• Title/Summary/Keyword: 인열강도

Search Result 114, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Properties of Indigenous Korean Paper(Hanji) - Classification of Oebal(single frame)Papermaking Methods - (토착한지의 특성 - 외발 초지법 분류를 중심으로 -)

  • Cheon, Cheol;Kim, Seong-Ju;Jin, Young-Mun
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.27 no.1
    • /
    • pp.88-104
    • /
    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to classify the Hanjis into three groups that were indigenous Hanji, traditional Hanji, and improved Hanji handmade by paper making method according to the physical properties of each paper sheet such as tensile, bursting and tearing strength, folding endurance and fiber orientation in each layer. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The multi-layered Hanjis made by "Oebal" Hanji making method in different direction of fiber orientation have good properties in tearing resistance. 2. The multi-layered Hanji in different direction of fiber orientation has good properties in the tearing resistance, but the burst index and the breaking length results were lower than the single layered Hanjis. 3. The different fiber orientation and multi-layered method didn't increase, the three indexes(burst index, tear index, breaking length). Only, the different direction of fiber orientation decreased the difference of width and length strength (tensile, tear) of the Hanji. 4. "Dochim"(Korean finishing touch process for indigenous Hanji by fulling round sticks) greatly increase folding endurance(double folds, not $log_{10}$) and good effect to tensile strength and burst strength. 5. The today's Oebal Hanji were the maximum of 2 layers and the indigenous Oebal Hanji were 16 layers the maximum. In addition, average of the indigenous Oebal Hanji was 4 layers(all 4-layer Hanji were the different fiber orientation of each layer). 6, The indigenous Hanji(multi-layered, and different fiber orientation) was good condition with "Dochim". Dochim increased tensile strength and burst strength of the indigenous Hanji. So the three-strength indexes were similar level("--"). 7. When the number of layer which were same fiber orientation increase, the increased Hanji became similar strength pattern("V", breaking length and burst index was higher than tear index) with "Ssangbal" Hanji. 8. The single layered papers that made by "Oebal" Hanji making method were similar strength pattern with Ssangbal Hanji. 9. There was no way to find the width and length direction of multi-layered Hanji by comparison between the difference of tensile strength and the difference of tearing resistance. 10. The compared pattern of tensile strength and tearing resistance of indigenous Oebal Hanji was different from today's Oebal Hanji. Especially, the tearing resistance of all indigenous Oebal Hanji(16 samples) was stronger on width of tearing resistance. And in the half of indigenous Oebal Hanji samples, the width of tensile strength and tearing resistance was stronger than length strength (Indigenous Oebal: '$\ulcorner\lrcorner$' 50%, '$\bigcup$' 50% $\leftrightarrow$ Today's Oebal: '$\ulcorner\lrcorner$' 12%, '$\bigcup$'6%, '$\llcorner\urcorner$'17%, '$\bigcap$'65%). In 65% today's Oebal, the length direction of tensile strength and tearing resistance was stronger than the width direction.

  • PDF

Effect of Kenaf Fiber Loading on the Properties of Natural Fiber/Natural Rubber Composites (천연섬유/천연고무 복합재료의 특성에 미치는 Kenaf 섬유함량의 영향)

  • Cho, Yi-Seok;Cho, Dong-Hwan
    • Elastomers and Composites
    • /
    • v.46 no.3
    • /
    • pp.186-194
    • /
    • 2011
  • Natural fiber/natural rubber composites were fabricated by uniformly compounding natural rubber and cellulose- based natural fiber kenaf and then by compression molding. The effect of kenaf fiber content on their vulcanization behavior, hardness, tensile properties, tear strength and static and dynamic properties was investigated. The contents of kenaf fiber in the composites were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 phr, compared to natural rubber and additives. The result indicated that various properties of natural rubber depended on the kenaf fiber content. With increasing kenaf fiber content, the torque for vulcanization of natural rubber was increased whereas the vulcanization time was reduced as well. The hardness, tensile modulus and tear strength of kenaf/natural rubber composites were gradually decreased with the fiber content whereas the tensile strength and elongation at break were decreased. Also, with increasing the kenaf fiber content the dynamic property of natural rubber was changed more greatly than the static property. The loss factor, which is closely related with the damping or absorption of the energy given to natural rubber, was proportionally increased with the fiber content.

A Study of the Effect of Degree of Cure on the Physical Properties of Rubber Compounds (가교정도에 따른 고무복합체의 물리적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyeon-Jae;Kaang, Shin-Young;Nah, Chang-Woon
    • Elastomers and Composites
    • /
    • v.33 no.4
    • /
    • pp.281-289
    • /
    • 1998
  • Tensile properties including Young's modulus and tear strength were measured for four different rubber compounds; natural rubber(NR), styrene-butadiene copolymer(SBR), ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and brominated isobutylene-p-methyl-styrene copolymer(BIMS) as a function of temperature and degree of cure. To see the effect of over cure, a measurement was made of the tensile strength and swelling behavior of the over-cured rubber compounds. Young's modulus, E, was found to have linear dependency on the degree of cure for all rubber compounds. EPDM and BIMS showed the highest and lowest slopes, respectively. The slope of NR and SBR lay between EPDM and BIMS. Tear strength, Gc, decreased in the order of NR>BIMS>SBR>EPDM. As the cure time was extended the degree of cure of NR and SBR decreased, while that of BIMS increased. EPDM showed little change in the degree of cure.

  • PDF

Effects of Coupling Agents on the Properties of EPDM/BR Blends (EPDM/BR 블렌드의 물성에 미치는 커플링결합체의 영향)

  • 하창식
    • The Korean Journal of Rheology
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.60-67
    • /
    • 1995
  • EPDM/BR 블렌드의 물성에 미치는 커플링결합체의 영향을 조사하였다. N,N' -(bis(2-methyl-2-nitroprpyl))-1,6-diamino hexane) (MNPDH)와 bis(3-triethoxysilyl propyl)-tetrasulfide (TESPT)의 두가지 종류의 커플링결합제를 사용하였다. EPDM/BR 블 렌드 및 EPDM/BR/MNPDH 또는 EPDM/BR/TESPT 블렌드의 용융점도, 탄성률 및 tan $\delta$ 를 모세관 점도계, 동적점탄성장치 및 동적응력 완화측정장치로 조사하였다. 동적점탄성 및 형태학적 연구 결과 MNPDH 또는 TESPT를 첨가할 경우 결합고무 함량이 증가하고 카본 블랙의 분산성이 좋아져 가황된 EPDM/BR 블렌드의 인열강도 및 내피로성등의 물성이 향 상되었다.

  • PDF

Dyeabilities of Elastic Composite Yarn Woven Fabrics (탄성복합사를 이용한 직물의 염색성에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Sang-Wook;Min, Mun-Hong;Lee, Sang-Bong;Park, Yeon-Bong;Kang, Shin-Hyeok;Yeum, Jeong-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
    • /
    • 2012.03a
    • /
    • pp.108-108
    • /
    • 2012
  • 이전의 연구에서 기존의 ATY 장치에 ITY 노즐을 접목하여 개조한 사가공기로 제조한 탄성복합사를 자동차 시트용 트리코트 원단으로 편직하여 일광견뢰도가 우수한 염료를 선정하고 $125^{\circ}C$에서 염색하여야 견뢰도와 spandex의 물성을 저해하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 폴리에스테르 탄성복합사의 염색성 평가에 이어 본 연구에서는 나일론 필라멘트 (70/24, Full-dull, 2ply사와 40D spandex 1ply사 복합)와 레이온사(75D, 1ply)를 투입하여 직물 원단(중량 216g/yd, 밀도 경사 78, 위사 52본/inch)을 제직한 후 2욕에서의 염색공정을 거칠 경우, 탄성복합사의 견뢰도와 물성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 나일론, 레이온, 폴리우레탄의 3종 원단을 염색성 평가를 위하여 반응성염료로 먼저 레이온 부분을 염색한 후 산성염료로 나일론 부분을 염색하였으며, 이 때 spandex가 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 spandex가 함유되지 않은 나일론, 레이온 복합 제직원단도 함께 염색한 후 견뢰도를 평가하였다. 또한, 레이온 부분은 CPB염색법과 제트염색기로 나누어 염색하여 염색기에 따른 인장강도와 인열강도를 평가하였다. 레이온 염색에는 셀룰로오스용 2관능기 반응성염료 3원색을 이용하여 khaki color로 combination염색하였으며, 나일론 부분에는 입자크기가 커서 견뢰도가 우수한 산성염료를 선정하여 combination염색한 후 냉수세하였다. 견뢰도를 비교한 결과, spandex가 포함된 탄성복합사 원단과 나일론과 레이온 만으로 제직된 원단 모두 세탁, 마찰, 물, 땀, 일광 견뢰도 모두가 4~5급으로 우수하여 spandex에 이염된 염료가 견뢰도에 미치는 영향은 없음을 확인하였다. 또한, 레이온 부분의 반응성염료 염색 시 CPB와 제트염색법의 두 가지 종류에 대한 인장강도와 인열강도 평가결과는 CPB 염색물이 제트염색물보다 약간 높게 나타났지만 3% 이내의 차이로 거의 차이가 없음을 나타내었다. 일반적으로 제트염색 시 원단은 로프상으로 이동하고, CPB염법은 확포상태 그대로 염색되기 때문에 제트염색 시 강도가 낮아지는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 본 연구에서는 탄성복합사를 경사, 위사 모두 사용함으로써 spandex가 신장하는 특성 때문에 강도의 저하가 없는 것으로 사료된다.

  • PDF

A study on the Process Characteristics of the N/P Micro-fiber Fancy yarn and fabrics (N/P 분할사를 이용한 Fancy 가공사 직물의 공정특성 및 물성에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, Sang-Gi;Park, Seong-Woo;Park, Jang-Hwan;Lee, Yeong-Hyeong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
    • /
    • 2012.03a
    • /
    • pp.90-90
    • /
    • 2012
  • 극세섬유는, 1970년대 말부터 일본의 합섬업체들이 천연소재인 Silk를 모방하기 위해 개발을 시작하였으며, 개발된 섬유의 굵기가 0.5d(1denier=1g/9,000m)이하인 것을 말한다. 이후 극세사에 대한 끊임없는 노력으로, 1980년대에는 천연스웨이드 풍의 인조피혁의 제조가 가능한 0.1d이하급 초극세사가 N/P(Nylon/Polyester) 복합방사된 형태로 개발되었으며, 일본, 및 한국 등에서 이들 소재로 제조된 직편물 제품이 첨단 고부가소재로서 호황을 누려왔다. 이러한 초극세사는 다양한 형태로 발전되어왔는데, 해도형(Islands-in-a-Sea Type), N/P(Nylon/PET), P/N(PET/Nylon) 등이 대표적인 형태이며, 가공공정 중에서 분할이 되면서 그 특성을 발현한다고 하여 분할사, 형태에 따라서 N/P 분할사라 하기도 한다. 최근들어 이러한 N/P 분할사는 기존의 의류용 용도뿐만 아니라, Wiping Cloth, 극세사 타울, 항진드기용 침장 등 다양한 비의류용 소재로도 확대 전개되고 있으며, 이렇게 다양화 되어가고 있는 용도에 따른 공정별 최적 가공 방법에 대한 연구가 진행 중이다. 사가공 공정에 있어서는 텍스쳐링 방법이 적용되기도 하는데, 가장 보편화된 텍스쳐링 방법으로는 DTY(Draw Texturing Yarn), ATY(Air Texturing Yarn) 등의 형태가 있으며, 이러한 텍스쳐링 방법은 물성에 민감한 N/P 분할사의 강도, 신도, 분할도에 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 텍스쳐링 방법이 아닌 Fancy사 형태로 사가공을 하였으며, 직물로 제직하고, 분할 가공하여 직물로써의 물성까지 분석하였다. Fancy사는 색이나 형의 변화로 디자인효과를 준 실을 말하는데, 심사, 부사, 압사로 이뤄지며 의장사, 장식사 등으로 불려지기도 한다. 주요 공정을 보면, 크릴형성용 부사를 500-600T/M으로 가연한 연사를 얻는 제1공정과, 이 가연된 부사와 심사를 합사하는 제2공정 및 합사된 크릴의 뒤틀림을 방지하기 위하여 압사로 크릴을 고정하여 주는 제3공정으로 이루어진다. 사용된 N/P 분할사는 NP30/36dty, NP50/36dty를 사용하였으며, 부사의 오버피드 및 피드되는 사에 따라 각각 8종, 7종의 Fancy사를 제조하여 섬도(Denier), 강도(Tenacity), 신도(Elongation)를 측정하였다. 또한, 이들 사들로 제직 및 분할가공을 하여 인장강도, 인장신도, 인열강도, 마모강도, 공기투과도 등의 물성과 중량, 두께를 측정하였으며, 온도, NaOH 농도, 시간 등의 분할 가공조건에 따른 직물의 인열강도 변화도 측정하였다. 이렇게 공정별 조건에 따른 물성의 변화분석을 통해 추후 N/P의 제품화 전개에 도움이 되고자 하였다.

  • PDF

Effect of Inorganic fillers in Newsprint Papermaking (신문용지 제조에 있어서 무기 충전제들의 영향)

  • Chai, Kyu-Yoon;Lee, Joon-Koo;Kim, Sung-Kwon
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
    • /
    • v.9 no.7
    • /
    • pp.961-967
    • /
    • 1998
  • In order to improve the optical properties and printability of paper, various fillers are used in papermaking. This study was performed to investigate several fillers-precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC), ground calcium carbonate(GCC), and blends(PCC/talc or micro-talc(MVP) and GCC/talc or micro-talc(MVP)-for their effects on various newsprint properties. Results obtained from the study were summarized as follows ; 1) PCC treatment gave about 16.8% higher retention than GCC treatment at the filler level of 5% and the retention of filler in the handsheet increased as average particle size of mixed filler was increasing($PCC{\leq}GCC<MVP<talc$). 2) PCC treatment kept opacity more highly than no filler treatment and opacity decreased as average particle size of mixed filler was increasing. 3) Independent treatment of PCC kept tear strength more effectively than GeC did, and tear strength increased as average particle size of mixed filler was increasing. 4) Independent treatment of pee kept tensile strength more highly than other treatments and Gee treatment kept tensile strength highly than pee treatment under mixed filler treatment. 5) Burst strength under PCC treatments decreased linearly as average particle size of mixed filler was increasing. 6) Compared "With non-filler treatment, filler treatment gave much better printability.

  • PDF

Practical Performances of Methacrylamide-treated Silk Fibers (메타크릴아미드 처리견의 실용적 성능)

  • 신봉섭
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
    • /
    • v.37 no.1
    • /
    • pp.39-45
    • /
    • 1995
  • In this study the effects of methacrylamide-treatment on the physical properties and practical performances of silk were investigated for 38% MAA added silk fibers. The main results obtained were as follows; The values of tenacity, tearing strength, elongation, modulus and toughness decreased by the treatments of MAA on silk fibers. The moisture regain was increased by the MAA treatment, which improved the antistatic performance of silk fabrics. The stiffness values of MAA-treated silk fabrics increased and the performances of crease recovery were improved.

  • PDF

ATH를 첨가한 실리콘 고무의 염무/열 반복열화 특성변화(I)

  • Oh, Tae-Seung;Lee, Chung;Kim, Ki-Yup;Park, Soo-Gil;Ryu, Boo-Hyung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
    • /
    • 2001.11a
    • /
    • pp.141-146
    • /
    • 2001
  • 송전전압의 대용량화에 따라 옥외용 절연재료 특히, 애자는 porcelain에서 소형화가 가능한 고분자 소재로 전환되고 있다. 이러한 고분자 소재는 소형화, 경량화뿐만 아니라 저가, 가공의 용이성, 우수한 절연성능을 가지지만, 옥외용 절연재료인 애자로서 갖춰야 할 내후성, 내산화성 등은 porcelain insulator에 비해 낙후된 상태이다. 하지만 애자 중 실리콘 고무는 비교적 내광성, 내열성, 산화안정성, 내후성 등이 우수한 특성을 나타내나 EPDM(ethylene propylene diene monomer)에 비해 가격이 비싸며 낮은 인열강도를 나타내는 등의 단점을 가지고 있다. 그리고 애자는 염분이나 열 등에 의해서 표면방전과 섬락을 일으켜 절연파괴를 일으키지만, 그것이 계속 반복열화함에 따라서는 기계적 강도가 급격히 저하함으로 적절한 평가가 요구된다.(중략)

  • PDF

Physical Properties of Chitosan Film made from Crab Shell (꽃게 껍질에서 분리제조한 키틴산 필름의 물성에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Jeong-Suk;Han, Jeong-Jun;Lee, Cherl-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.24 no.6
    • /
    • pp.574-580
    • /
    • 1992
  • Chitin was isolated from the residue of enzymatically hydrolyzed crab, Portunus trituberculatus, and further deacetylated by alkaline boiling to make chitosan. The physical properties of chitosan solution and its film forming properties were examined. The functional characteristics of chitosan film were compared to those of cellophane, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) films. The proximate chemical composition of chitin obtained from crab residue was 6.95% nitrogen, 0.3% crude ash and 4.57% moisture and the product yield was 12.8% based on a dry material basis. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was $79{\sim}92%$ and $70{\sim}86%$ as determined by IR spectroscopy, and $70{\sim}86%$ as determined by colloid titration method each respectively. The chitosan at 1% acetic acid solution showed distinct pseudoplastic flow behavior. The flow behavior index and consistency index were 0.8886, 0.2084 $MPa{\cdot}s^n$ for 0.4% solution and 0.8498, 0.6190 $MPa{\cdot}s^n$ for 0.8% solution, respectively. The chitosan film had the highest tensile strength $(888 kg/cm^2)$ and water permeability $(100\;g/m^2{\cdot}24\;hrs)$ among the tested films, but relatively low elongation property (49%). It showed the similar tear strength (90kg/cm) and light permeability (87.7%) to other films tested in spite of the relatively high haze value (12.5%). As the thickness of chitosan film increased from 0.025 to 0.050 mm, the tensile strength of film decreased distictively, and the degree of elongation, tear strength, and water permeability of film also decreased slightly. Whereas the light permeability of film did not change and the haziness of film slightly increased by the increase of film thickness.

  • PDF