• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2000

In this study, by-products of rice bran, rice hull, bean curd dregs and food waste were fermented with different ratios of 26, 26, 34 and 14% respectively and the experimental diets were prepared mixing it with various ratios of commercial diets (fermented feed commercial feed : A 80 : 20, B 70 : 30, C 60 : 40, D 50:50). In Experiment I, feed intake, nutrients digestibilities and nitrogen retention were investigated and body weight gain in Experiment 1. For chemical composition of experimental diets, crude protein contents were 13.73, 13.78, 14.45 and 15.14% in A, B, C and D respectively and the contents of crude fat and crude fiber were highest in A as 8.66 and 27.82% respectively. 2. Dry hurler intakes were significantly higher (P<0.05) in A(362.06g/d) and C(358.49g/d) than B and D. Intakes of crude protein and crude fat were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments however those of crude fiber and crude ash were significantly higher (P>0.05) in A(101.47g/d). 3. Dry matter digestibilities in the range of 53.38∼68.81% in all treatments have shown the highest value in C of 60% fermented feed plus 40% commercial diet but the lowest in A of 80% of fermented feed plus 20% commercial diet (P<0.05). 59.85% of digestibility of crude protein in A was also lowest among all treatments (p<0.05), 4. 8.47g/d of nitrogen intake in C was recorded highest (P<0.05) however the highest nitrogen retention was marked in B of 50% fermented feed plus 50% of commercial diet due mainly to lower excretion of nitrogen through feces. 5. The data of live weight gain in Experiment II has not been shown as a result since the proper daily gain of body weight was achieved only in D as 88.89g/d and the goats in other treatments have shown frequent diarrhea. However, neglecting the animals with diarrhea, higher amounts of concentrates in the diets (C and D) showed the tendency of higher weight gain. 6. In this study, feeding 60% fermented feed manufactured with domestic agricultural by-products of rice bran, rice hull, bean curd dregs and food waste to Korean native goats have shown satisfactory results of intake and digestibility and it indicates that utilization of domestic agricultural by-products in goats could be improved by the process of fermentation. However it's effects on body weight gain and nitrogen retention were below than expected. Different sources of feedstuff for fermentation may result in different performances of animals. However, to draw overall conclusion from this study, 50∼60% of fermented feed can be recommended in the case of mixing with concentrates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.268-281
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• 2004

A study was carried out in order to estimate the deformation of the pound net according to the current by the model test in the circulating water channel. The tension of the frame rope and the variation of net shape were measured to investigate the deforming of the model pound net in the flow. The results are obtained as follows; 1. The experimental equation between tensions (R) of the frame rope and velocity (ν)was found to be R=$19.58v^{1.98}$($r^2$=0.98) in case of the upperward flow with fish court net and R=$26.90v^{1.72}$($r^2$=0.95)at the upperward flow with bag net according to the velocity from 0.0m/s to 0.6m/s, respectively. 2. As the variation of flow speed inside of the model net was gradually decreased according as which is passed through netting panels, in case of the upperward flow with fish court net, the flow speed was about 70% of initial flow speed at 0.1m/s, 60% at 0.2m/s, 50% at 0.3m/s and 40% 0.4~0.6m/s at the measurement point(h) inside of the first bag net, respectively. In case of the upperward flow with bag net, as the flow speed was steeply decreased according as which if passed through the second bag net, it was 30~60% of the initial flow speed and was 20~30% inside of the first bag net and was about 10~20% inside of the inclined passage net. 3. In case of the upperward flow with fish court net, the variation of deformed angle of fish court net was from 0$^{\circ}$ to 70$^{\circ}$and that of inclined passage net was from 0$^{\circ}$ to 63$^{\circ}$and that of the second bag net was from 0$^{\circ}$ to 47$^{\circ}$ . 4. In case of the upperward flow with fish court net, the variation of deformed angle of the second bag net was changed from 0$^{\circ}$ to 70$^{\circ}$and that of the inclined passage net was from 0$^{\circ}$ to 55$^{\circ}$ and that of the fish court net was from 0$^{\circ}$ to 50$^{\circ}$. The depth ratio of the first bag net was changed from 0% to 35% and that of the second bag net was from 0% to 20% and that of the inclined passage net was from 0% to 35%. In the flow speed 0.5m/s, the inclined passage net was raised up to the entry of the bag net and then prevented it more over 90%. 5. To be increased the opening volume of pound net, it needs to attach the added weight outside of the fish court net, inclined passage net and bag net. At the same time, it needs to adjust the tension of the twine for maintenance of the shape.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2021

This study attempted to find a way to maintain the quality of mixing baby wild leaf vegetables with existing baby leaf vegetables in various ratios. The crops for mixing baby leaf vegetables were Peucedanum japoincum Thunberg and Ligularia stenocephala, as wild vegetables, and red romaine, which is widely used in young leafy vegetables. The mixing ratio of red romaine and wild vegetables was red romaine 0: mantilla oil 5: L. stenocephala ratio 5 (R0: P5: L5), red romaine 3.3: P. japoincum 3.3: L. stenocephala ratio 3.3 (R3.3: P3.3: L3.3), red romaine 5: P. japoincum 2.5: L. stenocephala 2.5 (R5: P2.5: L2.5), red romaine 8: P. japoincum 1: L. stenocephala 1 (R8: P1: L1), red romaine 10: P. japoincum 0: L. stenocephala 0 (R10: P0: L0). All treatments were packaged in OTR (oxygen transmittance) 10,000 cc m-2·day-1·atm-1 film and stored for 27 days at 2℃/85% RH conditions. Fresh weight, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene concentrations of the baby leaf packages were examined approximately every 3 days, and visual quality, chlorophyll content, and chromaticity were examined on the 27th day of storage. The oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in the packages were affected by the respiration rate of the crop. As the mixing ratio of lettuce, which had a low respiration rate, increased, the oxygen concentration in the packages was higher and the carbon dioxide concentration was lower. Oxygen concentration decreased significantly after 15 days, but was remained above 16%, and on the contrary, carbon dioxide concentration was kept at 1-4% until the 15th, and then gradually increased to 2-5% on the 27th day. The concentration of ethylene was maintained at 3-6 µL·L-1 until the end of storage (27th day). Visual quality score measured at the end of storage was slightly less than 3.0, which is the limit of marketability of all treatments. Although there was no significant difference, the chlorophyll content (SPAD) of red romaine and P. japoincum were most similar with an initial value in R8:P1:1 treatment, and L. stenocephala was higher value in R8:P1:L1 and R5:P2.5:L2.5 treatments at the end of storage. The leaf color (L∗, a∗, b∗, chroma) of the three crops at end of storage compared with the heat map showed the least change in the R5:P2.5:L2.5 and R8:P1:L1 treatments at the end of storage. Among them, R8:P1:L1 treatment maintained the highest chlorophyll content, the second lowest ethylene concentration, and adequate carbon dioxide concentration of 2-3%. Therefore, it is judged that the mixed ratio of red romaine 8: P. japoincum 1: L. stenocephala 1 (R8: P1: L1) is most suitable for the mixed package of baby leaf vegetables of these three crops.