• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.209-212
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• 2006

Until now, sulfate attack is not completely understood. The purpose of this study is to provide a fundamental data to understand deterioration mechanism by sulfate attack. Chemical processes for products formed by sulfate attack were explained in this study. ASTM C1012 test and microstructural observations such as XRD and BSE analysis were carried out to manifest behavior and role of the products formed during sulfate attack. Regarding the dominant causes of sulfate attack, the main deterioration modes could be divided into 3 types; (1) expansive type, (2) onion-peeling type, and (3) acidic type.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
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• pp.395-398
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• 2000

Recently, increasement of usage contents of sea sand in constructing concrete structures due to insufficiency of high quality river sand, led to many studies for steel corrosion and control methods on it in concrete. But, domestic studies for threshold chloride contents of steel corrosion are not so many as those of foreign states. In this study, the electrochemical test as half cell potential measurement and linear polarization method to estimate the corrosion of steel in contents mixed with several levels chloride contents was performed, thereby, pre-mixed chloride were compared with results measured quantitatively for steel corrosion. And, based on these data, a trial to determine threshold chloride contents of steel corrosion was made.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회논문집(I)
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• pp.425-428
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• 2000

When concrete structures are exposed to sulfate or marin environments, sulfate ions penetrated into concrete make it deteriorate. An accelerated test under potential difference method was performed to evaluate not only the sulfate ion diffusivity in ordinary portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag cement concretes but the effect of slag replacement and water-cement ratio on the sulfate ions diffusivity. As the result of this study, we assumed the sulfate ion diffusivity was significantly related with total passed charge and initial current in concrete. Moreover sulfate ions penetration resistance of ordinary portland cement concrete was superior to that of ground granulated blast-furnace slag cement concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.74-77
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• 2003

This paper investigated the apparent chloride diffusivity of various concretes. Ten mixtures of concrete were initially prepared and tested to estimate diffusion property. The penetration depth and concentration of chloride ion were examined at the same water-binder ration. The binders were composed of normal portland cement, fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and silica fume. From the results, it was concluded that using the mineral admixtures had a filling effect on the pore structure of cements matrix due to those pozzoanic reaction with the hydrates of cement, which increases the tortuosity of pore and makes large pore finer. And diffusivity of chloride is following: NPC100 > F10N90 > F30N70 > F20N80 > F20S05 > G30N70 > F10S05 > G30S05 > G30F15 > G50N50.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2018

큰머리톱가슴긴고목벌레[Mimemodes cribratus (Reitter)] (신칭)을 국내에서 처음으로 보고하고, 한국산 톱가슴긴고목벌레과의 종 분류 검색표 및 본 종의 기재문과 식별형질에 대한 사진을 제공한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.902-908
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• 2002

Homogeneously aligned nematic liquid crystal displays (LCDs) driven by in-plane or fringe field were known to exhibit wide viewing angle and appeared to be black in the off state. However, the existence of spacers inside the cell causes the deformation of the liquid crystal molecules. Such a deformation of the liquid crystal causes light-leakage in the dark state, which lowers contrast ratio of the display. We found that the light-leakage due to deformation of the LC director near the spacer mainly depends on the dielectric anisotropy and the ratio of elastic constants of the LC. In this paper, the mechanism on deformation of the LC near spacer is investigated by optical polarizing microscopy.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.714-717
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• 2000

To consider sulfate resistance of cement pastes and motars for 3 types of portland cements which have different $C_3A$ contents an silicate ratio($C_3S/C_2S$), they were immersed in 5% sodium sulfate solution for 400 days. SEM analysis and ($Ca(OH)_2$ contents of cement pastes, and compressive strength and length change of cement mortars, were performed to investigate the effects of ($C_3$ and ($Ca(OH)_2$ contents. According to the results of this study, low heat portland cement pastes, and compressive strength and length change of cement mortars, were performed to investigate the effects of C3A and ($Ca(OH)_2$ contents. According to the results of this study, low heat portland cement had a good sulfate resistances because of a small quantity of gypsum and ettringite due to less ($Ca(OH)_2$ contents. However, ordinary portland cement had an adverse result. This was also confirmed by SEM analysis.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2000

Compressive strength, sulfate deterioration factor(SDF) and length change of 5 types of mortars immersed in sodium sulfate solution were observed. As the results of tests, it was found that the sulfate resistance of blended cement mortars were superior to that of portland cement mortars. Pore volume with diameter larger than 0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ of 5 types of pastes indicated that the micro-structures of blended cement pastes were denser, due to pozzolan reaction and latent hydraulic properties, than those of portland cement pastes. The XRD, ESEM, EDS and TG analyses demonstrated that the reactants such as ettringite and gypsum were significantly formed in portland cement pastes. Besides, compared with the $Ca(OH)_2$ content of ordinary portland cement pastes immersed in water and sodium sulfate solution, the $Ca(OH)_2$ contents of fly ash blended cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag cement paste were about 58% and 28% in water, and 55% and 20% in sodium sulfate solution, respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.983-987
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• 2004

We have studied electro-optic characteristics of reflective optically compensated splay (R-OCS) cell. The initial configuration of this cell is in splay form such that a mid director lies parallel to the substrate and around it hybrid structure is formed symmetrically so the optically compensation effect exists. Optimized optical configurations could be achieved by using a single polarizer, a quarter-wave film and a cell with quarter-wane retardation. The optimal cell retardation is 0.34 ${\mu}$m, allowing to have large cell gap. The cell provides high contrast ratio of 80:1 at normal direction and the region with contrast ratio over 5:1 covert up to 160$^{\circ}$ horizontally and vertically at all wavelength range.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.908-913
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• 2003

We have performed computer simulation to obtain electro-optic characteristics of reflective hybrid aligned nematic liquid crystal displays (LCDs) driven by fringe field. The results show that the optimal retardation value (dΔn) of the cell is 0.289 ${\mu}$m, which allows for the cell to have a practical cell gap of larger than 3 ${\mu}$m when manufacturing. A reflectance of the dark state is only 0.114 % for an incident light 550 nm. At this condition, the light efficiency of white state reaches 92.7 %. The display with optimized cell parameters shows that the contrast ratio greater than 5 exists over 600 of polar angle in all directions and lower driving voltage than that of fringe-field driven homogeneously aligned reflective LCD.