• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.441-450
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• 2013

In this study, the general compositions, amino acids, fatty acids and collagen content of three abalones, which were harvested in Wando, Heuksando and Jeju Island in Korea, were analyzed and compared. The abalone body and viscera were separated from each other and the physicochemical properties were investigated. The moisture and protein contents of the viscera were lower than that of the body; while the lipid, carbohydrate, and mineral contents were higher. The general compositions and mineral contents also presented fluctuation among the three abalone groups. The amino acid content via hydrolysis in the abalone viscera ranged from 93.16 to 127.02 mg/g, which was lower than the amino acid content of the abalone body of approximately 145 mg/g. However, the free amino acids level in the abalone viscera ranged from 16.81 to 20.10 mg/g, which was higher than that of the abalone body level of approximately 7.90 to 10.59 mg/g. The fatty acid analysis revealed that while the saturated fatty acid percentages in the abalone body were higher than in the abalone viscera, the percentages of the monoenoic and polyenoic fatty acids of the body were significantly lower. The body of the abalone harvested in Wando contained the highest level of collagen ($2.26{\pm}0.46mg/g$), followed by the abalone harvested in Jeju Island and Heuksando. The abalone viscera contained much lower collagen, which ranged from $0.37{\pm}0.15mg/g$ to $0.20{\pm}0.03mg/g$. The results of this study will provide useful information for the future research of abalone.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1078-1085
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• 2010

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are bioaccumulative chemicals that are considered to be toxic contaminants based on several epidemiological studies. These chemicals in colostrum were investigated and estimated for their residual consistencies by maternal characteristics like parity and maternal ages. Test subjects were healthy primipara and multipara mothers with a mean age of 31.5 (S.D=3.6) in 2007. Seven isomers of PCDDs, 10 of PCDFs, 4 of non-orthopolychlorinated biphenyls(non-ortho PCBs) and 8 of mono-orthochlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (mono-ortho PCBs) were analyzed by HRGC/HRMS. From the analyzed data, the mean level of total WHO-TEQs was 9.41 pg TEQ/g lipid, which is significantly lower than the level found in individuals from other countries. The main contributors to the total WHO-TEQs with increasing percentages were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 3,3',4,4',5-PCB (#126), and they accounted for more than 60% of the total WHO-TEQs. PCDFs concentrations and total WHO-TEQs were negatively associated with parity (p<0.05), and maternal age was positively associated with total WHO-TEQs (p<0.01). However, the associations with body mass index (BMI) and fish intake during pregnancy were not significant. These results were suggested that parity and maternal age are an important factor affecting the concentrations of PCDD/DFs and dl-PCBs in these specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2014

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology is recognizing one of method responding the climate change with reduction of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. In Korea, due to its geological characteristics, sub-seabed geological $CO_2$ storage is regarded as more practical approach than on-land storage under the goal of its deployment. However, concerns on potential $CO_2$ leakage and relevant acidification issue in the marine environment can be an important subject in recently increasing sub-seabed geological $CO_2$ storage sites. In the present study effect data from literatures were collected in order to conduct an effect assessment of elevated $CO_2$ levels in marine environments using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) various marine organisms such as microbe, crustacean, echinoderm, mollusc and fish. Results from literatures using domestic species were compared to those from foreign literatures to evaluate the reliability of the effect levels of each biological group and end-point. Ecological effect guidelines through estimating level of pH variation (${\delta}pH$) to adversely affect 5 and 50% of tested organisms, HC5 and HC50, were determined using SSD of marine organisms exposed to the $CO_2$-induced acidification. Estimated HC5 as ${\delta}pH$ of 0.137 can be used as only interim quality guideline possibly with adequate assessment factor. In the future, the current interim guideline as HC5 of ${\delta}pH$ in this study will look forward to compensate with supplement of ecotoxicological data reflecting various trophic levels and indigenous species.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2010

Offshore subsurface storage of $CO_2$ is regarded as one of the most promising options to response severe climate change. Marine geological storage of $CO_2$ is to capture $CO_2$ from major point sources, to transport to the storage sites and to store $CO_2$ into the offshore subsurface geological structure such as the depleted gas reservoir and deep sea saline aquifer. Since 2005, we have developed relevant technologies for marine geological storage of $CO_2$. Those technologies include possible storage site surveys and basic designs for $CO_2$ transport and storage processes. To design a reliable $CO_2$ marine geological storage system, we devised a hypothetical scenario and used a numerical simulation tool to study its detailed processes. The process of transport $CO_2$ from the onshore capture sites to the offshore storage sites can be simulated with a thermodynamic equation of state. Before going to main calculation of process design, we compared and analyzed the relevant equation of states. To evaluate the predictive accuracies of the examined equation of states, we compare the results of numerical calculations with experimental reference data. Up to now, process design for this $CO_2$ marine geological storage has been carried out mainly on pure $CO_2$. Unfortunately the captured $CO_2$ mixture contains many impurities such as $N_2$, $O_2$, Ar, $H_{2}O$, $SO_{\chi}$, $H_{2}S$. A small amount of impurities can change the thermodynamic properties and then significantly affect the compression, purification and transport processes. This paper analyzes the major design parameters that are useful for constructing onshore and offshore $CO_2$ transport systems. On the basis of a parametric study of the hypothetical scenario, we suggest relevant variation ranges for the design parameters, particularly the flow rate, diameter, temperature, and pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.265-271
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• 2021

The pattern of the tree's internal swelling depends on many causes. Since it is difficult to detect these various causes of swelling with a general method, if the state of swelling for a long time cannot be confirmed, serious damage to the trees may occur due to enlargement of the swelling area. In the method of acquiring a tree tomography image, an impulse passing through the tree is generated by tapping the sensor with a rubber mallet, and the moving speed is recorded. In this paper, to measure cracks, cavities, and swelling due to physical damage, we developed a 3D viewer that can know the internal state of a tree using a tree cross-section image acquired from Arbotom to determine the degree of swelling inside the tree. Based on this, we tried to present data that can be referred to when surgical operation of trees is required. In order to acquire a tomographic image of a tree, 6 sensors were attached to the three Yangpala and Maple trees, and a 1 m-long tree was measured using the Arbotom program, and a 3D image was implemented through the 3D Viewer created using MATLAB. In addition to simply acquiring images, the cross-sectional length and volume of the tree were measured. In the actually produced 3D Viewer, the length of the part where the swelling of the maple tree occurred was 33.12 cm, and the swelling of the yangpala tree was measured as 21.41 cm. The volume of the maple tree was measured to be 78.832 ㎤. As a result of comparing the cross-sectional image of the Arbotom and the 3D image, the same result as the real aspect of the tree was obtained, so it can be judged that the reliability of the manufactured software is also secured, and data to be applied to the surgical tree operation through the created Viewer is provided. It is believed that the damage will be minimized.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 2018

The aim of the present study was to identify the metabolic changes that have occurred in Hanwoo Native Cow. Analysis of serum metabolites was carried out to investigate relationship of pregnancy rate and feeding systems. Totally, 281 cows were used for grazing and barn feeding. Grazing was carried out for 5 months in the pasture. In barn feeding, concentrate 3.0 Kg(TDN 68%, CP 14%) and rice straw 6 kg(TDN 50%, CP 6.5%) were fed. Artificial insemination(AI) carried out by timed AI procedure. The level of glucose(mg/dl), cholesterol(mg/mL), BUN(mg/dl), AST(U/l), ALT(U/l), and NEFA(uEq/l) were analyzed. In Table 1, barn feeding with 120% group was showed high Cholesterol and BUN levels compared those with 80% feeding group(p<0.05). In Table 2, 60 pregnant cows in grazing herd showed low Cholesterol, AST and NEFA levels compared to 43 non-pregnant cows($149.8{\pm}4.9$, $99.1{\pm}2.6$, $326.7{\pm}15.7$ vs. $165.9{\pm}4.6$, $108.9{\pm}3.2$, $419.2{\pm}32.8$, respectively, p<0.05). In Table 3, 126 grazing feeding cows showed high Glucose, Cholesterol, AST, ALT, and NEFA levels compared to 22 barn feeding cows($84.8{\pm}1.3$, $142.5{\pm}2.5$, $97.7{\pm}2.3$, $34.3{\pm}0.5$, $317.8{\pm}13.6$ vs. $56.0{\pm}1.3$, $128.9{\pm}4.6$, $80.9{\pm}2.0$, $27.1{\pm}0.9$, $160.2{\pm}18.9$, respectively, p<0.05). Further study needed to obtain more accurate level of metabolites in serum for pregnant and non-pregnant cows.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2019

The number of domestic construction company is expanding every year while the construction workers' exposure to disaster risk is increasing due to technological advancements and popularity of high-rise buildings. In particular, the industry faces greater fatalities and severe large scale accidents because of construction industry characteristics including influx of foreign workers with different language and culture, large number of aged workers, outsourcing, high place work, heavy machine construction. The construction industry is labor-intensive, which is to be completed under given timeline and consists of unique working environment with a lot of night shifts. In addition, when a fixed construction budget is not secured, there is less investment in safety management resulting in poor risk management at the construction site. Taking account that the construction industry has higher accident risk rate and fatality rate, risky and unique working environment, and various labor pool from foreign to aged workers, preemptive safety management through risk factor identification is a mandatory requirement for the construction industry and site. The study analyzes about 8,500 cases of construction accidents that occurred over the past 10 years and identified risk factor by construction industry sector to secure a systematic insight for risk management. Based on interrelation analysis between accident types, work types, original cause materials and assailing materials, there is correlation between each analysis factor and work industry. Especially for work types, there is great correlation between work tasks and industry type. For reinforced concrete and earthwork are among the most frequent types of accidents, and they are not only high in frequency of accidents, but also have a high risk in categories of occurrence.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Dichlobentiazox is a newly registered pesticide in Korea as a triazole fungicide and requires establishment of an official analysis method for the safety management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the residual analysis method of dichlobentiazox for the five representative agricultural products. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three QuEChERS methods were applied to establish the extraction method, and the EN method was finally selected through the recovery test. In addition, various adsorbent agents were applied to establish the clean-up method. As a result, it was found that the recovery of the tested pesticide was reduced when using the d-SPE method with PSA and GCB, but C₁₈ showed an excellent recovery. Therefore this method was established as the final analysis method. For the analysis, LC-MS/MS was used with consideration of the selectivity and sensitivity of the target pesticide and was operated in MRM mode. The results of the recovery test using the established analysis method and inter laboratory validation showed a valid range of 70-120%, with standard deviation and coefficient of variation of less than 3.0% and 11.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Dichlobentiazox could be analyzed with a modified QuEChERS method, and the method determined would be widely available to ensure the safety of residual pesticides in Korea.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.621-630
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• 2021

This study evaluated cracks and climate monitoring in Ipseok-dae columnar joints and Jigong Neodeol rock blocks in Mudeungsan National Park. The rocks' state of cracking and their surface temperatures were measured alongside air temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity. The maximum crack behavior in Ipseok-dae was 0.367 mm at one point, and showed a slight tendency at other points. One in Jigong Neodeol was within 0.15 mm and showed a stable state with little change. The surface temperature of the Ipseok-dae columnar joints was higher on the side exposed to sunlight than on the shaded side. All blocks of Jigong Neodeol rock showed similar temperatures. The air temperature showed a similar distribution for both rock types. The air temperature showed a similar distribution for both Ipseok-dae and Jigong Neodeol. The relative humidity was mostly between 20% and 60% in Ipseok-dae and was between 20 and 70% in Jigong Neodeol. Both areas had low wind speeds, with maxima of 5 m/s in Ipseok-dae and 3 m/s in Jigong Neodeol. As a result, it is evaluated that crack behavior in Ipseok-dae columnar joints and Jigong Neodeol rock blocks have maintained a very stable state so far. The surface temperature, temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity of the two areas showed small difference depending on the season, indicating that they were affected to some extent by the season. From a long-term perspective, this can continuously affect the deformation of the Ipseok-dae columnar joints or Jigong Neodeol rock blocks. Therefore, in order to accurately evaluate their stability, it is considered that the current microscopic delamination and exfoliation or the propagation and expansion of cracks should be continuously measured.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2021

When producing recycled asphalt mix, it is important that the old binder of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP) should be well melted during blending in the mixer. The recycled asphalt mix is produced by instant mixing(IM) of all materials(RAP, virgin asphalt and new aggregates) all together in the mixer. However, in the same recycled mix, the binder around RAP aggregate was found to show higher oxidation level than the binder coated around the virgin aggregate because the old binder of RAP was not rejuvenated properly while instant mixing. The partially-rejuvenated RAP binder is assumed to be a high stiffness point in IM recycled mix. In this study, the stage mixing(SM) method was introduced; blending RAP and virgin asphalt for the first stage, and then mixing all together with hot new aggregates for the second stage. To compare the effect of the two mixing methods on moisture resistance of recycled mixes, a statistical t-test was performed between SM and IM using indirect tensile strength(ITS) and tensile strength ratio(TSR). Three conditioning methods were used; a 16-h freezing and then 24-h submerging, 48-h submerging, and 72-h submerging in 60℃ water. It was found that the TSR(=ITS_wet/ITS_dry) values of the mixes prepared by SM was clearly higher than the IM mixes, and coefficients of variation of SM mixes were lower than the IM mixes. It was also observed that the ITS_WET of SM was significantly different from the IM at α=0.05 level by statistical t-test. The ITS_WET of SM mix was reduced less than the IM mix in severer conditioned mixes. Therefore, it was concluded that the stage mixing method was an important blending technique for producing better-quality of recycled asphalt mixes, which would show higher moisture resistance than the recycled mixes produced by conventional instant mixing.