• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2009

도막의 밀착성 및 내식성 향상을 위하여 인산염처리가 주로 이용되고 있다. 인산염피막은 결정구조로 되어있어 피막사이에 핀홀이 존재하여 일부 특성을 저하하기도 한다. 인산피막의 특성 향상을 위해 실란화합물에 대한 효과를 조사하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1127-1137
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• 2000

Applications of lanthanum ion and crude rare earth chloride to the phosphate wastewater and fluorine wastewater, respectively, as treatment agents were studied. For the investigation of phosphate removal characteristics according to the amount of lanthanum ion, initial phosphate content was decreased by about 50% when molar ratio of [$La^{3+}$]:[$PO_4{^{3-}}-P$] was 0.25 and nearly all of phosphate was removed when the molar ratio of [$La^{3+}$]:[$PO_4{^{3-}}-P$] to be doubled. The removal of phosphate by $La^{3+}$ appeared to reach equilibrium state rapidly, and it was exothermic reaction since the removed amount of phosphate was diminished somewhat when the reaction temperature was increased. The zeta potential of combined particulate compound of lanthanum ion and phosphate was located for its isoelectric point at pH 5.5 and the turbidity of treated wastewater was found to vary according to the pH in a similar manner as the absolute value of zeta potential of the combined particulate compound did. For the treatment of fluorine wastewater by crude rare earth chloride, the remaining fluorine content after treatment decreased as the dosage of crude rare earth chloride increased. Whereas, the turbidity of treated wastewater and the amount of sludge generated were shown to increase as more crude rare earth chloride was added. The remaining fluorine content and the turbidity of treated wastewater were decreased and the amount of sludge generated was observed to increase according the increase of coagulant dosage under the condition of constant input of crude rare earth chloride.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2017

Antimicrobial activity of 6 phosphate compounds as $H_3PO_3$, $H_3PO_4$, $K_3PO_4$, $K_2HPO_4$, $KH_2PO_4$ and $NH_4H_2PO_4$ against Phytophthora capsici JHAW 1-2 and Colletotrichum acutatum JC24 was investigated in this study. Inhibitory effect on zoospore release, zoosporangia germination and zoospore germination was superior than mycelial growth. Among 6 compounds, $H_3PO_3$ and $H_3PO_4$ showed the best antimicrobial activity against P. capsici JHAW 1-2. Diseases controlling activity of the phosphate compounds tested on seedling and fruit of pepper against Phytophthora blight was also better than those against anthracnose. When $H_3PO_3$ was applied to the pepper seedlings at a concentration of $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, severe phytotoxicity was occurred. However, with applying $10{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of $H_3PO_3$ showed 100% the disease control efficacy. In case of $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ $H_3PO_4$ application showed excellent antimicrobial activity against P. capsici JHAW 1-2, and 56.7% of the disease control efficacy with no phytotoxicity. To investigate the control efficacy against anthracnose, conidia suspension was inoculated with non-wound and wound inoculation method on pepper fruit. Among 6 compounds, only $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of $H_3PO_3$ and $H_3PO_4$ had a activity of more than 70%, but the control activity on other treatments was minimal or unacceptable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.312-313
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• 2015

무전해 도금은 석출응력이 낮고 작업하기가 용이하기 때문에 산업분야에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다. 무전해 도금 공정에 있어서, 니켈금속은 차아인산염, 아미노보레인 혹은 수소화붕소 화합물($HBF_4$)에 의한 니켈이온의 화학적 환원에 의해 도금된다. 환원반응이 진행함에 따라서 도금액 중에서 니켈과 차아인산염 이온은 감소한다. 이에 이러한 이온을 보충하기 위하여 도금액 중에 황산니켈과 차아인산나트륨이 일반적으로 첨가된다. 하지만 축적된 인산염, 황산염, 나트륨과 이외의 물질이 전착 박막의 품질을 떨어뜨리고 도금액은 폐기되기도 한다. 니켈회수 속도는 종래의 50% 이하였던 것이 90%이상으로 향상되었다. 이온교환법은 니켈도금 폐액으로부터 니켈회수에 필요한 친환경적이고 원가절감의 기술이라고 사료된다. 특히, 갈탄이 저렴하고 양이온 교환성능이 뛰어나다. 이유는 -COOH, -OH 등의 기능성 그룹을 갖기 때문이다. Fe-P 화합물은 식물에 유용하지 못하고 마그네슘과 칼슘 기반의 석출물은 저렴하고 취급이 용이하며 비료와 같이 재활용이 가능하기 때문에 일반적인 인의 제거 수단이 될 수 있다. 본고에서는 니켈도금 폐액으로부터 인을 제거하는 데 $Ca(OH)_2$, $CaCl_2$와 $CaCO_3$를 채택하여 인이 제거되는 정도를 비교하였고 니켈회수율을 높이기 위하여 갈탄을 사용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2018

양파는 백합과에 속하는 여러해살이풀로 서남아시아의 페르시아가 원산인데 세계 각국의 온대지방에서 많이 재배하고 있다. 양파의 생약명은 옥총(玉憁)으로 피 속의 콜레스테롤을 떨어뜨리고 심장혈관의 혈류량을 증가시켜 성인병 예방에 좋다. 철원지역은 내륙지방이면서도 고도가 높아 기온차가 큰 대륙성 기후의 성격이 강하기 때문에 이 지역에서 재배한 양파는 남부지방에서 재배된 양파보다 당도가 높고 맛도 좋다고 알려져 있다. 인산질 성분은 특히 근의 발육을 촉진시키는 중요한 성분이다. 하지만 토양부의 인산성분이 수확 시까지 다량 지속되면 양분의 경합으로 뿌리부의 부패를 초래하기 쉽다. 따라서 수확기에 환원형 인산질을 중심으로 엽면시비 방법으로 영양균형을 유도하여 양파의 품질과 저장성을 향상시키는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 아인산(H3PO3)과 수산화칼륨(KOH)을 희석하여 산도조절 후, 아인산염으로 철원양파에 엽면 처리한 후 성분을 비교분석하였다. 본 연구에서 아인산염의 농도를 500, 1000, 1500배 희석하여 철원양파에 2018년 5월에 분무기를 이용하여 3회 엽면살포 한 후 6월 말경 수확한 후 HPLC를 이용하여 페놀화합물을 분석하였다. 그 결과 양파에서 중요한 물질 중의 하나인 큐에르세틴(quercetin)함량은 대조구(96.39 ug/g)에 비해 500배(179.70 ug/g), 1000배(150.27 ug/g), 1500배(105.95 ug/g) 처리구에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 또한 caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, kaempferol, 당도 함량은 처리구에서 대조구보다 높은 함량을 보였다. 따라서 아인산염 처리는 철원양파에서 페놀화합물의 함량을 높이는데 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 아인산염과 같은 환원형 엽면시비법을 이용하여 재배한다면 고품질의 기능성 양파를 생산할 수 있을 것이라 생각한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.603-610
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• 2017

Steel used for various industrial fields including ammunition is vulnerable to corrosion so surface treatments are required such as plating, painting and chemical conversion coating. Zinc phosphate, used for ammunition manufacturing, is used to stick the stable compound on the surface by chemical conversion of metal. The quality of phosphate coating depends on many factors such as total acidity and iron content. In this study, we studied the influence of total acidity and iron content on coating weight and corrosion resistance of phosphate coating. The surface structure of the coating becomes dense and corrosion resistance is improved with increasing iron content. However, total acidity influences only the thickness and phosphate coating weight. In conclusion, this study suggests the optimal range of total acidity and iron content to manufacture the ammunition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.453-457
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• 2006

A long-term leaching column experiment was performed to evaluate the teachability of the stabilized lead-contaminated soil using soluble phosphate. The study shows that Pb in the leachate was little detected and the remaining $PO_4-P$ concentration kept below 0.1 mg/L due to the formation of geochemically stable lead phosphate minerals from the reactions of labile soil Pb forms with the added soluble phosphate salt. After the experiment, there was no Pb migration from the top to the bottom of the stabilized soil column. But the Pb concentrations of the 12 soil samples from the control column decreased with the increase of the soil depth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.448-452
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the long-term teachability of the stabilized hexavalent chromium contaminated soils treated with chromium reducing agent and soluble phosphate. The study shows that $Cr^{6+}$ in the leachate was little detected and the remaining $PO_4-P$ concentration kept below 0.1 mg/L due to the formation of geochemically stable hexavalent chromium phosphate minerals from the reactions of labile soil $Cr^{6+}$ forms with the added soluble phosphate salt and chromium reducing agent. The results provide evidence for the potential use of the immobilization technique for the hexavalent chromium contaminated soil remediation in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.234-246
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• 2013

It was found that test piece heated rapidly by 3 kW microwave for 5 minutes satisfies the targeted temperature and the percentage of moisture content, and the highest rate of weight increase is obtained in case of 120 minute immersion in the mixture of phosphates and heterocyclic compounds, from the result of such analysis as: kiln drying schedule, flame retardent by flammability test, insect resistance by termites, and permeability of combined penetrant for the wood after assigning multifunctional finish by immersing conifer structural frame, which is used for the frame work of wooden house and indoor/outdoor finishing in flame retardant and insect repellent materials mixture with the remaining heat of microwave. In addition, after a test of flame retardent treated item, it was identified that every mixture of phosphates corresponds with the standards of flame retardent, and upon investigation of moritality of 7 days after putting termites, it was showed that test piece immersed in the mixture of phosphates and heterocyclic compounds has the best characteristics, showing over 96% of high moritality. From the analysis of inward permeability of combined penetrant for the wood, it was decided that excellent performance in the flame retardent and insect resistance of the wood revealed due to full penetration of combined penetrant as it was found that combined penetrant penetrated through the whole inner cells of the wood.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 1995

The monolayer characteristics of phosphate amphiphiles with azobenzene at air/water interface were studied by the measurment of $\pi-A$ curves and absorption spectra. Immediately after being spread on the water surface, these amphiphiles having strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions showed the typical absorption spectra which resulted from domain formation. But the aggregated domains could be controlled by changing the subphase conditions (adding bulky salt and rasing pH). Addition of metal ions in subphase changes the molecular orientation of monolayer. As the metal ion charge increases ($1\leq2$ < 3 < 4 valence), the absorption maximum (310nm) of the amphiphile with azobenzene shifts to a longer wavelength (350nm) which means that the orientation of the amphiphile is tilted. These results suggest that the molecular orientation, and furthermore the aggregation state of monolayer can be possibly controlled by the interaction of metal ions with different charge types.