experimental group and three types of SMART classes were implemented in class. Teacher-centered traditional classes were carried out for the control group. The instrument designed to assess the level of students' interest in mineral resources consisted of 10 items using 5-point Likert scale. To investigate the level of students' understanding, 15 items were developed on the mineral, mineral deposits, and the development of mineral resources. In addition, the participants were asked to describe advantages and disadvantages of the classes using the SMART modules. Results are as follows. First, participants in the experimental group showed a significantly higher level of interest on the mineral and the mineral learning than those in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the desire to observe minerals and rocks. Second, students in the experimental group showed a higher level of understanding than the control group. The students with higher learning ability showed a significantly higher level of understanding than the lower group students. Third, the participants pointed out that the advantage of the SMART instructional modules was their experience in searching the relevant information and producing diverse outputs about mineral resource. On the contrary, the difficulties in coordinating opinions and decision making due to the excessive quantity of information were perceived as the disadvantage.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.313-326
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• 2006

본 연구는 중학교 2학년 141명의 학생을 대상으로 수학 창의성(Mathematical Creative Problem Solving Ability Test: KEDI, 1997)과 성격유형(Murphy-Meisgeier Type Indicator for Children: 심혜숙 김정택, 1993)과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 자료 분석은 중학생의 성격 특성을 알아보기 위하여 유형별로 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였고, 성격유형에 따른 수학 창의성의 차이를 검증하기 위하여 평한, 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA와 Duncan 사후검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 일반 중학교 2학년과 비교해 볼 때, 선호지표에서 연구 집단의 중학생은 표준화집단(심혜숙 김정택, 1993)보다 I(2.7%), J(3.9%)가 높았다. 두 번째, 수학 창의성과 성격유형을 살펴본 결과, 기질적 측면에서 유창성, 융통성, 수학 창의성 전체에서 NF형이 SJ, SP형에 비해 의미 있게 높았고, SJ형도 SP형에 비해 의미 있게 높게 나타났다. 세 번째, 성격유형 중에서 어떤 요인이 중학교 2학년의 수학 창의성을 잘 예측해 주는지를 살펴본 결과, 직관(N), 내향(I)이 수학 창의성의 예인변인으로서 유의하였다. 이러한 결과와 관련하여 수학 창의성 검사도구 및 수학창의성 프로그램 개발 시 직관과 내향을 우선적으로 고려하여야 한다. 네 번째 NT와 {SP, SJ, NF}는 통계적으로 유의미하게 같은 수준의 집단이 아니므로 직관적사고형(NT)이 감각적 감정형(SF), 감각적 사고형(ST), 직관적 감정형(NF)과는 독립된 특별한 요인으로 보인다. 직관적사고형(NT)은 조사와 개념 학습이나 소크라테스식의 문답법적인 학습과 문제해결학습을 선호하고 독립심이 지지되는 분위기의 학급을 선호한다. 따라서 수학 창의성 증진과 관련된 교육과정이나 프로그램개발 시 조사와 개념 학습이나 소크라테스식의 문답법적인 학습과 문제해결학습을 우선적으로 고려하여야 할 것이다. 연구 결과와 관련하여 연구의 제한점과 후속연구를 위한 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상이 특정지역의 중학교 2학년 학생이므로 연구결과를 우리나라 중학교 2학년으로 일반화시키는데는 무리가 있을 수 있다. 따라서 후속연구에서는 연구대상의 표집을 확대하여 볼 필요가 있다. 둘째, 수학 창의성과 성격유형간의 관계와 관련하여 수학 창의성과 성격유형의 각 하위 차원들 간에 적률 상관계수를 통해 상관관계를 분석해 보는 것이 필요하다. 셋째 직관과 내향 및 조사와 개념 학승이나 소크라테스식의 문답법적인 학습과 문제해결학습을 고려한 수학 창의성 프로그램이 개발할 필요가 있다.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.399-431
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to summarize the empirical literature on implementation of positive behavior support (PBS) within a multi-tiered system of supports in American and Korean schools and to compare its key features and outcomes in an attempt to suggest future directions for development of a Korean school-wide PBS model and implementation manuals as well as directions for future research. Twenty-four American articles and 11 Korean articles (total 35 articles) that reported the outcomes of implementation of PBS at a tier 1 and/or tier 2, or tier 3 level and that met established inclusion criteria were analyzed using systematic procedures. Comparisons were made in the areas of key features and outcomes of PBS in addition to general methodology (e.g., participants, design, implementation duration, dependent measures) at each tier of PBS. The results indicated that positive outcomes for student behavior and other areas were reported across tiers in all American and Korean studies. At the tier 1 level, teaching expectations and rules were the primary focus of PBS in American and Korean schools. However, Korean schools focused on modifying the school and classroom environments and teaching social skills whereas American schools focused on teacher training on standardized interventions or curricular by experts and teacher support during implementation of PBS. At the tier 2 level, more American studies reported implementation of tier 2 interventions within school-wide PBS, and Check/In Check/Out (CICO) was found to be the most commonly used tier 2 intervention. The results also indicated that in comparison to Korean schools, American schools were more likely to use systematic screening tools or procedures to identify students who need tier 2 interventions and more likely to promote parental involvement with implementing interventions. At the tier 3 level, more Korean studies reported the outcomes of individualized interventions, but more American studies reported that designing individualized intervention plans based on comprehensive functional behavior assessment results and establishment of systematic screening systems were focused when implementing individualized interventions. Furthermore, few Korean studies reported the assessment of procedural integrity, social validity, and contextual fit in implementing PBS across tiers, indicating the need for development of valid instruments that could be used in assessing these areas. Based on these results, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.