• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.270-278
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is to understand the clinical characteristics and course of inpatient severe ADHD. Methods : This study retrospectively investigated the chief complaints, history, demographics, neuropsychologic test, psychosocial status of 63 (male 58, female 5) inpatients from a single center with severe attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) during January 1, 1996 to October 31, 2002. Results : The patients with inpatient severe ADHD revealed a male to female ratio of 11.6 : 1 and the average age of onset was 5.3 years(63.6 months, SD 24.3 months) . Comorbidities were noted in 56/63 $(88.9\%)$ patients with the following frequencies : comorbid conduct disorder, 35$(55.6\%)$, mental retardation (MR), 24$(38.1\%)$, mood disorder, 5$(7.9\%)$, tic and Tourette's disorder, 4$(6.4\%)$, oppositional defiant disorder, 4$(5.0\%)$. Chief complaints for admission related to ADHD in 23$(36.5\%)$ patients while 37$(58.7\%)$ patients admitted due to symptoms associated to conduct disorder (CD). The mean onset age of comorbid delinquency was 9.0 years (108.2 months, SD28.8 months), and the average interval between onsets of ADHD and delinquency was 3.6 years (42.9 months, SD32.0 months). Patients who showed early delinquency tended to have an earlier onset of ADHD (p<0.05). Conclusion : The demographics, natural course, and psychosocial factors of hospitalized ADHD patients were similar to prior studies of ADHD in the general population. The onset of age was 5.3 years, and the onset of comorbid delinquency was 9.0 years. The earlier symptoms of ADHD manifested, the earlier delinquency appeared. Most patients were admitted due to chief complaints related to CD. Comorbidities, most of which were CD, were seen in $88.9\%$ of the patients.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2013

Mouth opening limitation is generally caused by masticatory muscle or temporomandibular joint pain, disc dislocation without reduction, adhesion or ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint, and muscle contracture. But otorhinolaryngologic disease, neurologic and vascular disease, tumor, inflammation and infection may cause pain and mouth opening limitation which mimics temporomandibular disorders. Re-evaluation for possibilities of inflammation, infection and tumor should be in cases that do not show symptom improvement or appear with continuous aggravation despite of proper treatment. In this case, we report of medial pterygoid muscle pain and mouth opening limitation caused by periapical abscess of third molar spread to the pterygomandibular space.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.471-482
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• 2021

We aimed to provide evidences for developing non-pharmacological intervention in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) by integrated literature review. The final 16 papers were selected as a result of an integrated literature analysis. All of them are focused on strengthening cognitive activities, while Korean studies have often merged emotional activities such as music therapy and laughter therapy rather than physical activities such as exercise therapy, international studies have combined physical activities rather than emotional activities. The effects of non-pharmacological intervention differed according to the outcome variables. The primary variables were cognitive function and depression, and secondary variables were found to have effects on physical function, activities of daily living (ADL), and self-efficacy. This study contributes to a multidisciplinary approach that can be applied in the clinical field through the development of various non-pharmaceutical intervention for the prevention of dementia in the older adults with MCI.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 1996

30 DSM-III or DSM-III-R tic patients were assessed by hospital records and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale to study the common characteristics, clinical course and longterm outcome of tic disorders after 3.1-18.1 years, 73.3% of the patients(treated or untreated) have recovered or partially improved. Identifical precipitating factors were found in 9 patients. Associated disorders were ADHD, sleep disorder, and so on. The outcome according to age of onset, duration of follow-up and diagnoses have no statistically significance. Increased age at follow up was influenced improvement of tic symptoms, though statistically not significant(p=0.327). These results suggest that the outcome of tic disorder is not ominous and they are relatively good social adjustment inspite of carrying the tic symptoms. But this study has some limitations such as retrospective study and sample size. Studies designed prospectively with large sample would be needed to generalize theses results.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

Objective : The study was to investigate the neurophysiological approach to the effect of complex exercise on memory, one of brain functions, and the degree of sleep disorder using experimental animals with sleep disorders. Methods : This study carried out a complex exercise that designed in an animal laboratory for 4 days to 16 sleep - disordered model rats. After the exercise, brain function was confirmed with the changes of BDNF in the hippocampus and the change of sleep level was confirmed with the concentration of melatonin in the blood. Results : First, the effect of the complex exercise program on brain function was significantly increased in the experimental group(p<0.01). Second, the effect of complex exercise program on sleep disturbance was significantly increased in the experimental group and control group(p<0.01)(p<0.05). Conclusion : The rate of increase of the elderly in the community is rapidly increasing, and the sleep disorder of the elderly can affect the quality of life of these elderly people. Secondary memory impairment due to sleep disturbances can also be a problem. Although there are many ways to improve sleep disturbance, it has been scientifically proven through experimental animals that sleep and memory can be improved with complex exercise that is not economically, spatially burdensome.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2001

One-pot Mannich reaction of substituted hydroxy aromatic compounds with secondary amines in an aprotic solvent has been studied. The results demonstrate that the relative reactivity and regioselectivity of the Mannich reaction depend on the steric hindrance of amines as well as the nucleophilicity of hydroxy aromatic rings.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2012

A 6-month-old boy with vesicoureteral reflux exhibited features of transient type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) in the course of urinary tract infection. PHA presents hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis, accompanying with high urinary sodium, low potassium excretion, and high plasma aldosterone concentration. Severe electrolyte disturbance can occur in an infant with vesicoureteral reflux because of secondary PHA. Appropriate treatment of dehydration and sodium supplementation induces rapid improvement of electrolyte imbalance and metabolic acidosis resulting from secondary PHA associated with vesicoureteral reflux.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.4 s.31
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

도금일(到今日), 동양의학재한중일삼국수저자기적특색이연구발전이래(東洋醫學在韓中日三國隨著自己的特色而硏究發展而來). 이차저한중일삼국위료동양의학적세계화(而且這韓中日三國爲了東洋醫學的世界化), 과학화부단지재진행협조화노력(科學化不斷地在進行協助和努力). 유우동양의학이경주상료세계화(由于東洋醫學已經走上了世界化), 저삼국재소용적의학술어화기유적나사문헌자료적교류수요취월래월고료(這三國在所用的醫學述語和旣有的那些文獻資料的交流需要就越來越高了). 가시재문헌교류화의학용어적표준화과정중발현료일개흔대적장애, 저개장애취시(這個障碍就是)unicode. 당연(當然)unicode시위료재국가지간사적저사정보령활교류이제정작성적(是爲了在國家之間使的這些情報靈活交流而制定作成的). 가시(可是)unicode제정지전(制定之前), 각국이경위료각각적수구이연발료적합자기적한자계통(各國已經爲了各各的需求而硏發了適合自己的漢子系統). 현재적(現在的)unicode취시용나사기유적한자(就是用那些旣有的漢子)code제정적(制定的). 유우(由于)unicode피저양제정종이산생불소계통상적모순문제(被這樣制定終而産生不少系統上的矛盾問題). 저사문제불근영향도료계통지외(這些問題不僅影響到了系統之外), 이차우조애료한의학정보적령활교류(而且又阻碍了韓醫學情報的靈活交流). 위료해결저사문제(爲了解決這些問題). 본인이상한론위연구대상래비교료일하한국화중국적한자(本人以傷寒論爲硏究對象來比較了一下韓國和中國的漢子)code차이(差異).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.197-211
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• 2023

Purpose To evaluate the circuit patency after nitinol bare-metal stent (BMS) placement according to the type of access and location of the stent in dysfunctional hemodialysis access. Materials and Methods Between January 2017 and December 2019, 159 patients (mean age, 64.1 ± 13.2 years) underwent nitinol BMS placement for dysfunctional access. The location of stents was as follows: 18 brachiocephalic vein, 51 cephalic arch, 40 upper arm vein, 10 juxta-anastomotic vein, 7 arteriovenous (AV) anastomosis, and 33 graft-vein (GV) anastomosis. Circuit patency was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and cox regression model. Results A total of 159 stents were successfully deployed in 103 AV fistula (AVF) and 56 AV graft (AVG). AVG showed lower primary and secondary patency at 12-months compared with AVF (primary patency; 25.0% vs. 44.7%; p = 0.005, secondary patency; 76.8% vs. 92.2%; p = 0.014). Cox regression model demonstrated poorer primary patency at 12 months after stenting in the cephalic arch and GV anastomosis compared with the other sites. Conclusion AVF showed better primary and secondary circuit patency at 12 months following the placement of BMS compared with AVG. Stents in the cephalic arch and GV anastomosis were associated with poorer primary patency at 12 months compared to those in other locations.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1992

The pathophysiology of developmental language disorder is a highly controversial matter. In order to investigate the neural mechanisms involved in developmental language disorders, the authors studied three dimensional regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) using Tc-99mH-MPAO in 42 children with developmental language disorders. The results are summarized as follows : 1) 61.9% (26/42) of this series revealed decreased perfusion in SPECT. 2) Regions of hypoperfusion were seen in cerebral cortex(47.6%, 20/42), thalamus(33.3%, 14/42), basal ganglia(11.9%, 5/42) and cerebellum(7.1%, 3/42). This study suggests that developmental language disorder could be due to specific functional impairment of the local brain regions which could not detected by conventional investigations such as brain CT or EEG.