• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.374-385
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• 2008

Speech act tagging is an important step in various dialogue applications, which recognizes speaker's intentions expressed in natural language utterances. Previous approaches such as rule-based and statistics-based methods utilize the speech acts of previous utterances and sentence features of the current utterance. This paper proposes a method that determines speech acts of the current utterance using the speech acts of the following utterances as well as previous ones. Using the features of following utterances yields the accuracy 95.27%, improving previous methods by 3.65%. Moreover, sentence features of the previous utterances are employed to maximally utilize the information available to the current utterance. By applying the proper probability model for each speech act, final accuracy of 97.97% is achieved.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two domperidone preparations. Bioequivalence assessment was conducted on 34 healthy volunteers who received two tablets (Domperidone Maleate, 12.72 mg/tablet) in the fasting state, in a randomized balanced $2{\times}2$ cross-over study design. This whole study was performed according to the implementation guidelines of the Korea Food Drug Administration. After dosing of two tablets, blood samples were collected serially for a period of 36 hours. Plasma was analyzed for domperidone by using LC/MS/MS assay method. The analysis system was validated in specificity, accuracy, precision, and linearity. $AUC_t$, (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from the zero-time to 36 hr) was calculated through the trapezoidal rule. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma domperidone concentration-time data of each volunteer. No significant sequence effect was found for the bioavailability parameters indicating that the cross-over design was properly performed. The 90%-Confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ were from log 0.8007 to log 1.1240 and log 0.8645- log 1.2483, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals between 0.80 and 1.25. Therefore, this study demonstrated that two formulations have bioequivalence with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 2003

As XML documents become popular in the World Wide Web, a lot of research is being done on XML storage systems that store and manage XML documents using existing DBMSS. However, most of them have been done in the context of relational DBMSS rather than object-relational DBMSS, which have more powerful modeling capability than relational ones. In this paper, we design and implement an XML storage system, ODYSSEUS/XMLStore, for the ODYSSEUS object-relational DBMS that has been under development at KAIST. First, we analyze the mapping from the structure of XML documents to the relational or object-relational database schema. Second, we propose a method for describing the mapping analyzed using a standard language, XML Schema. Third, we propose a storage structure for storing the mapping information specified by the users in the database. Fourth, we propose detailed algorithms for storing XML documents in the relational or object-relational database based on the mapping information provided by the users.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.389-402
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• 2014

In this paper, the load test of full-scale precast concrete arch bridges considering reinforced joint and backfill was conducted. It is an improved method that the reinforced joint enhanced the structural performance of conventional masonry arch system which was proposed by previous researchers. The models of full-scale test are $10m(span){\times}3m$ (rise) and $10m(span){\times}2m$ (rise), which are 2 meters in width. The critical load position was shown at a third-span from the results of the pre-analysis. Based on the this results, the positions of load, measuring items and points were determined in experiments. As a result, the maximum load capacity of the specimen $10m{\times}2m$, a relatively small rise to span ratio (compared to the specimen $10m{\times}3m$), was higher than the specimen $10m{\times}3m$. It was evaluated that all the specimens have sufficient structural performance on the design load.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1284-1290
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• 2001

Objective : PCB cervical instrument is a newly introduced fusion device which comprises cervical plate, cage (spacer) and screw system. It is developed to enhance fusion rate and stability, as well as to reduce complications related to hardware failure. We investigated the efficacy of clinical and radiological results of PCB instrument and Lubboc bone. Methods : From August, 1998 to October, 1999, authors performed 54 cases of anterior cervical interbody fusion with PCB instrument and Lubboc bone. Retrospective analysis was undertaken based on clinical and radiological findings. Clinical improvement was evaluated according to Odom's criteria. Cervical plain films and tomography were taken every 2 months to evaluate the degree of interbody fusion and disc height changes. Results : Bone fusion was observed in 36 cases(90%) over 6 months after operation, and during which time there was no significant interval change. There were 3 cases of hardware dislodgement. Disc height was increased significantly and preserved in all cases. Clinical outcome over good degree was seen more than 94% of patients. Conclusion : Longer follow-up period and comparative studies to similar instrument appear to be necessary, but this instrumentation system has shown high fusion rate and fewer adverse effects in our series. We believe this system might be indicated for the treatment of cervical trauma and degenerative disease in selective cases.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.459-465
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• 2013

This paper is a study on an object extraction method which using color features of an object and background in the image. A human recognizes an object through the color difference of object and background in the image. So we must to emphasize the color's difference that apply to extraction result in this image. Therefore, we have converted to HSV color images which similar to human visual system from original RGB images, and have created two each other images that applied Median Filter and we merged two Median filtered images. And we have applied the Mean Shift algorithm which a data clustering method for clustering color features. Finally, we have normalized 3 image channels to 1 image channel for binarization process. And we have created object map through the binarization which using average value of whole pixels as a threshold. Then, have extracted major object from original image use that object map.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.345-352
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• 2013

In this paper, a depth estimate method is proposed using GPU(Graphics Processing Unit) in monocular image. a monocular image is a 2D image with missing 3D depth information due to the camera projection and we used a monocular cue to recover the lost depth information by the projection present. The proposed algorithm uses an energy function which takes a variety of cues to create a more generalized and reliable depth map. But, a processing time is late because energy function is defined from the various monocular cues. Therefore, we propose a depth estimate method using GPGPU(General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit). The objective effectiveness of the algorithm is shown using PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), a processing time is decrease by 61.22%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2012

반도체 저차원 구조에서의 독특한 광학적, 전기적 특성이 연구됨에 따라 양자점, 양자선, 양자우물과 같은 공간적으로 구속되어 있는 나노구조 형성에 관한 제작 방법과 그 특성 연구가 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 하지만 Si 또는 GaAs 반도체와 달리 광소자로써 각광받고 있는 질화물 반도체의 경우, 높은 화학적, 물리적 안정성으로 인해, 화학적 에칭에 의한 나노구조 형성이 쉽지 않고, 물리적 에칭의 경우, 표면 결함이 많이 발생되는 문제점이 있어 어려움을 겪고 있다. 최근 본 연구그룹에서는 자체 개발한 고온 HCl 가스를 이용한 화학적 기상 에칭법을 이용하여, 다양한 크기, 모양의 나노구조 형성 및 이를 이용한 다양한 타입의 InGaN 나노구조 제작 및 특성에 대해 연구하였다 (Figure 1). 화학적 기상 에칭법을 이용한 나노구조의 경우, 선택적인 결함구조 제거 및 이종기판 사용에 따른 응력 감소, 광추출 효율을 증가시켜, 우수한 구조적, 광학적 특성을 보여주었고, 에칭 조건에 따른, 피라미드, 막대와 같은 다양한 나노구조를 제작하였다. 뿐만 아니라 이를 기반으로 한 다양한 InGaN 나노구조를 모델을 제시하였는데, 첫번째는 GaN 나노막대 기판 위에 형성된 고품위InGaN 양자우물구조 성장이고, 두 번째는 InGaN 양자우물을 포함하고 있는 나노막대 구조 제작, 세번째는 InGaN/GaN core/shell 구조이다 (Figure 2). 이러한 InGaN 나노구조의 경우 높은 광결정성 및 크게 감소한 내부 전기장 효과, 광방출에 유리한 구조에 기인한 우수한 광특성을 보여주고 있어 광소자로써 응용가능성이 크고, InGaN/GaN core/shell 나노구조의 경우, 나노구조 내부에 단일 InGaN양자점이 형성되어 높은 광추출효율의 양자광소자로써 활용가능성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.506-517
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• 2012

Electronic Toll Collection System (ETCS), so called "Hi-Pass" in Korea, has improved traffic flow at toll gate of highways. It is known that the improvement of traffic flow should reduce air pollutants and $CO_2$ from vehicles. In this study, real driving emission of a light duty truck with Portable Emission Measurement System(PEMS) has been measured to evaluate the emission reduction effect due to ETCS. The correlations between driving variables and emissions have been analyzed to verify its effect on traffic flow improvement and emission reduction at toll gate. We considered average vehicle speed, Relative Positive Acceleration (RPA), and the distance of queue as driving variables. Compared to passing Manual Toll Collection System (MTCS) lane without queue, ETCS was able to reduce 38.7% of $NO_x$, 21.6% of soot, and 27.7% of $CO_2$. The results showed that the higher the average vehicle speed, the lower RPA and no queue in ETCS contributed to the emission reductions. Linear equation models with RPA and queue have been established by the multiple linear regression method. The linear models resulted in the higher coefficient of determination than those with only average vehicle speed used for establishing vehicle emission factors.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.57.2-57.2
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• 2010

투명전도 산화막(Transparent conducing oxide: TCO)은 태양 전지, 터치패널, 가스 센서 등 여러 분야에 적용할 수 있는 물질로서 전기 전도성과 광 투과성을 동시에 가진다. 높은 전기 전도성과 광 투과성을 가지는 Sb:$In_2O_3$(ITO)는 투명전도 산화막 재료로써 가장 일반적으로 사용되고 있으나 인듐의 매장량 한계로 인해 가격이 높다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 ITO 대체 TCO 물질인 Al doped ZnO(AZO)를 rf magnetron sputter를 이용하여 최적의 수소 도핑량을 찾아 ITO의 전기적 광학적 성질과 비교하였다. AZO 박막은(ZnO:Al2O3 2wt.%)타겟을 이용하여 heater 온도 250도에서 슬라이드 글래스 및 코닝 글래스에 증착시켰고 비교군인 ITO박막은 (In2O3:$SnO_2$ 10wt.%)타겟을 이용하여 수소 도핑 없이 350도로 증착시켰다. AZO 및 ITO 박막의 전기적 특성은 hall measurement를 이용하여 측정하였고, UV-VIS spectrophotometer로 광학적 특성을 측정하였다. 수소 도핑량이 증가함에 따라 AZO 박막의 캐리어 농도가 증가하여 전기적 특성이 향상되었고, 가시광 영역에서 높은 평균 투과도를 유지 하였다. AZO 박막과 ITO 박막의 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 비교한 결과, 최적 수소 도핑량을 가진 AZO 박막은 ITO 박막에 준하는 특성을 보였다.