• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2004

Purpose : A rectum and a bladder should be carefully considered in order to decrease side effects when HDR patient of uterine cervix cancer. Generally speaking, the value of dosimeter at a rectum and a bladder only depends on the value of a planning equipment, while some analyses of the value of dosimetry at rectum with TLD has been reported Or the contrary, it is hardly to find a report with in vivo dosimetry(diode detector). On this thesis, we would like to suggest the following. When a patient of uterine cervix cancer is in therapy, it is helpful to put a diode detector inside of a rectum in order to measure the rectal dose Based upon the result of the dosimetry, the result can be used as basic data at decreasing side effects. Materials and Methods : Six patients of uterine cervix cancer(four with tandem and ovoid, one with cylinder, and the other one with tandem and cylinder) who had been irradiated with HDR. Ir-192 totally 28 times from February 2003 to June 2003. We irradiated twice in the same distant spots with anterior film and lateral film whenever we measured with a diode detector. Then we did planning and compared each film. Results : The result of the measurement 4 patients with a diode detector is the following. The average and deviation from 3 patients with tandem and ovoid were $274.1{\pm}13.4cGy$, from 1 patient with tandem and ovoid were $126.1{\pm}7.2cGy$, from 1 patient with cylinder were $99.7{\pm}7.1cGy$, and from 1 patient with tandem and cylinder were $77.7{\pm}11.5cGy$. Conclusion : It is difficult to predict how the side effect of a rectum since the result of measurement with a diode detector depends on the state of a rectum. According to the result of the study, it is effective to use a TLD or an in vivo dosimetry and measure a rectum in order to consider the side effect. It is very necessary to decrease the amount of irradiation by controlling properly the duration of the irradiation and gauze packing, and by using shield equipments especially when side effects can be expected.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2009

Purpose: In treating head and neck cancer, it is very important to irradiate uniform dose on the junction of the bilateral irradiation field of the upper head and neck and the anterior irradiation field of the lower neck. In order to improve dose distribution on the junction, this study attempted to correct non uniform dose resulting from under dose and over dose using the field-in-field technique in treating the anterior irradiation field of the lower neck and to apply the technique to the treatment of head and neck cancer through comparison with conventional treatment. Materials and Methods: In order to examine dose difference between the entry point and the exit point where beam diffusion happens in bilateral irradiation on the upper head and neck, we used an anthropomorphic phantom. Computer Tomography was applied to the anthropomorphic phantom, the dose of interest points was compared in radiation treatment planning, and it was corrected by calculating the dose ratio at the junction of the lower neck. Dose distribution on the junction of the irradiated field was determined by placing low-sensitivity film on the junction of the lower neck and measuring dose distribution on the conventional bilateral irradiation of the upper head and neck and on the anterior irradiation of the lower neck. In addition, using the field-in-field technique, which takes into account beam diffusion resulting from the bilateral irradiation of the upper head and neck, we measured difference in dose distribution on the junction in the anterior irradiation of the lower neck. In order to examine the dose at interest points on the junction, we compared and analyzed the change of dose at the interest points on the anthropomorphic phantom using a thermoluminescence dosimeter. Results: In case of dose sum with the bilateral irradiation of the upper head and neck when the field-in-field technique is applied to the junction of the lower neck in radiation treatment planning, The dose of under dose areas increased by 4.7~8.65%. The dose of over dose areas also decreased by 2.75~10.45%. Moreover, in the measurement using low-sensitivity film, the dose of under dose areas increased by 11.3%, and that of over dose areas decreased by 5.3%. In the measurement of interest point dose using a thermoluminescence dosimeter, the application of the field-in-field technique corrected under dose by minimum 7.5% and maximum 17.6%. Thus, with the technique, we could improve non.uniform dose distribution. Conclusion: By applying the field-in-field technique, which takes into account beam divergence in radiation treatment planning, we could reduce cold spots and hot spots through the correction of dose on the junction and, in particular, we could correct under dose at the entry point resulting from beam divergence. This study suggests that the clinical application of the field-in-field technique may reduce the risk of lymph node metastasis caused by under dose on the cervical lymph node.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.325-340
• /
• 1996

Along with traditional goal of 'straightening teeth', today's orthodontics put more and more emphasis on facial esthetics. Naturally, the importance of soft tissue, which dictates one's facial form, is noticed. There have been many cephalometric studies on growth of hard tissue ; however, only a few on that of soft tissue. In Korea, various methods of sampling, measuring and analysing were used to study soft tissue changes, and yet, soft tissue changes along with process of normal growth have not been studied. The author carried out this study as a part of semi-longitudinal study on craniofacial growth and development of Korean children from ages of six to seventeen. 409 boys and 436 girls who'd had no systemic disease for the last three years and shown normal developmental and occlusal status were chosen as subjects. Cephalometric X-rays were taken of each subject, and facial form, lip position & form, nose form, and lip thickness were measured. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated according to age and gender, and figures and tables were drawn accordingly. The following results were obtained: 1. In respect to facial form, boys showed growth for longer period compared to girls. Also, lower face showed higher growth rate than upper face. 2. There was not much change in thickness of upper and lower lips with age; however, they appeared more prominent compared to caucasian children. 3. Nose grew horizontally with age. 4. Horizontal thickness of lower face increased with age, and upper lip thickness at nose base[A-Sn(FH)] showed more growth than anywhere else.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the sagittal root position of maxillary anterior teeth and report the frequency of each classification in Korean for immediate implant placement. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of cone-beam computed tomography (cone-beam CT) images was conducted on 120 patients (60 male and 60 female) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After reorientation of the axis, cone-beam CT images were evaluated and the relationship of the sagittal root position (SRP) of the maxillary anterior teeth to its associated osseous housing was recorded. Class I, II, and III were classified respectively when the root was positioned on the labial, central, and palatal aspect of the alveolar bone. Class IV was the position that at least two thirds of the root is engaging both the labial and palatal cortical plates. Then, the angulation of the root axis and the alveolar bone axis was measured. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the angulation according to the root position and SRP class. Results: The frequency distribution of sagittal root position of maxillary anterior teeth indicated that 81.1%, 10.3%, 1.9%, and 6.7% were classified as Class I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The sagittal angulation at approximately 77.5% of central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine was < 20 degrees, but the angle at more than 42.7% of canine was ≥ 20 degrees. Within the class, the angulation was statistically significantly greater in Class I (16.19) compared to Class II (8.72) and Class III (9.93), and smaller in Class IV (3.79). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, a majority of the maxillary anterior roots were positioned close to the buccal cortical plate. However, some roots have very thin alveolar bone and sagittal angulation larger than 30 degrees. Therefore, cone-beam CT analyses of the sagittal root position and the sagittal angulation are recommended for the selection of the appropriate dental implant treatment approach.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.10-15
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The manner of rectal bleeding of auto-amputated polyps (AP) is similar to juvenile polyps (JP) or Meckel's diverticula (MD). We conducted this study to characterize the clinical spectrum of AP. Methods: Fourteen patients were enrolled this study who were diagnosed AP due to painless rectal bleeding. The clinical data of AP was assessed and then compared with the clinical data of JP and MD retrospectively. Results: The prevalence of AP was 10.4% (14/135) and high in younger patients compared with that of JP (p=0.042 below 2 years). Whereas JP was more common in patients aged 2 to 5 years (p=0.005). Male was predominant in AP (p=0.008 AP vs JP). The manner of rectal bleeding in AP group was sudden and transient. There was no significant difference in time interval between onset of rectal bleeding and diagnosis between the 3 groups. However AP was diagnosed in 9 patients (64.3%) within 7 days after onset of rectal bleeding, but JP was diagnosed in 5 patients (4.1%) in the same period (p<0.001). All of AP were located in the rectum and the sigmoid colon. The mean hemoglobin was 11.3${\pm}$1.5 g/dL in AP, 11.8${\pm}$1.3 g/dL in JP, and 8.4${\pm}$1.2 g/dL in MD (p<0.001, only significant in MD). Conclusion: AP may be considered in male older than 1 year with transient and sudden onset or increase of painless rectal bleeding without drop of hemoglobin level.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.206-214
• /
• 2003

Purpose : To analysis each clinical results after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with using variable fixatives which are metallic and bioabsorbable interference screw, and RIGIDfix. Therefore, We reported the clinical reliability and safty of ACL reconstruction using RIGIDfix. Materials and Methods : We evaluated the results of arthroscopic ACL resconstruction with patellar tendon autograft among three groups, of which group 1 is used metal interference screw for 44 patients, group 2 used bioabsorbable interference screw for 47 patients, group 3 used RIGIDfix for 42 patients. We compared the clinical results by physical examination (anterior drawer test, Lachman test and pivot shift test), Lysholm score and KT-2000 arthrometer and compared the radiological results by measurement of tunnel and fixatives position and widening and by MRI findings. We analyzed the results by SAS 8.2 Ducan. Tukey and paired t-test Results : Physical instability was in 5 cases, which group 2 had 4 cases and group 3 had 1 case. Lysholm score improved from 59.8. 64.4, 61 to 90.1, 92.3. 92. KT-2000 arthrometer instability improved from 9.20, 10.2, 9.5 to 1.43. 1.62. 2.00 (p=0.478). Radiologically, all cases had excellent tunnel position and cyst change was observed the 8 cases in the group 2, but, all 20 cases 2nd MRI had signal change of peri-fixatives. But, no correlation of clinical results. Conclusion : No statistical difference of clinical instability was found among three groups. And femoral tunnel changes were much observed in group I, II than III. We considered the RIGIDfix has much advantages because the short operation time, better fixation position and much bone contact surface. But, further long term follow up study was needed.