• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.457-466
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• 2012

The study aimed to investigate the effects of climate adaptability and physical activity adherence on clothing behavior and health perception. Total usable questionnaires were obtained from 352 university students(126 male & 226 female students). Results were gained from the statistical analysis such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, t-test using SPSS 19.0. The results were as follows. First, male students showed higher figures than female students in physical activity adherence, cold adaptability, and health perception but vice versa in clothing behaviors related to the seasons, weather forecasts and the situation. Second, the group which had good physical activity adherence showed adequate clothing behaviors and fine health perception, which meant proper relations between exercise, clothing behavior, and health. Finally, the group which had lower climate adaptability but adequate clothing behavior according to the season showed a fine health perception. The relation between clothing behavior and health perception was checked through this.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.767-775
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• 2004

In order to evaluate physiological responses and comfort sensation of the developed thermoregulating textile material, polyester knit fabric was treated with phase change material (PCM) microcapsules by printing. Ten male subjects wearing an experimental best with and without PCMs were seated for 20 minutes, then exercised for 20 minutes, and then seated for 30 minutes in the chamber which was controlled under the temperatures of 20$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5%R.H. The subject's skin temperature, microclimate inside garment and comfort sensation of two experimental bests were compared one another. As a result, the rectal temperature, skin temperature and mean skin temperature were similar in the two groups, and the subjects were not able to perceive the differences in comfort of the two experimental bests. However, the effect of PCM microcapsule could be seen from microclimate temperature and humidity. The microclimate temperature of the PCM garment at chest was significantly higher during exercise. The microclimate humidity of the PCM garment at chest was significantly lower during exercise and rest.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2001

Korea and Japan, neighboring two nations, have similar cultural background and complicated relations in terms of their culture and constitution. In this study, clothing microclimate and subjective sensation of Korean and Japanese subjects for Hanbok, traditional costumes of Korea, were assessed and investigated differences between them. The results of the study were as follows. For Hanbok, the temperature within clothing at the chest have significant correlations with the variables of race and elapsed time with p<0.001. At the thigh, correlations with elapsed time were significant (p<0.001). For the humidity within clothing at the chest of Hanbok, correlations with variables of race were significant (p<0.001). At the thigh, correlations with race and elapsed time were significant(p<0.001). For Hanbok, Korean group reported 'slightly warm' whereas Japanese group reported 'hot' in the thermal sensation. For the humid sensation, Korean group reported 'neutral' and Japanese group reported 'humid'. For the comfort sensation, Korean group reported 'slightly uncomfortable' and Japanese group reported 'uncomfortable'. Japanese group reported high relation with comfort sensation and humidity of microclimate.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 1992

To investigate the seasonal effects on physiological responses of human body, clothing micro-climate, and subjective sensation, selected the cloths the most frequently dressed by men in spring and fall, and completed wearing trials in the climatic chamber. The results are as follows: 1. Rectal temp. ranged 36.8-37.1$^{\circ}C$ in either spring or fall, and no seasonal effect was found. 2. In skin temp., there was no seasonal effect in forehead, abdomen, and forearm. Skin temp. of chest was higher in spring than in fall. On the contrary, reverse was true in high and leg. Average skin temp. ranged 32.2-33.2$^{\circ}C$ in spring and 32.9-34.$0^{\circ}C$ in fall. 3. Average total sweat rate of spring, 79.4g/hr, was smaller than that of fall, 110.9g/hr. 4. Clothing temp. ranged 28.1-32.8$^{\circ}C$ in spring and 27.6-31.$0^{\circ}C$ in fall. Clothing humidity ranged 36.9-48.9% in spring and 38.2-51.1% in fall. Therefore, clothing microclimate was higher during fall than during spring. As results, skin temp. of the body core except chest did not show seasonal variation, but there was obvious seasonal variation in skin temp. of the extremities. Therefore, seasonal variation should be take into consideration in the experiments related to the cloth. In addition, standard for each season and the degree of work performance should be re-established in clothing micro-climate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.3 s.151
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• pp.407-411
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the physiological responses of obese children after a short-term wear training and education. A ten-week program was conducted on thirteen obese elementary school children of six boys and seven girls in the 4th to the 6th grade. During the program, the children were instructed to measure daily ambient temperature and weight of their clothing. Physiological responses of the sedentary children in 100$\%$ cotton short sleeved t-shirt (0.13clo) and T/C short pants(0.09clo) were observed in the climatic chamber of 23.0$\pm$0.5$^{circ}C$ and 50$\pm$5$\%$RH before and after program. During the experiment, internal ear temperature ($T_{ear}$), seven site skin temperatures, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and subjective responses of thermal comfort and thermal sensation were measured every 5minutes. Mean skin temperature($T_{sk}$) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) were calculated. Obtained data are statistically analyzed and main results are as follows. There was highly significant correlation between the ambient temperature and the total clothing weight. $T_{ear}$ and MAP were reduced in the post-program compared to the pre-program. The obese girls felt slightly warmer than the obese boys and the girls were likely to prefer lower ambient temperature in the post-program than the pre-program. It was concluded that the 10 week wear training is apt to be more applicable to the obese girls than the obese boys. However, a more comprehensive study including. diverse measurements of deep body temperature with a long-term training would be needed to clarify the improvement of temperature adaptability in the obese children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.726-736
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basal information for standard amount of clothing weight indoor climate and working condition with investigating seasonal changes of skin temperature and factors influencing on that in Koreans. Forty eight subjects in 5 age groups(6-11, 12-19, 20-44, 45-64, 65-76 years old) with both sexs were measured skin temperature indoor climate clothing microclimate clothing weight and skinfold thickness in neutral condition in each month throughout the year. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Indoor climate koreans felt comfortable ranged 18.1-28.7$^{\circ}C$ and 51-74%RH. 2. Temperature inside the clothing ranged 30.8-32.3$^{\circ}C$ in males and 31.0-32.5$^{\circ}C$in females. There was a significant difference in temperature inside the clothing among age groups : That of 6019 age group was slightly higher than that at 45-76 age group. 3. Total clothing weight changed with season and increased in order of summer autumn spring and winter Total clothing weight of 65-76 age group was significantly greater on January and February. Breast skinfold thickness showed the smallest value in summer and the largest value in winter year. In addition to breast and abdomen skinfold thickness were larger in 45-67 age group while thigh skinfold thickness was larger in 6-19 age group. Skinfold thickness in females showed the smallest value in spring summer and the largest value in autumn and winter. In addition to triceps and suprailliac skinfold thickness were larger in 45-64 age group while thigh skinfold thickness was larger in 12-19 age goup. 5. Temperature of the lower limbs(hand, thigh. leg, and foot) showed significant correlation with the indoor temperature humidity inside clothing and total clothing weight. Temperature of the torso(breast and abdomen) showed significant correlation with the temperature inside clothing in all subjects. Abdomen skinfold thickness of all age group in male showed significant correlation with the abdomen skin temperature. triceps suprailliac and thigh skinfold thickness of 6-11 age group in female showed significant correation the upperarm abdomen and thigh skin temperature. Consequently clothing mdicroclimate total clothing weight and skinfold thickness showed significant difference in season sex and ages and had a slight effect on skin temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.9_10
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• pp.1465-1474
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• 2007

We analyzed the effects of regular Jjimjilbang(Korean sauna) exposure on the heat tolerance in young and old females. Subjects were young(n=7) and old(n=7) females who never had a bath in Jjimjilbang for last year. Jjimjilbang training group took a bath in Jjimjilbang once a week 19 times. Jjimjibang expsure was limited three times per day, Jjimjil were taken free way. To prove the effects of the heat tolerance, Subjects were exposed to hot and humid air$(40.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C,\;60{\pm}5%RH)$. In the condition, subjects were taken a foot bathing$(40.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C)$ and simulated for 30 min., and rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, blood pressure, total body weight loss, local sweat and subjective sensation were measured. The results are as follow: Rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, total body weight and subjective thermal comfort sensation were decreased gradually(p<.001). Local sweat of upper arm was decreased(p<.01). In conclusion. the regular Jjimjilbang exposure has positive effects upon improvement in regulation of body temperature, especially in heat tolerance.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.167-174
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• 2014

The physical properties of textile materials and thermal physiological responses of the human subjects were evaluated with 4 different types of the army combat uniforms including US, German, Korean and general uniforms for this study. 8 male adults were used as the human subjects and the tests were done in the environmental chamber that was $25{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ of temperature, $65{\pm}5%$ of relative humidity and below 0.3 m/sec of air velocity. The test protocol consisted the rest period for 20 min., the exercise period for 20 min., the rest period for 20 min., the exercise period under wind condition for 20 min., and the recovery period for 20 min. The human subjects walked with 4.5 km/hr for 10 min., ran 7.5 km/hr for 10 min. during the first exercise period and walked and ran with the same speeds under 3.5 m/sec of the air velocity that simulated outdoor condition during the second exercise period. The test results of the study were as follows; The wind condition affected the skin and microclimate temperature of the human subjects lower compared to without wind condition, but had insignificant effect on the humidity control. The low air permeability of Korean uniform caused blocking the elimination of the humidity from the body and the regulation of body temperature. However, Korean uniforms could be the excellent one with the designs considering the ventilation of the uniforms and the textile fabrics with better air permeability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.6 s.154
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• pp.981-991
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the practicability of an experimental protective clothing by identifying the human body's physiological responses to it as well as the human body's comfort level when wearing it, particularly with the use of a processed charcoal material. The experimental protective clothing came in two types: one whose outer side made use of polypropylene film, and the inner side, a non-woven rayon fabric; and one whose inner side made use of a non-woven fabric processed with charcoal with a 10% density. Experiments were conducted on five healthy adult women whose average age was 21. These experiments were conducted at a climatic chamber, in which the temperature and relative humidity were set below $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;and\;50{\pm}10%$, respectively, and were measured within a period of 60min, consisting of a 20-min rest period, a 20-min exercise period, and a 20-min recovery period. Based on the results of this study, the efficiency of the processed charcoal material was reviewed, and a database requiring the production of more functional and comfortable protective clothing materials was established.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.928-939
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• 2012

This study evaluates wear comforts of water-vapor-permeable (WVP) garments through a measurement of various parameters such as skin and rectal temperatures, microclimate between skin and clothing, sweat rate, and subjective sensations (thermal, wet and comfort sensations) to correlate the physiological responses of the human body with its comfort feeling. Wear comfort during a specific exercise on a treadmill in a climatic chamber (temperature T = $20{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity H = $50{\pm}10%$) were studied using eight men wearing seven sportswear outfits (a long sleeve shirts and a long pants) made with seven different WVP fabrics. A comfort sensation was found to be highly correlated with skin T (p<.001), microclimate (T and H) between skin and clothing (p<.001) and sweat rate (p<.05). A regression model correlating comfort sensations and physiological responses obtained from wearer trials could be established: Y = 14.167 - 0.362 ${\times}$ X1 + 0.424 ${\times}$ X2 - 0.238 ${\times}$ X3 - 0.561 ${\times}$ X4 + 0.253 ${\times}$ X5 + 0.214 ${\times}$ X6 - 0.393 ${\times}$ X7 + 0.023 ${\times}$ X8 - 0.043 ${\times}$ X9. (Y = comfort sensation, X1 = forehead skin T, X2 = forearm skin T, X3 = hand skin T, X4 = thigh skin T, X5 = T of chest microclimate, X6 = T of thigh microclimate, X7 = chest sweat rate, X8 = H of back microclimate, X9 = H of thigh microclimate. The regression model obtained in this work can be used by manufacturers to objectively estimate the comfort sensation of sportswear before it is introduced to the consumer market. This study provides salient information to sportswear manufacturers and sportswear consumers.