• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1996.05c
• /
• pp.176-181
• /
• 1996

중수로 원자로에서 핵심 구조물인 압력관은 합금이 사용되고 있는데, 고온, 고압의 방사선 분위기에서 사용되기 때문에 가동중 변형을 받는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 압력관의 건전성 평가기술을 확보하기 위하여 Zr-2.5wt.% Nb 압력관의 집합조직과 온도 변화에 따른 강도 특성을 조사하였다. 집합조직의 변화는 시편의 채취방향을 달리하여 네 가지의 집합조직 변화를 주었으며, 이들 시편에 대해 상온에서 부터 45$0^{\circ}C$까지 온도를 변화시가면서 인장시험을 실시하였다. 온도가 증가함에 따라 시편의 집합조직과 관계없이 네 종류의 시편 모두가 30$0^{\circ}C$까지는 강도가 직선적으로 감소하는 현상을 보이며, 30$0^{\circ}C$에서 37$0^{\circ}C$ 사이의 온도에서 강도가 약간 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 또한 37$0^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서는 강도가 다시 직선적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이 같은 현상은 30$0^{\circ}C$ 까지는 프리즘 슬림(-slip)으로 전위가 움직이다가 30$0^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서부터 37$0^{\circ}C$까지는 피라미드 슬림(-slip)계의 경쟁 상호작용에 의한 추가적인 응력이 필요하여 나타난 현상이라 사료된다. 온도의 변화에 따른 강도와 연신율의 curve에서 30$0^{\circ}C$와 37$0^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 plateaus region과 연신율이 최소값을 갖는 것은 동적변형시효(dynamic strain ageing)현상과 관련이 있는 것으로 생각되나 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. 집합도가 변함에 따라 인장강도는 T(transverse)>L(longitudinal)> 30。> 45 。순으로 나타났으며 이는 slip과 twin의 복합적인 작용에 의한 것으로 해석된다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.316-326
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of cleavages on indirect tensile strength (ITS) of the granite. Brazilian disc tests and ring tests with three different hole sizes were performed. 2D DEM (Discrete Element Method) simulation was employed to further understand the failure process during the tests and the mechanism behind. Results show that ITS decreases across hardway, grain and rift cleavage. Measured average ITS from ring tests is about 2.5 ~ 6.4 times of those measured from Brazilian disc tests, and it decreases with increasing ratio of diameters of inner hole and specimen. Failure pattern in ring tests is influenced by both hole size and relative positions of cleavages parallel and perpendicular to the loading direction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2015.11a
• /
• pp.264-264
• /
• 2015

전기동도금의 경우 도금후 박막의 구조와 특성이 변화하는 단점이 있다. 공정조건 중 인가전류 밀도에 따른 우선결정성장방위, 미세조직, 혼입불순물 및 인장강도 변화를 조사하였다. 혼입불순물이 적은 저전류 밀도($2A/dm^2$)에서는 동도금후 시간이 지남에 따라 초기 인장강도를 유지하였으나, 고전류 밀도(5, $8A/dm^2$)로 갈수록 혼입불순물이 많아지며 동도금후 인장강도 또한 초기값에 비해 약 60%이상 감소하였다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.247-260
• /
• 2012

In order to reduce the amount of steel reinforcements in TBM tunnel segments, the use of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete(SFRC) is being tried. The steel fibers with higher aspect ratio than that used in tunnel shotcrete are preferred to compensate the deficiency in tensile strength of the segments. In this study, the tensile properties of SFRC with aspect ratio of steel fibers equal to 80 were evaluated through flexural test and Double Punch Test. In the results of flexural test, flexural strengths of the SFRC were increased about 30%~150% thanks to bond of steel fibers used to concrete and could be properly predicted by the equation proposed by Oh(2008). There was a great difference in the estimated direct tensile strengths of the SFRC by the equations presented in ACI and RILEM. It was found that the Double Punch Test could be suitable methodology to estimate the direct tensile strength presented in RILEM of the SFRC.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.3 s.13
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2002

The waterproofing system's performance is known to show a determing by complex interaction of material factors, design details, and the quality of construction, and the waterproofing integrity of waterproofing membranes is determined by the bond to the deck and the amount of damage to the waterproofing membrane. In this research, the basic properties of waterproofing membranes on market and the tensile adhesive chracteristics of waterproofing systems of concrete bridge deck have also been investigated in the view of the damages frequently reported from job site. For the tensile adhesive strength of sheet waterproofing membranes, the results after asphalt concrete paving tends to increase more than before those. The results of the liquid waterproofing membranes are upside-down, and the more concrete has strength, the more strength of tensile adhesive increase. The ambient temperature of asphalt concrete when application of the waterproofing membrane has considerable influence on the performance of waterproofing system. As described above, waterproofing system can be influenced by several factors. If they are not considered under construction, the overlooking will cause the damages of pavement and waterproofing system after traffic opening.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1995.04a
• /
• pp.305-310
• /
• 1995

토목 및 건축재료로서 폴리프로필렌 섬유 모르타르 및 콘크리트의 사용은 미국, 영 국 등지에서 개발되기 시작하여 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔는데, 가격이 저렴하고, 화학적인 안정성과 내구성이 우수하여 그 사용이 점차 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 폴리프로필렌 섬유의 사용은 모르타르 및 콘크리트가 건조나 냉각에 의해 수축될 때 구속에 의해 발생하 는 인장응력 및 균연을 제어하고, 인성의 증가와 충격, 마모, 피로에 대한 저항성, 내구성을 증대시키는 등의 장점을 가지는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 폴리프로필렌 섬유 모르타르 및 콘크리트의 역학적 거동특성인 압축강도, 인장강도, 인성, 유동성과 균열 특성을 실험적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 실험결과 폴리프로필렌의 혼입량이 증가할수록 압축 강도, 인장강도, 인성의 증가를 보였으나, 혼입향 0.2%를 초과할 경우 유동성, 강도 모두 감 소하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그리고 단섬유형 보다는 메쉬 형태의 폴리프로필렌 섬유가 역학 적 특성면에서 우수한 것으로 관찰되었으며, Kraai 방법에 의한 소성수축균열제어 특성 실 험에서 약 45% 이상으 균열감소 (0.1%혼입) 효과를 볼 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2011

To provide the basic information about slope stability analysis, tensile force and strength of tree roots like Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Alnus japonica were measured and analyzed. As a result, tensile force increases in forms of involution of root diameter. The mean tensile strength of roots like P. koraiensis, L. leptolepis, P. densiflora, A. japonica and Q. mongolica were calculated as $165.38kgf/cm^2$, $172.78kgf/cm^2$, $176.25kgf/cm^2$, $214.29kgf/cm^2$ and $224.19kgf/cm^2$ respectively. It was shown that tensile strength decreasing tendency as root diameter increases. Also, recalculated soil shear strength by tensile strength of the roots like P. koraiensis, L. leptolepis, P. densiflora, A. japonica and Q. mongolica were $0.099kgf/cm^2$, $0.104kgf/cm^2$, $0.106kgf/cm^2$, $0.129kgf/cm^2$ and $0.135kgf/cm^2$ respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.371-379
• /
• 2013

This paper investigates the cracking and tension-stiffening behavior of 100 MPa shrinkage-compensated strain-hardening cement composite (SHCC) and conventional concrete tie elements in monotonic and cyclic tension. Strain and surface crack formation of tension ties were monitored with two strain displacement transducers and a photo microscope with a lens of magnification 50 times. Three different cement composites such as conventional concrete, shrinkage-compensated SHCC, and normal SHCC were used in the tie specimens to investigate the influence of the cement composite type on the tension stiffening and cracking behavior. Test results indicated that initial shrinkage of the ultra high-strength cement composites is greatly reduced as the 10% replacement of cement by the shrinkage-compensating admixture based on calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA). The test results on the SHCC tension ties showed that the first cracking load decreases proportionally to the initial shrinkage strain. Reinforced ultra high-strength SHCC ties with the initial shrinkage compensation exhibited improved tension stiffening and smaller crack spacings, i.e. the reduction in crack width. Cyclic loading did not have a significant effect on tension stiffening and cracking behavior of tension ties with normal concrete and SHCC materials.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.827-831
• /
• 1997

DGEBA/MDA/GN 계의 기계적 및 절연성질에 미치는 후기경화 조건의 영향을 연구하였다. 시편은 8$0^{\circ}C$에서 1.5시간 동안 경화한 후 15$0^{\circ}C$에서의 후기 경화시간과 경화온도를 다르게 하였다. 후기 경화온도가 증가함에 따라 인장강도, 절연파괴 강도 그리고 유리전이온도는 약간 증가하였으나 감소하였다. 4시간까지 후기경화되었을 때 인장강도와 유리전이온도는 증가하였으나 충격강도는 감소하였다. 그러나 4시간 후에는 거의 일정한 값을 나타내었다. 절연파괴 강도는 후기경화 시간에 관계없이 거의 일정한 값을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.614-618
• /
• 2018

The changes in the mechanical properties according to the width of the tool shoulder, rotation speed and moving speed in friction stir welding (FSW) are evaluated using Al 6061-T6. The results indicated that the tensile strength value increases with increasing rotation speed. The higher the moving speed of the tool shoulder, the lower the tensile strength, regardless of the tool type. A higher tensile strength value was generally obtained with a tool shoulder diameter of 12mm (TSD12) than with 8mm. When the moving and rotation speeds exceed a limiting value, a stabilization stage is reached, in which (the tool shoulder diameter?) no longer affects the material properties. At a tool shoulder diameter of 8mm (TSD8), the material properties are decreased and the mixture of material in the welding area is incomplete in comparison with the tool type of TSD12. The tensile strength value is decreased at a rotation speed of 1500 rpm. As a result, a rotation speed higher than the threshold value is needed in order for and the transition temperature to be reached, which allows the complete mixing of the material in the welding area.