• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.425-435
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different ratios of rice straw to swine manure as an earthworm feed on the change of physico-chemical characteristics and earthworm viability during composting, and further to provide the basic information for an efficient vermicomposting using the manure of livestock. Experimental earthworm used in this study was Eisenia foetida and the ratio of swine manure and rice straw was determined to 100:0(SM), 90:10(SRS 10), 80:20(SRS20), 70:30(SRS30) and 60:40(SRS40) on the basis of volume. The results are summarized as follows. Earthworm appeared after 8 week of aging period, and it was possible for the earthworm to survive in all the treatments. C/N ratio was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the treatments of rice straw mixture (SRS30 and SRS40) than swine manure alone (SM treatment). Appropriate C/N ratio for earthworm survival was the range of 10.43 to 11.16. During the period of aging, pH value and electrolytic conductivity (EC) were the highest in the treatment of swine manure alone. However, as the inclusion of rice straw was increased, pH value and EC showed a decreasing tendency. Appropriate pH value and EC for earthworm survival were 7.7 to 7.8, and 2.72 to 4.59mS/cm, respectively. The results from this study indicated that mixing swine manure with rice straw more improved more physico-chemical environment for earthworm growth in comparison with swine manure alone, and rice straw showed the sufficient possibility as a bulking agent for an efficient vermicomposting of swine manure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.264-269
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• 2022

The present study investigated effects of microbial additives on the floor of Hanwoo steer manure in barn. The treatment following: without additives (CON); additives (AMA). Each treatment used 3 barns as replication and each barn contained 5 Hanwoos. The Hanwoo steer manure in barns was sub-sampled from 5 sides of pen at 0, 4 and 12 weeks. The sub-samples were used for analyses of chemical compositions, microbial counts, gas emissions and compost maturity. The concentrations of moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N ratio) of Hanwoo steer manure before the microbial additives were each 59.1%, 83.2%, 1.78% and 50.0%, respectively. The counts of lactic acid bacteria, Yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were each 5.94, 6.83, 7,28 and 5.52 cfu/g, but Salmonella was not detected. The ammonia-N gas was 4.67 ppm, but hydrogen sulfide gas was not detected. After 4 weeks, moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen, pH and yeast count were lowest (p<0.05). The lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and ammonia-N gas were not effects of microbial additives. All treatments was not detected at Salmonella count and hydrogen sulfide emission, and compost maturity was completed. After 12 weeks, the lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis were highest in AMA, while moisture, yeast and E. coli were lowest (p<0.05). The ammonia-N gas was not effect by microbial additive. Salmonella and hydrogen sulfide emission were not detected in all treatments, and compost maturity was completed. Therefore, in present study, the microbial additive did not affect of gas and compost maturity, but the pathogenic microorganism such as E. coli, were inhibited by microbial additives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.182-185
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• 2005

본 연구는 식염첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 로인 햄의 품질특성을 평가하고, 제조 가능한 최저식염첨가수준을 결정하고자 실시하였다. 식염첨가량을 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%로 달리하여 염지액을 다침주사로 주입한 로인 햄의 이화학적 및 조직학적 및 관능적 성상을 평가하였고, 고염처리구와 비교하였다. 제조한 로인 햄의 pH, 그리고 수분, 지방, 단백질 함량은 각각 5,8${\sim}$5.9, 66${\sim}$70%, 1${\sim}$l.3%, 21${\sim}$26%였다. 수분함량은 식염 무첨가구가 첨가구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났고, 반면에 단백질함량은 식염 무첨가구가 첨가구에 비하여 유의적인 차이를 보이며 높게 나타났다. 색도는 명도에서만 고염 처리구 중 1.5%가 저염 처리구 0.5%이하와 차이를 보였다. 보수력은 식염첨가량에 따른 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았고, 반면에 가열감량은 식염 무첨가구가 0.5%이상의 식염 첨가구에 비해 유의적인 차이를 보이며 높게 나타났다. 조직학적 특성을 평가하기 위해 실시한 allo-kramer 전단력 측정 결과, 식염 무첨가처리구는 0.5${\sim}$1% 식염첨가구에 비하여 높게 나타났으나, 1.5${\sim}$2% 첨가처리구와는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 관능검사 곁과에서 식염 무첨가구는 평가항목 전반에 걸쳐서 좋지 않은 것으로 평가되었으며, 특히 다즙성, 색도, 염도 및 총체적인 항목에서 매우 낮게 평가되어 제품으로서 가치를 상실하였다. 반면에 0.5% 이상의 식염 첨가구는 식염첨가량에 관계없이 유사한 관능적 특성을 보였으며, 2.0%의 고염 처리구는 오히려 염도에서 다른 평가항목보다 낮게 평가되었고, 1.0% 식염 첨가구는 오히려 조직감과 염도에서 매우 좋게 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 제조 가능한 식염첨가최저수준은 0.5%이상임을 보여주었다. 따라서 로인 햄의 제조에 필요로 되는 식염의 첨가량은 0.5${\sim}$1.5% 범위로 평가된다. 차후의 연구로는 저염 로인 햄의 경우 품질의 저하를 보완할 수 있는 기능성 첨가물이나 가공기법이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.423-431
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• 2010

This work was carried out to investigate on the retail cut yield and the meat quality of crossbred ducks. A total of 360 pullets that were produced from 4 mating methods used in this work. Four mating method were A) native ducks (female) $\times$ native ducks (male), B) meat-type ducks (female) $\times$ native ducks (male), C) native ducks (female) $\times$ meat-type ducks (male), and D) meat-type ducks (female) $\times$ meat-type ducks (male). Ducks were bred at the flat house, and selected nine ducks with similar weights from each treatment at the certain weeks (A, B, C 8 weeks; D 6 weeks). Selected ducks were slaughtered, calculated the retail cut yield(wing, back, neck, breast, leg), analyzed the physico-chemical compositions, and tested the sensory evaluation. Wing and neck meat ratios of D treatment were lowest (P<0.05), and breast meat ratio of B treatment was high (P<0.05) compared to other treatments. pH of duck meat was no difference among treatments, fat and protein contents of B treatment was highest, and collagen contents of D treatment was highest among all treatments. Meat color and physical compositions was no difference among treatments. Juiciness of D treatment meats was highest, and there was no difference between B and D treatments. Finally, mating method of native duck and meat-type duck affected on the retail cut yield, but did not improve on the physico-chemical compositions and sensory evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.449-455
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• 1993

Vibrio vulnificus is a recentry recognized halophilic organism that may cause human infections. Patients infected with Vibrio vulnificus often have a history of exposure to the sea, suggesting that the organism may be common inhabitant of marine environment. In this studies 314 samples were collected from 9 sites of Chonnam coastal area, from April to Jun, 1993. Isolation rates of V. vulnificus were 7.1% in total samples, 33.3% in sea water, 55.5% in sediment, 1.7% in fish and shellfish, 6.3% in kitchen environment. In each areas of Chunnam V. vunificus were isolated from 3.6% to 11.4%. The isolation rates of V. vulnificus was correlated positively with organic matter and COD in sea warer and sediment. In sea water, Microorganism population were $4.5{\times}10^3{\sim}3.5{\times}10^5\;CFU/ml$, Vibrio strains were $1.8{\times}10^l4.6{\times}10^3\;CFU/ml$, Coliform bacteria were $1.9{\times}10^1{\times}3.7{\times}10^2\;CFU/100ml$. In sediment, Microorganism population were $4.8{\times}10^3{\sim}5.2{\times}10^5\;CFU/ml$. Vibrio strains were $1.9{\times}10^2{\sim}8.4{\times}10^4\;CFU/ml$, Coliform bacteria were $7.2{\times}10^1{\sim}9.9{\times}10^2\;CFU/100ml$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.179-182
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• 2004

Bioassay-directed fractionation of the dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza led to the isolation of abietane tanshinones, cryptotanshinone and dibydrotanshinone I. Their structures were elucidated using $^1H-\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$, UV, IR and mass spectral analyses. These compounds exhibited a moderate antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus epidemidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus pyogene.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 1993

This study aims to seek ways to improve frying stability of soybean oil which is widely used for deep frying while at the same time attempting to develop new frying oil and fat of high quality. Taking soybean oil as a control group, the study fried frozen potatoes with hydrogenated soybean oil with iodine value ranging from 60 to 110 for 15 hours. The test results showed that in frying stability, hydrogenated soybean oil with iodine value of 87 and 63 was superior to normal soybean oil and hydrogenated soybean oil with iodine value of 111(P<0.05). In sensory evaluation, however, no significant difference can be detected among groups(P>0.05). The correlation between physicoche-mical properties and sensory evaluation results was highest for smoke point and viscosity. This study concludes, therefore, that hydrogenated soybean oil with iodine value of 60~90 is better than normal soybean oil as deep-frying oil.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-22
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• 1972

우리 나라 한방요법(漢方療法)에서 고혈압치료(高血壓治療)에 널리 쓰이고 있는 희염은 털진득찰 Siegesbeckia pubescens의 전초(全草)로서 그 유효성분(有成分)으로서는 이미 물질(物質) $A\;C_{20}H_{34}O_4\;mp\;192{\sim}193^{\circ}\;[{\alpha}]^{20}_D\;-22\;(in\;dioxane),\;B\;C_{20}H_{32}O_4\;260.2^{\circ}[{\alpha}]^{20}_D\;-88\;(in{\;}pyridine)$의 화학구조(化學構造) 및 생리작용(生理作用)을 밝힌 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 또하나의 새로운 배당체(配糖體) $compound(I)\;C_{26}H_{44}O_8\;mp\;225{\sim}6^{\circ}[{\alpha}]^{20}_D\;-40$을 얻어 그의 이화학적(理化學的) 성상(性狀) 및 유도체(誘導體)의 합성(合成)으로서 화학구조(化學構造)를 구명(究明)하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.168-168
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• 1996

가는잎쇄기풀(Urtica angustifolia Fisch.)은 쇄기풀과(Urticaceae)에 속하는 다년생 초본으로 중약 또는 민간에서 동속 근연식물과 함께 전초를 담마라하여 류마치스성 동통, 산후의 산풍, 소아의 추풍, 경풍,담마진의 치료에 사용되고 있다. Rat에서 실험적 항당뇨 효과를 검토해본 결과 혈당강하 작용이 있는 본 식물로부터 그 혈당강하 성분의 분리에 앞서 식물화학 성분을 규명하고자 본 실험에 착수하였다. 가는잎쇄기풀 전초의 MeOH ex.를 CH$_2$Cl$_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOT 및 $H_2O$로 분획하고 각종 column chromatography를 통하여 다수의 화합물을 분리하였다. 각 화합물은 이화학적 성상 및 spectral data로부터 scopoletin, esculetin dimethyl ether(scoparone), sterol mixture, $\beta$-sitosteryl-3-o-glucoside, kaempferol-3-o-glucoside, quercetin-3-o-glucoside, kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside로 확인하였으며 그 외 다수의 화합물은 그 구조를 규명중이다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.243-253
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• 1989

Anatomical and physico-chemical properties of some nutrient and tonic crude drugs have been estimated and compared. Resin duct and druse crystal were observed more in Acanthopanax Cortex than in Ginseng Radix. Bast fiber bundle and solitary crystals were abandantly present in Glycyrrhizae Radix. Mucilage crude drugs contained mucilage ducts and bundles of raphides as common components and their arrangements of vascular bundles were different. TLC analysis showed different patterns of saponin, flavonoid, ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid and sitosterols.