• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.409-441
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• 2005

During reformation of the world order in the 21st century, the terrorism has been showing up as a new value and rising up as core element of determining human being's quality of lives. The middle east's terrorism is leading the international terrorism and it is originated from the religious ideology which has formed for centuries and struggles for regional influence. This is the conflict aspect coming from the opposition of religious ideologies and cultural dislocations. It concludes as confrontation between the terrorism of Islam fundamentalism and western christianity that America is leading after the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. There is little prospect for an improvement of their relationship. The Terrorism supported by government might be eradicated by America's drastic anti-terrorism policy. However, it will be serious and spread all over the world that the terrorist attacks against America and western countries is acted by militant warriors of Islamic fundamentalism, uniting Arab and Islamic peoples' emotions against America. Terrorism is urgent menace to Korea and it is needed to take measures to cope with it considering their religion and people throughly.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.50
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• pp.175-206
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• 2017

The current study described the history of Islamic extremism and the recent expansion of international Islamic extremism in Indonesia. For doing so, both content analysis of the existing written documents and qualitative interviews were conducted. For the content analysis, media reports and research articles were collected and utilized. For qualitative interviews, Indonesian students and workers in Korea, Korean spouses married to Indonesian, and Korean missionaries in Indonesia were contacted and interviewed. Qualitative interview was conducted between 30 minutes and 2 hours. On the spot, interviews were recorded and later transcribed into written documents. Due to the difficulty of identification of population and the uneasiness of accessability to th study subjects, convenient sampling and snowball sampling were used. According to the results, Islamic extremism in Indonesia had a deep historical root and generally shared similar historical experience with other muslim countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia where Islamic extremism was deeply rooted in. That is, Islamic extremism began as a reaction to the western imperialism, after independence, Islamic extremism elements were marginalized in the process of construction of the modern nation-state, and Islamic extremist movement was radicalized and became violent during the Soviet-Afghan War. In addition, after 9.11, Islamic extremism in Indonesia was connected to international Islamic extremism network and integrated into such global movement. Such a historical development of Indonesian Islamic extremism was quite organized and robust. Meanwhile, the eastward infiltration and expansion of international Islamic extremism such as IS and Al Qaeda was observed in Indonesia. Particularly, such a worrisome expansion was more clearly visible in the marginalized and underdeveloped countrysides in Indonesia. Such expansion in Indonesia could negatively affect on the security of South Korea. Geographically, Indonesia is proximate to South Korea. This geographical proximity could be a direct security threat to the Korean society, as if Islamic extremism in North Africa and Middle East becomes a direct security threat to Europe. Considering the presence of a large size of Indonesian immigrant workers and communities in South Korea, such a concern is very realistic. The arrest of an Indonesian Islamic extremism supporter in November, 2016, could be a harbinger of the coming trend of Islamic extremism expansion inside South Korea. The Indonesian Islamic community in South Korea could be a passage of Indonesian Islamic extremism into the South Korean society. In this context, it is timely and necessary to pay an attention to the recent trend of Islamic extremism expansion in Indonesia.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.149-175
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the character of Islamic fundamentalism and Middle-Ease Terrorism. The aim of Islamic fundamentalism is reconstruction of Ummah(Muslim Unity), thee early society of Muhammad's age. Islamic movement insist to restore the spirit of Islam and purify the society of Islam from the United State and Western world. Now, Islamic fundamentalism movement as a new ideology, appeals to muslim in the world. The concept of modern national state from the Western countries do not accord with the traditional Islamic principles of reign and a spirit of nationalism. On the other hand, Islamic movement have no legitimacy in the system of modern state which govern the Arab world, regardless of the form of government. For this reasons, Islamic fundamentalist have an insecure position and their political activities. It is yet far from their purpose, to reconstruct the muslim unity, to realize the Islamic political principle close to their practical methods. Yet Islamic fundamental movement have not overcome the system of secular state. The Middle East terrorism supported by government might be eradicated by America's anti-terrorism policy. However, it will be serious and spread all over the world that the terrorist attack against the U. S. and western countries is acted by militant warriors of Islamic fundamentalism, uniting Arab and Islamic people's emotions against America and western countries. There are some reasons that we need to focus on the Arab and Islamic fundamentalism. We need to get out of misunderstanding and discrimination about Islamic religion and culture from America's and Western' standard Which are only their new world order. The discrimination of America and western nations against muslim could make other ideologies, opposite to the world peace. There are a lot of foreign workers from Islam countries in Korea. We need to give consideration and attention to them for the our globalization and world peace. It is time to consider what to do for the nation's profit(economical, political, strategic)with right understanding. We are not safe and free from the terrorism yet.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.549-567
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• 2007

In the post-Cold war world, the threat of terrorism is emerging as the most formidable challenge. The terrorist attacks including 9.11 World Trade Center attack have proved such challenge. It has become apparent that no country is safe from the scourage of terrorism. The region of the southeast Asia is no exception to this trend. The Bali bombing of 2002, killing about 200 innocent people, demonstrated that the threat environment had significantly altered. Today, local and regional groups such as Jemiah Islamiah can conduct terrorist operations as devastating as those carried out by Al Qaeda. As fighting terrorism is a complex multi-dimensional task, the responsibility for fighting terrorism must not rest with a single government. The burden must be shared by both the local governments and international communities. In addition, To prevent another bombing of the scale of Bali, countries in the region of southeast Asia must respond decisively. The purpose of this study is to examine the current situation on terrorism in the southeast Asia and to provide perspectives on future terrorism in this region. To foster the better understanding, historical survey on the terrorism in the region and local terrorist groups' network with the foreign terrorist organizations including Al Qaeda have been researched. Based on the result of the research, this paper provides a perspectives and evaluation on the future terrorism in the southeast Asia. It also provides an implications for our reference in the war against terrorism.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.45
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• pp.161-189
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• 2015

As the terrorist act inflicted on the American Ambassador to Korea, Mark Lippert on March 5, 2015, the hunting rifle case in Sejong-si in which 3 persons were killed on February 25, and the hunting rifle murder case in Hwaseong-si Namyang-dong on February 27 occurred in succession, there is growing concern that our country is no long safe from firearm violence. Internationally, there is growing concern that our country is no longer safe from international terrorist organizations such as Islamic State (IS), the Sunni Muslims fundamentalists' Islamic militia group, which an 18-year old Korean boy Kim voluntarily joined in January 2015. The police crisis negotiation of our country was established and operated to prepare for the 1988 Olympic Games mainly for counter-terrorism purposes, and due to the characteristics of the prohibition of the use of guns, not a counter-terrorism incident has occurred, so the skepticism about its existence and the development directions are actively being discussed. Our country still prefers the traditional use of force such as SWAT team to resolve crisis case, such as such as murder, terrorism, robbery, and is reinforcing tactical capabilities. However, to perform the primary mission of the police to protect the people's lives and properties, it is necessary to establish the system in which crisis negotiations are possible in the initial stages no matter what incidents may occur by expanding the education for crisis negotiations techniques which are emphasized in the advanced countries such as the United States. In this research, the police department's internal education materials and media are analyzed so that the new police officers who work hardest on the forefront can carry out the roles as basic negotiators of crisis negotiations, and the measures for the development directions of the police crisis negotiations are presented.